{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4385731885","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2023.3304236","title":"Machine Learning in ADHD and Depression Mental Health Diagnosis: A Survey","display_name":"Machine Learning in ADHD and Depression Mental Health Diagnosis: A Survey","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4385731885","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2023.3304236"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2023.3304236","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2023.3304236","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/10214293.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/10214293.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5025209323","display_name":"Christian Nash","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I84884186","display_name":"Newcastle University","ror":"https://ror.org/01kj2bm70","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I84884186"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Christian Nash","raw_affiliation_strings":["Intelligent Sensing and Communications Group, School of Engineering, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, U.K"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8184-1263","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Intelligent Sensing and Communications Group, School of Engineering, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I84884186"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5004778251","display_name":"Rajesh Nair","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I240202130","display_name":"Cumbria Northumberland Tyne and Wear NHS Foundation Trust","ror":"https://ror.org/01ajv0n48","country_code":"GB","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I240202130"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rajesh Nair","raw_affiliation_strings":["Adult ADHD Services, Cumbria, Northumberland, Tyne and Wear, NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne, U.K"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Adult ADHD Services, Cumbria, Northumberland, Tyne and Wear, NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne, U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I240202130"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5053121936","display_name":"Syed Mohsen Naqvi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1547-0908"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I84884186","display_name":"Newcastle University","ror":"https://ror.org/01kj2bm70","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I84884186"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Syed Mohsen Naqvi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Intelligent Sensing and Communications Group, School of Engineering, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, U.K"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1547-0908","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Intelligent Sensing and Communications Group, School of Engineering, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I84884186"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":7.3256,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":37,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.98073154,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":99,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"11","issue":null,"first_page":"86297","last_page":"86317"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10537","display_name":"Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder","score":0.9988999962806702,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2738","display_name":"Psychiatry and Mental health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10537","display_name":"Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder","score":0.9988999962806702,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2738","display_name":"Psychiatry and Mental health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10429","display_name":"EEG and Brain-Computer Interfaces","score":0.9969000220298767,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10241","display_name":"Functional Brain Connectivity Studies","score":0.9966999888420105,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mental-health","display_name":"Mental health","score":0.7314199209213257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/modalities","display_name":"Modalities","score":0.6786175966262817},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/depression","display_name":"Depression (economics)","score":0.6555699110031128},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wearable-computer","display_name":"Wearable computer","score":0.5472084283828735},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychiatry","display_name":"Psychiatry","score":0.5396568775177002},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/attention-deficit-hyperactivity-disorder","display_name":"Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder","score":0.5184630751609802},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychology","display_name":"Psychology","score":0.46372362971305847},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electroencephalography","display_name":"Electroencephalography","score":0.4200563430786133},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/major-depressive-disorder","display_name":"Major depressive disorder","score":0.41037940979003906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/clinical-psychology","display_name":"Clinical psychology","score":0.34980207681655884},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.32653582096099854},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.32377880811691284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.26381367444992065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mood","display_name":"Mood","score":0.259394109249115}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134362201","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q317309","display_name":"Mental