{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4385819662","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2023.3304647","title":"A Novel Differential Protection Scheme for Distribution Lines Under Weak Synchronization Conditions Considering DG Characteristics","display_name":"A Novel Differential Protection Scheme for Distribution Lines Under Weak Synchronization Conditions Considering DG Characteristics","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4385819662","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2023.3304647"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2023.3304647","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2023.3304647","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/10216290.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/10216290.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5063152451","display_name":"Wei Jin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7462-2705"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I25757504","display_name":"China University of Mining and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01xt2dr21","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I25757504"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Wei Jin","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou, China","Jiangsu Laboratory of Coal Mine Electrical and Automation Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I25757504"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Jiangsu Laboratory of Coal Mine Electrical and Automation Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I25757504"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102734909","display_name":"Shuo Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0007-2150-8603"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I25757504","display_name":"China University of Mining and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01xt2dr21","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I25757504"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shuo Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I25757504"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5029587145","display_name":"Jian Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6509-4595"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I25757504","display_name":"China University of Mining and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01xt2dr21","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I25757504"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jian Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I25757504"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102545044","display_name":"Mengqiang Feng","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I25757504","display_name":"China University of Mining and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01xt2dr21","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I25757504"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mengqiang Feng","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I25757504"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102791481","display_name":"Shiguang Feng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0009-7648-5036"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I25757504","display_name":"China University of Mining and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01xt2dr21","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I25757504"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shiguang Feng","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I25757504"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5023096174","display_name":"Yuping Lu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8113-7652"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76569877","display_name":"Southeast University","ror":"https://ror.org/04ct4d772","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76569877"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yuping Lu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76569877"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5063152451"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I25757504"],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":1.995,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":11,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.86409746,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"11","issue":null,"first_page":"86561","last_page":"86574"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10972","display_name":"Power Systems Fault Detection","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10972","display_name":"Power Systems Fault Detection","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13183","display_name":"Islanding Detection in Power Systems","score":0.9991000294685364,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10917","display_name":"Smart Grid Security and Resilience","score":0.9901999831199646,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/synchronization","display_name":"Synchronization (alternating current)","score":0.6595373153686523},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5601090788841248},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/differential-protection","display_name":"Differential protection","score":0.5439836978912354},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/differential","display_name":"Differential (mechanical device)","score":0.5229117274284363},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control-theory","display_name":"Control theory (sociology)","score":0.5000262260437012},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/waveform","display_name":"Waveform","score":0.49495214223861694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fault","display_name":"Fault (geology)","score":0.4847516715526581},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/power-system-protection","display_name":"Power-system protection","score":0.4596976041793823},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-synchronization","display_name":"Data synchronization","score":0.4492560029029846},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/topology","display_name":"Topology (electrical circuits)","score":0.399842768907547},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.3553396165370941},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/power","display_name":"Power (physics)","score":0.32937341928482056},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electric-power-system","display_name":"Electric power system","score":0.32703036069869995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/voltage","display_name":"Voltage","score":0.23630103468894958},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.17874816060066223},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.14245682954788208},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.12998422980308533},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transformer","display_name":"Transformer","score":0.11458170413970947},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/channel","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","score":0.11105659604072571},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless-sensor-network","display_name":"Wireless sensor network","score":0.10092762112617493}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778562939","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1298791","display_name":"Synchronization (alternating current)","level":3,"score":0.6595373153686523},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5601090788841248},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2986957705","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1756067","display_name":"Differential protection","level":4,"score":0.5439836978912354},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C93226319","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193137","display_name":"Differential (mechanical device)","level":2,"score":0.5229117274284363},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47446073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5165890","display_name":"Control theory (sociology)","level":3,"score":0.5000262260437012},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C197424946","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1165717","display_name":"Waveform","level":3,"score":0.49495214223861694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C175551986","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47089","display_name":"Fault (geology)","level":2,"score":0.4847516715526581},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38361682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1756067","display_name":"Power-system protection","level":4,"score":0.4596976041793823},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108734733","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1172333","display_name":"Data synchronization","level":3,"score":0.4492560029029846},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184720557","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7825049","display_name":"Topology (electrical circuits)","level":2,"score":0.399842768907547},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.3553396165370941},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.32937341928482056},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89227174","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2388981","display_name":"Electric power system","level":3,"score":0.32703036069869995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165801399","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25428","display_name":"Voltage","level":2,"score":0.23630103468894958},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.17874816060066223},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.14245682954788208},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.12998422980308533},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C66322947","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11658","display_name":"Transformer","level":3,"score":0.11458170413970947},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127162648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16858953","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","level":2,"score":0.11105659604072571},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24590314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q336038","display_name":"Wireless sensor network","level":2,"score":0.10092762112617493},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C554190296","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47528","display_name":"Radar","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165205528","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q83371","display_name":"Seismology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775924081","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q55608371","display_name":"Control (management)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C146978453","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3798668","display_name":"Aerospace engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2023.3304647","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2023.3304647","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/10216290.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:72ebf6f9f5ad4f27a5faf5db619a9372","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/72ebf6f9f5ad4f27a5faf5db619a9372","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 11, Pp 86561-86574 (2023)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2023.3304647","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2023.3304647","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/10216290.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3769627235","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2021QN1067","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335787","funder_display_name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8951484681","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Grant","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335787","funder_display_name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320323154","display_name":"China University of Mining and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01xt2dr21"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335787","display_name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4385819662.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4385819662.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":15,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2294185624","https://openalex.org/W2552606561","https://openalex.org/W2588875623","https://openalex.org/W2750867528","https://openalex.org/W2791826622","https://openalex.org/W2803809078","https://openalex.org/W2811229591","https://openalex.org/W2923747994","https://openalex.org/W2947721166","https://openalex.org/W3015162072","https://openalex.org/W3033695985","https://openalex.org/W4211202691","https://openalex.org/W4230888279","https://openalex.org/W4366724558","https://openalex.org/W6733629322"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2027357437","https://openalex.org/W2014622309","https://openalex.org/W2123134332","https://openalex.org/W2548702785","https://openalex.org/W2157126534","https://openalex.org/W2118487515","https://openalex.org/W2368252421","https://openalex.org/W1592820837","https://openalex.org/W78899842","https://openalex.org/W2158673508"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"A":[0],"large":[1],"number":[2],"of":[3,30,70,76,93,98,109,130,138,174,201,247],"DGs(distributed":[4],"generators)":[5],"in":[6,114,198,229],"the":[7,17,28,39,51,66,85,87,91,118,127,131,139,180,190,202,210,220,230],"ADN":[8],"(active":[9],"distribution":[10,263],"network":[11],")":[12],"brings":[13],"great":[14,217],"uncertainty":[15],"to":[16,23,46,61,219,224,237,249],"power":[18],"systems":[19],"making":[20],"it":[21,214,233],"difficult":[22,60,83],"quantify":[24],"fault":[25,94,110],"characteristics.":[26],"Undoubtedly,":[27],"setting":[29],"traditional":[31],"protection":[32,41,53,103,148,253],"becomes":[33],"more":[34],"complex":[35],"and":[36,90,205],"difficult.":[37],"Therefore,":[38],"differential":[40,52,102,147,212],"is":[42,59,80,112,160,227],"an":[43],"effective":[44],"solution":[45],"cope":[47],"with":[48,209,265],"it.":[49],"However,":[50],"requires":[54],"high":[55],"time":[56,238,244],"synchronization,":[57],"which":[58,159,177,226,241],"be":[62],"satisfied":[63],"based":[64,161],"on":[65,162],"current":[67,120,132],"communication":[68,267],"conditions":[69,153],"ADN.":[71],"What\u2019s":[72],"more,":[73],"accurate":[74],"extraction":[75],"fundamental":[77],"frequency":[78,88,164],"components":[79],"also":[81,215],"very":[82],"considering":[84,150],"distortion,":[86],"offset,":[89],"instability":[92],"currents.":[95],"In":[96],"view":[97],"this,":[99],"a":[100,145],"new":[101,146],"scheme":[104,149,168,192,254],"that":[105,189],"makes":[106],"full":[107],"use":[108],"information":[111],"proposed":[113,167,191,252],"this":[115],"paper.":[116],"First,":[117],"pre-fault":[119],"waveforms":[121],"are":[122,141,154],"taken":[123],"as":[124],"reference.":[125],"Then":[126],"similarity":[128],"characteristics":[129],"waveform":[133],"sequences":[134],"at":[135],"both":[136],"ends":[137],"line":[140,204],"calculated":[142],"separately.":[143],"Finally,":[144],"weak":[151,266],"synchronization":[152,185,239,245],"constructed":[155],"using":[156],"Hausdorff":[157],"distance,":[158],"wide":[163],"components.":[165],"The":[166,251],"only":[169],"transmits":[170],"calculation":[171],"results":[172],"instead":[173],"sampling":[175],"values,":[176],"effectively":[178],"avoids":[179],"impact":[181],"caused":[182],"by":[183],"data":[184],"errors.":[186],"Simulation":[187],"shows":[188,216],"can":[193,242],"reliably":[194],"identify":[195],"internal":[196],"faults":[197],"various":[199],"points":[200],"protected":[203],"external":[206],"faults.":[207],"Compared":[208],"conventional":[211],"protection,":[213],"resistance":[218,222,236],"transition":[221],"up":[223,248],"30\u03a9,":[225],"common":[228],"ADNs.":[231],"Moreover,":[232],"has":[234,255],"strong":[235],"errors,":[240],"withstand":[243],"errors":[246],"20ms.":[250],"excellent":[256],"engineering":[257],"application":[258],"value,":[259],"especially":[260],"suitable":[261],"for":[262],"networks":[264],"conditions.":[268]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-04-10T15:06:20.359241","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
