{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4385695919","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2023.3303486","title":"Infrared Small Target Detection Method Based on Frequency Domain Clutter Suppression and Spatial Feature Extraction","display_name":"Infrared Small Target Detection Method Based on Frequency Domain Clutter Suppression and Spatial Feature Extraction","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4385695919","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2023.3303486"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2023.3303486","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2023.3303486","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/10214008.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/10214008.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5014190107","display_name":"Chengpeng Duan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0361-8258"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210144662","display_name":"Xi'an Institute of Optics and Precision Mechanics","ror":"https://ror.org/0444j5556","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210144662"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210165038","display_name":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/05qbk4x57","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210165038"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chengpeng Duan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Xi’an Institute of Optics and Precision Mechanics of CAS, Xi’an, China","University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Xi’an Institute of Optics and Precision Mechanics of CAS, Xi’an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210144662"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210165038"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5003856741","display_name":"Bingliang Hu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3216-5013"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210144662","display_name":"Xi'an Institute of Optics and Precision Mechanics","ror":"https://ror.org/0444j5556","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210144662"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210165038","display_name":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/05qbk4x57","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210165038"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bingliang Hu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Xi’an Institute of Optics and Precision Mechanics of CAS, Xi’an, China","University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3216-5013","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Xi’an Institute of Optics and Precision Mechanics of CAS, Xi’an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210144662"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210165038"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5083285433","display_name":"Wei Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0341-006X"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wei Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Xi’an Institute of Lead IR Technology Company Ltd, Xi’an, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Xi’an Institute of Lead IR Technology Company Ltd, Xi’an, China","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5088374868","display_name":"Tianlei Ma","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2414-8926"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I38877650","display_name":"Zhengzhou University","ror":"https://ror.org/04ypx8c21","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I38877650"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tianlei Ma","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical and Information Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China","The School of Electrical and Information Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2414-8926","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical and Information Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I38877650"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"The School of Electrical and Information Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I38877650"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5051621237","display_name":"Qi Ma","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5118-4650"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I38877650","display_name":"Zhengzhou University","ror":"https://ror.org/04ypx8c21","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I38877650"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Qi Ma","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical and Information Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China","The School of Electrical and Information Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5118-4650","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical and Information Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I38877650"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"The School of Electrical and Information Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I38877650"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101417293","display_name":"Hao Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0004-1410-9733"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I38877650","display_name":"Zhengzhou University","ror":"https://ror.org/04ypx8c21","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I38877650"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hao Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical and Information Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China","The School of Electrical and Information Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0004-1410-9733","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical and Information Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I38877650"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"The School of Electrical and Information Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I38877650"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":10.923,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":15,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.97713267,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"11","issue":null,"first_page":"85549","last_page":"85560"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12389","display_name":"Infrared Target Detection Methodologies","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12389","display_name":"Infrared Target Detection Methodologies","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11856","display_name":"Thermography and Photoacoustic Techniques","score":0.9965000152587891,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2211","display_name":"Mechanics of Materials"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/clutter","display_name":"Clutter","score":0.8332391381263733},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7795404195785522},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.7794162631034851},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature-extraction","display_name":"Feature extraction","score":0.6620242595672607},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.6419534087181091},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/frequency-domain","display_name":"Frequency domain","score":0.5948238968849182},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/discrete-cosine-transform","display_name":"Discrete cosine transform","score":0.557212233543396},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.4974212944507599},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/object-detection","display_name":"Object detection","score":0.4861559569835663},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","score":0.4779118001461029},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spatial-frequency","display_name":"Spatial