health","level":2,"score":0.7314199209213257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779903281","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6888026","display_name":"Modalities","level":2,"score":0.6786175966262817},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776867660","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1814941","display_name":"Depression (economics)","level":2,"score":0.6555699110031128},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C150594956","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1334829","display_name":"Wearable computer","level":2,"score":0.5472084283828735},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118552586","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7867","display_name":"Psychiatry","level":1,"score":0.5396568775177002},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780783007","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181923","display_name":"Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder","level":2,"score":0.5184630751609802},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.46372362971305847},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C522805319","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q179965","display_name":"Electroencephalography","level":2,"score":0.4200563430786133},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780051608","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42844","display_name":"Major depressive disorder","level":3,"score":0.41037940979003906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C70410870","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199906","display_name":"Clinical psychology","level":1,"score":0.34980207681655884},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.32653582096099854},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.32377880811691284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.26381367444992065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780733359","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q331769","display_name":"Mood","level":2,"score":0.259394109249115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C139719470","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39680","display_name":"Macroeconomics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149635348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193040","display_name":"Embedded system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36289849","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q34749","display_name":"Social science","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2023.3304236","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2023.3304236","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/10214293.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:e743eb879cff4d57a9bac016d787ed1b","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/e743eb879cff4d57a9bac016d787ed1b","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 11, Pp 86297-86317 (2023)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:eprints.ncl.ac.uk:287640","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://eprints.ncl.ac.uk/287640","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402485","display_name":"Newcastle University ePrints (Newcastle Univesity)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I84884186","host_organization_name":"Newcastle University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I84884186"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":""}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2023.3304236","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2023.3304236","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/10214293.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4385731885.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4385731885.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":141,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W34394698","https://openalex.org/W1454884387","https://openalex.org/W1823928250","https://openalex.org/W1879995557","https://openalex.org/W1952758786","https://openalex.org/W1974028377","https://openalex.org/W1974316717","https://openalex.org/W1976066595","https://openalex.org/W1983030849","https://openalex.org/W1995992667","https://openalex.org/W2012082074","https://openalex.org/W2015205890","https://openalex.org/W2037665165","https://openalex.org/W2042891941","https://openalex.org/W2043699623","https://openalex.org/W2056403322","https://openalex.org/W2075529349","https://openalex.org/W2098378173","https://openalex.org/W2132322340","https://openalex.org/W2141938647","https://openalex.org/W2149529912","https://openalex.org/W2155830939","https://openalex.org/W2183896607","https://openalex.org/W2222292469","https://openalex.org/W2280778245","https://openalex.org/W2322863030","https://openalex.org/W2337802099","https://openalex.org/W2398269046","https://openalex.org/W2401585477","https://openalex.org/W2401962442","https://openalex.org/W2513975684","https://openalex.org/W2559501921","https://openalex.org/W2561837554","https://openalex.org/W2570412145","https://openalex.org/W2615075516","https://openalex.org/W2734935247","https://openalex.org/W2759776310","https://openalex.org/W2762517398","https://openalex.org/W2773725051","https://openalex.org/W2782303738","https://openalex.org/W2788029111","https://openalex.org/W2792585108","https://openalex.org/W2796628924","https://openalex.org/W2800428573","https://openalex.org/W2800833042","https://openalex.org/W2805409402","https://openalex.org/W2883943146","https://openalex.org/W2891155597","https://openalex.org/W2891623914","