{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4386231843","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2023.3308600","title":"Evaluation of Human Pose Recognition and Object Detection Technologies and Architecture for Situation-Aware Robotics Applications in Edge Computing Environment","display_name":"Evaluation of Human Pose Recognition and Object Detection Technologies and Architecture for Situation-Aware Robotics Applications in Edge Computing Environment","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4386231843","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2023.3308600"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2023.3308600","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2023.3308600","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/10233116.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/10233116.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5072716123","display_name":"Pekka P\u00e4\u00e4kk\u00f6nen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0009-2383-4263"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I87653560","display_name":"VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland","ror":"https://ror.org/04b181w54","country_code":"FI","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210089493","https://openalex.org/I87653560"]}],"countries":["FI"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Pekka P\u00e4\u00e4kk\u00f6nen","raw_affiliation_strings":["VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland, Oulu, Finland","VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland, 90571, Oulu, Finland"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0009-2383-4263","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland, Oulu, Finland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I87653560"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland, 90571, Oulu, Finland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I87653560"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5039075922","display_name":"Daniel Pakkala","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0513-3473"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I87653560","display_name":"VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland","ror":"https://ror.org/04b181w54","country_code":"FI","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210089493","https://openalex.org/I87653560"]}],"countries":["FI"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Daniel Pakkala","raw_affiliation_strings":["VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland, Oulu, Finland","VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland, 90571, Oulu, Finland"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0513-3473","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland, Oulu, Finland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I87653560"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland, 90571, Oulu, Finland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I87653560"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5072716123"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I87653560"],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":1.1794,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":12,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.7788385,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":97,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"11","issue":null,"first_page":"92735","last_page":"92751"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10036","display_name":"Advanced Neural Network Applications","score":0.998199999332428,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10036","display_name":"Advanced Neural Network Applications","score":0.998199999332428,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10273","display_name":"IoT and Edge/Fog Computing","score":0.998199999332428,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10444","display_name":"Context-Aware Activity Recognition Systems","score":0.9958000183105469,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8280930519104004},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.6249234676361084},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/architecture","display_name":"Architecture","score":0.6124375462532043},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/robotics","display_name":"Robotics","score":0.5857709646224976},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/edge-computing","display_name":"Edge computing","score":0.5812803506851196},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cognitive-neuroscience-of-visual-object-recognition","display_name":"Cognitive neuroscience of visual object recognition","score":0.5747668147087097},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/object","display_name":"Object (grammar)","score":0.5597310066223145},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/enhanced-data-rates-for-gsm-evolution","display_name":"Enhanced Data Rates for GSM Evolution","score":0.5514793395996094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/realization","display_name":"Realization (probability)","score":0.5442195534706116},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/object-detection","display_name":"Object detection","score":0.5425326228141785},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/deep-learning","display_name":"Deep learning","score":0.4360426962375641},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pose","display_name":"Pose","score":0.4351575970649719},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/human\u2013computer-interaction","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","score":0.4081452190876007},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-architecture","display_name":"Computer architecture","score":0.4051947295665741},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/embedded-system","display_name":"Embedded system","score":0.38999316096305847},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.3678409159183502},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/robot","display_name":"Robot","score":0.3362919092178345},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.20879647135734558}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8280930519104004},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6249234676361084},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C123657996","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12271","display_name":"Architecture","level":2,"score":0.6124375462532043},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C34413123","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170978","display_name":"Robotics","level":3,"score":0.5857709646224976},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778456923","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5337692","display_name":"Edge computing","level":3,"score":0.5812803506851196},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C64876066","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5141226","display_name":"Cognitive neuroscience of visual object recognition","level":3,"score":0.5747668147087097},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781238097","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175026","display_name":"Object (grammar)","level":2,"score":0.5597310066223145},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162307627","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q204833","display_name":"Enhanced