frequency","score":0.475000262260437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/deep-learning","display_name":"Deep learning","score":0.4665854573249817},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/interference","display_name":"Interference (communication)","score":0.42205724120140076},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radar","display_name":"Radar","score":0.33224228024482727},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","score":0.1663913130760193},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/channel","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","score":0.10813033580780029},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.09008479118347168}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C132094186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q641585","display_name":"Clutter","level":3,"score":0.8332391381263733},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7795404195785522},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.7794162631034851},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52622490","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1026626","display_name":"Feature extraction","level":2,"score":0.6620242595672607},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.6419534087181091},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19118579","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q786423","display_name":"Frequency domain","level":2,"score":0.5948238968849182},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2221639","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2877","display_name":"Discrete cosine transform","level":3,"score":0.557212233543396},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.4974212944507599},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776151529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3045304","display_name":"Object detection","level":3,"score":0.4861559569835663},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776401178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12050496","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.4779118001461029},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C100921725","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1650811","display_name":"Spatial frequency","level":2,"score":0.475000262260437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108583219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q197536","display_name":"Deep learning","level":2,"score":0.4665854573249817},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C32022120","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q797225","display_name":"Interference (communication)","level":3,"score":0.42205724120140076},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C554190296","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47528","display_name":"Radar","level":2,"score":0.33224228024482727},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.1663913130760193},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127162648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16858953","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","level":2,"score":0.10813033580780029},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.09008479118347168},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2023.3303486","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2023.3303486","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/10214008.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:bc3184cea3d041cfa58519e83f61393a","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/bc3184cea3d041cfa58519e83f61393a","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 11, Pp 85549-85560 (2023)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2023.3303486","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2023.3303486","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/10214008.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4385695919.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4385695919.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":36,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1901129140","https://openalex.org/W1978993121","https://openalex.org/W2031614119","https://openalex.org/W2041560658","https://openalex.org/W2067341428","https://openalex.org/W2093650732","https://openalex.org/W2119293553","https://openalex.org/W2194775991","https://openalex.org/W2289943644","https://openalex.org/W2399426379","https://openalex.org/W2499656830","https://openalex.org/W2537662059","https://openalex.org/W2752782242","https://openalex.org/W2780677785","https://openalex.org/W2884585870","https://openalex.org/W2900684139","https://openalex.org/W2963794428","https://openalex.org/W2967326794","https://openalex.org/W2970169987","https://openalex.org/W2991758591","https://openalex.org/W2996085728","https://openalex.org/W3034771037","https://openalex.org/W3118934234","https://openalex.org/W3133742914","https://openalex.org/W3136492254","https://openalex.org/W3212201356","https://openalex.org/W4205894295","https://openalex.org/W4226043641","https://openalex.org/W4285799044","https://openalex.org/W4292337114","https://openalex.org/W4313065862","https://openalex.org/W4317038477","https://openalex.org/W4376607843","https://openalex.org/W6639824700","https://openalex.org/W6754427640","https://openalex.org/W6840307048"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2130674020","https://openalex.org/W2093748878","https://openalex.org/W2333771223","https://openalex.org/W2120056845","https://openalex.org/W1981531423","https://openalex.org/W1916685473","https://openalex.org/W2055682261","https://openalex.org/W1679012645","https://openalex.org/W2070318884","https://openalex.org/W2011939812"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"With":[0],"the":[1,7,89,97,107,120,124,128,136],"continuous":[2],"development":[3],"of":[4,9],"infrared":[5,10,16,33,40,85,92],"technology,":[6],"application":[8],"imagery":[11,17],"is":[12,71,94,111,132],"increasingly":[13],"widespread.":[14],"Nonetheless,":[15],"suffers":[18],"from":[19],"low":[20,60],"contrast":[21],"and":[22,31,59,79,122,139,150,161,165,172,183,188],"high":[23],"noise":[24],"characteristics,":[25],"making":[26,169],"it":[27,170],"challenging":[28],"to":[29,55,83,117,135,152],"detect":[30,84],"recognize":[32],"small":[34,86],"targets.":[35,87],"Frequently,":[36],"existing":[37,189],"deep":[38,68,190],"learning-based":[39,69],"target":[41],"detection":[42,61,154,159,178],"methods":[43],"solely":[44],"employ":[45],"spatial":[46,80,90,137,147],"information,":[47,51],"neglecting":[48],"frequency":[49,75,98,108],"domain":[50,76,91,99,109,138],"thereby":[52,168],"creating":[53],"susceptibility":[54],"background":[56,125],"clutter":[57,77],"interference":[58],"accuracy":[62],"in":[63],"complex":[64],"scenes.":[65],"Here,":[66],"a":[67,142],"method":[70],"proposed":[72],"that":[73],"combines":[74],"suppression":[78],"feature":[81,148],"extraction":[82,149],"Firstly,":[88],"image":[93],"transformed":[95,133],"into":[96,141],"using":[100,113],"block":[101],"discrete":[102],"cosine":[103],"transform":[104],"(DCT).":[105],"Secondly,":[106],"information":[110],"filtered":[112],"an":[114],"attention":[115,130],"mechanism":[116],"adaptively":[118],"enhance":[119],"targets":[121],"suppress":[123],"clutter.":[126],"Finally,":[127],"compressed":[129],"map":[131],"back":[134],"inputted":[140],"lightweight":[143],"neural":[144],"network":[145],"for":[146],"fusion":[151],"obtain":[153],"results.":[155],"This":[156],"approach":[157],"enhances":[158],"accuracy,":[160],"reduces":[162],"computational":[163],"complexity":[164],"storage":[166],"space,":[167],"practical":[171],"deployable.":[173],"Experimental":[174],"outcomes":[175],"demonstrate":[176],"strong":[177],"capabilities":[179],"on":[180],"public":[181],"datasets,":[182],"significant":[184],"advantages":[185],"over":[186],"traditional":[187],"learning":[191],"methods.":[192]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}