https://openalex.org/W2893536541","https://openalex.org/W2896134990","https://openalex.org/W2912581524","https://openalex.org/W2913434130","https://openalex.org/W2916882487","https://openalex.org/W2923774928","https://openalex.org/W2944224170","https://openalex.org/W2945343731","https://openalex.org/W2946763314","https://openalex.org/W2947343305","https://openalex.org/W2957822178","https://openalex.org/W2963192978","https://openalex.org/W2974134261","https://openalex.org/W2975758053","https://openalex.org/W2981213257","https://openalex.org/W2985355520","https://openalex.org/W2986572002","https://openalex.org/W2987390186","https://openalex.org/W2990825125","https://openalex.org/W2999521969","https://openalex.org/W3000005473","https://openalex.org/W3000211686","https://openalex.org/W3003265860","https://openalex.org/W3003850414","https://openalex.org/W3004404036","https://openalex.org/W3013728330","https://openalex.org/W3014039739","https://openalex.org/W3021203631","https://openalex.org/W3024978316","https://openalex.org/W3026469046","https://openalex.org/W3029036868","https://openalex.org/W3035700758","https://openalex.org/W3036914761","https://openalex.org/W3039970141","https://openalex.org/W3043456897","https://openalex.org/W3044957499","https://openalex.org/W3045752121","https://openalex.org/W3083067908","https://openalex.org/W3088436919","https://openalex.org/W3089168780","https://openalex.org/W3089972783","https://openalex.org/W3090066327","https://openalex.org/W3090517981","https://openalex.org/W3091839024","https://openalex.org/W3092122685","https://openalex.org/W3094097183","https://openalex.org/W3095909712","https://openalex.org/W3096787830","https://openalex.org/W3097543391","https://openalex.org/W3097714661","https://openalex.org/W3101908127","https://openalex.org/W3105495164","https://openalex.org/W3110389173","https://openalex.org/W3112952980","https://openalex.org/W3114992032","https://openalex.org/W3117186077","https://openalex.org/W3119714845","https://openalex.org/W3120136139","https://openalex.org/W3121117531","https://openalex.org/W3126085817","https://openalex.org/W3129391793","https://openalex.org/W3132099480","https://openalex.org/W3133650345","https://openalex.org/W3150247581","https://openalex.org/W3152475791","https://openalex.org/W3155665398","https://openalex.org/W3157063101","https://openalex.org/W3157219251","https://openalex.org/W3159577154","https://openalex.org/W3165790662","https://openalex.org/W3170549022","https://openalex.org/W3171592962","https://openalex.org/W3185872781","https://openalex.org/W3186943679","https://openalex.org/W3187386453","https://openalex.org/W3197727525","https://openalex.org/W3201149653","https://openalex.org/W3206645122","https://openalex.org/W3208016313","https://openalex.org/W3216108096","https://openalex.org/W4200397477","https://openalex.org/W4205749015","https://openalex.org/W4206144048","https://openalex.org/W4206280419","https://openalex.org/W4220710236","https://openalex.org/W4224087309","https://openalex.org/W4244883719","https://openalex.org/W4250079444","https://openalex.org/W4292806894","https://openalex.org/W4293252684","https://openalex.org/W6713227583","https://openalex.org/W6783481695"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2185469136","https://openalex.org/W2922348724","https://openalex.org/W200322357","https://openalex.org/W2130428257","https://openalex.org/W4308951944","https://openalex.org/W4306353150","https://openalex.org/W8219677","https://openalex.org/W2168054807","https://openalex.org/W2058990474","https://openalex.org/W4312960290"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"paper":[1],"explores":[2],"the":[3,33,37,41,47,52,62,103,143,150,188],"current":[4],"machine":[5,106,159],"learning":[6,107,160],"based":[7,161],"methods":[8],"used":[9],"to":[10,32,108,148,168,176,186],"identify":[11,109],"Attention":[12],"Deficit":[13],"Hyperactivity":[14],"Disorder":[15],"(ADHD)":[16],"and":[17,25,111,116,121,136,155,172],"depression":[18,26,60,112,156],"in":[19,192],"humans.":[20],"Prevalence":[21],"of":[22,36,46,72,89,105],"mental":[23,53,65,83,139],"ADHD":[24,77,110,154],"is":[27,57,61,78,146,180],"increasing":[28,48],"worldwide,":[29],"partly":[30],"due":[31],"devastating":[34],"impact":[35],"COVID-19":[38],"pandemic":[39],"for":[40,119,157,183],"latter":[42],"but":[43],"also":[44,79],"because":[45],"demand":[49],"placed":[50],"on":[51,142,153],"health":[54,66,84,140],"services.":[55],"It":[56],"known":[58],"that":[59],"most":[63],"common":[64],"condition,":[67,85],"affecting":[68,86],"an":[69],"estimated":[70],"19.7%":[71],"people":[73],"aged":[74],"over":[75],"16.":[76],"a":[80,98,158,173,181],"very":[81],"prevalent":[82],"approximately":[87],"7.2%":[88],"all":[90],"age":[91],"groups,":[92],"with":[93],"this":[94],"being":[95],"conceived":[96],"as":[97],"conservative":[99],"estimate.":[100],"We":[101],"explore":[102],"use":[104],"using":[113],"different":[114],"wearable":[115],"non-wearable":[117],"modalities":[118,124],"training":[120],"testing.":[122],"These":[123],"include":[125],"functional":[126],"Magnetic":[127],"Resonance":[128],"Imagery":[129],"(fMRI),":[130],"Electroencephalography":[131],"(EEG),":[132],"Medical":[133],"Notes,":[134],"Video":[135],"Speech.":[137],"With":[138,166],"awareness":[141],"rise,":[144],"it":[145],"necessary":[147],"survey":[149],"existing":[151],"literature":[152],"reliable":[162],"Artificial":[163],"Intelligence":[164],"(AI).":[165],"access":[167],"in-person":[169],"clinics":[170],"limited":[171],"paradigm":[174],"shift":[175],"remote":[177],"consultations,":[178],"there":[179],"need":[182],"AI-based":[184],"technology":[185],"support":[187],"healthcare":[189],"bodies,":[190],"particularly":[191],"developed":[193],"countries.":[194]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":18},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":15}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}