Data Rates for GSM Evolution","level":2,"score":0.5514793395996094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781089630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21856745","display_name":"Realization (probability)","level":2,"score":0.5442195534706116},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776151529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3045304","display_name":"Object detection","level":3,"score":0.5425326228141785},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108583219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q197536","display_name":"Deep learning","level":2,"score":0.4360426962375641},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52102323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1671968","display_name":"Pose","level":2,"score":0.4351575970649719},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107457646","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207434","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","level":1,"score":0.4081452190876007},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118524514","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173212","display_name":"Computer architecture","level":1,"score":0.4051947295665741},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149635348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193040","display_name":"Embedded system","level":1,"score":0.38999316096305847},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.3678409159183502},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C90509273","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11012","display_name":"Robot","level":2,"score":0.3362919092178345},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.20879647135734558},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142362112","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q735","display_name":"Art","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153349607","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36649","display_name":"Visual arts","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2023.3308600","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2023.3308600","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/10233116.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:f4e24326e1db41dd80d7967f79abe55d","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/f4e24326e1db41dd80d7967f79abe55d","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 11, Pp 92735-92751 (2023)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2023.3308600","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2023.3308600","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/10233116.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320328501","display_name":"Business Finland","ror":"https://ror.org/05bgf9v38"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4386231843.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4386231843.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":43,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1497244971","https://openalex.org/W2055504431","https://openalex.org/W2136922540","https://openalex.org/W2600703076","https://openalex.org/W2943983563","https://openalex.org/W2963163009","https://openalex.org/W2980150456","https://openalex.org/W2991478576","https://openalex.org/W3018757597","https://openalex.org/W3022909269","https://openalex.org/W3023878251","https://openalex.org/W3036562930","https://openalex.org/W3037356113","https://openalex.org/W3044604993","https://openalex.org/W3046216614","https://openalex.org/W3085645439","https://openalex.org/W3113668354","https://openalex.org/W3180134609","https://openalex.org/W3184369898","https://openalex.org/W3203315377","https://openalex.org/W3211397095","https://openalex.org/W3214153136","https://openalex.org/W4206654130","https://openalex.org/W4214810854","https://openalex.org/W4224134719","https://openalex.org/W4224282468","https://openalex.org/W4229073080","https://openalex.org/W4237893686","https://openalex.org/W4292787291","https://openalex.org/W4297676427","https://openalex.org/W4307371365","https://openalex.org/W4308084021","https://openalex.org/W4309729786","https://openalex.org/W4313275337","https://openalex.org/W4316843048","https://openalex.org/W4327643804","https://openalex.org/W4386076325","https://openalex.org/W6777046832","https://openalex.org/W6780827055","https://openalex.org/W6803926790","https://openalex.org/W6843239693","https://openalex.org/W6848712460","https://openalex.org/W6849520326"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2970686063","https://openalex.org/W1988485990","https://openalex.org/W4385695170","https://openalex.org/W2743499089","https://openalex.org/W3080788400","https://openalex.org/W4310297555","https://openalex.org/W2059625476","https://openalex.org/W2127769904","https://openalex.org/W2092874535","https://openalex.org/W2801801420"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Realization":[0],"of":[1,16,28,46,76,84,105,147,173,188],"situation-awareness":[2],"for":[3,38,60],"autonomous":[4],"robotics":[5],"applications":[6],"in":[7,25,92,177],"edge":[8,17,93],"computing":[9,14,94,179],"environment":[10],"is":[11,79],"challenging.":[12],"First,":[13],"capabilities":[15],"devices":[18],"are":[19,36,55,101],"limited,":[20],"which":[21],"must":[22],"be":[23,69,164,182],"considered":[24,165,183],"the":[26,106,148,174],"execution":[27],"machine":[29],"learning":[30],"(ML)-based":[31],"solutions.":[32],"Second,":[33],"many":[34],"technologies":[35,91,108],"available":[37],"realizing":[39,61],"situation-aware":[40],"capabilities,":[41],"but":[42],"comparison":[43],"and":[44,64,81,88,109,124,137,145,157],"integration":[45],"solutions":[47],"creates":[48],"additional":[49,168],"challenges.":[50],"Third,":[51],"existing":[52],"ML-based":[53,190],"models":[54],"often":[56],"not":[57],"directly":[58],"applicable":[59],"custom":[62],"applications,":[63],"model(s)":[65],"may":[66,163],"need":[67],"to":[68],"re-trained":[70],"with":[71],"new":[72],"data.":[73],"The":[74,112],"contribution":[75],"this":[77],"paper":[78],"efficiency":[80,113],"feasibility":[82,104],"evaluation":[83,114,187],"human":[85,119,158],"pose":[86,120,159],"recognition":[87,121],"object":[89,125],"detection":[90,126],"environment.":[95],"Several":[96],"lessons":[97],"learnt":[98],"covering":[99],"constraints":[100],"presented":[102],"regarding":[103],"experimented":[107],"data":[110,192],"sets.":[111],"results":[115],"indicated":[116],"that":[117],"simultaneous":[118],"(Google\u2019s":[122],"Movenet)":[123],"(Yolov5)":[127],"on":[128],"Jetson":[129],"AGX":[130],"Xavier":[131],"achieved":[132],"~13-16":[133],"FPS,":[134],"while":[135],"GPU":[136],"CPU":[138],"utilization":[139],"remained":[140,150],"at":[141],"a":[142,185,189],"medium":[143],"level,":[144],"most":[146],"memory":[149],"unused":[151],"(<":[152],"44":[153],"%).":[154],"Object":[155],"concept":[156,160],"activation":[161],"algorithms":[162],"as":[166,184],"an":[167],"contribution.":[169],"Realized":[170],"architecture":[171],"design":[172],"prototyped":[175],"system":[176],"multiple":[178],"environments":[180],"can":[181],"partial":[186],"big":[191],"reference":[193],"architecture.":[194]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-07-15T18:14:33.161393","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}