{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4385569590","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2023.3301959","title":"Intelligent Reflecting Surface\u2013UAV Systems in the Internet of Things Network: A Survey","display_name":"Intelligent Reflecting Surface\u2013UAV Systems in the Internet of Things Network: A Survey","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4385569590","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2023.3301959"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2023.3301959","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2023.3301959","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/10208239.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/10208239.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5092596069","display_name":"Sarah A. Alsarayreh","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I79156528","display_name":"Universiti Tenaga Nasional","ror":"https://ror.org/03kxdn807","country_code":"MY","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I79156528","https://openalex.org/I874769580"]}],"countries":["MY"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sarah A. Alsarayreh","raw_affiliation_strings":["Electrical and Electronics Engineering Department, College of Engineering, Universiti Tenaga Nasional, Kajang, Malaysia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Electrical and Electronics Engineering Department, College of Engineering, Universiti Tenaga Nasional, Kajang, Malaysia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I79156528"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5068466678","display_name":"Nurul Asyikin Mohamed Radzi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0481-7686"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I79156528","display_name":"Universiti Tenaga Nasional","ror":"https://ror.org/03kxdn807","country_code":"MY","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I79156528","https://openalex.org/I874769580"]}],"countries":["MY"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nurul Asyikin Mohamed Radzi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Power Engineering, Electrical and Electronics Engineering Department, College of Engineering, Universiti Tenaga Nasional, Kajang, Malaysia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0481-7686","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Power Engineering, Electrical and Electronics Engineering Department, College of Engineering, Universiti Tenaga Nasional, Kajang, Malaysia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I79156528"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5032366070","display_name":"Ammar Ahmed Alkahtani","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2067-9519"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I79156528","display_name":"Universiti Tenaga Nasional","ror":"https://ror.org/03kxdn807","country_code":"MY","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I79156528","https://openalex.org/I874769580"]}],"countries":["MY"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ammar Ahmed Alkahtani","raw_affiliation_strings":["Electrical and Electronics Engineering Department, College of Engineering, Universiti Tenaga Nasional, Kajang, Malaysia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2067-9519","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Electrical and Electronics Engineering Department, College of Engineering, Universiti Tenaga Nasional, Kajang, Malaysia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I79156528"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5078202884","display_name":"Kaiyisah Hanis Mohd Azmi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9384-7264"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4576418","display_name":"University of Technology Malaysia","ror":"https://ror.org/026w31v75","country_code":"MY","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4576418"]}],"countries":["MY"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kaiyisah Hanis Mohd Azmi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electronic System Engineering, Malaysia-Japan International Institute of Technology (MJIIT), Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronic System Engineering, Malaysia-Japan International Institute of Technology (MJIIT), Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4576418"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":1.0786,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":13,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.74505364,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"11","issue":null,"first_page":"85031","last_page":"85049"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11458","display_name":"Advanced Wireless Communication Technologies","score":0.9993000030517578,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11458","display_name":"Advanced Wireless Communication Technologies","score":0.9993000030517578,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11133","display_name":"UAV Applications and Optimization","score":0.9925000071525574,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10851","display_name":"Optical Wireless Communication Technologies","score":0.9872000217437744,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/internet-of-things","display_name":"Internet of Things","score":0.6840781569480896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6242595314979553},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/the-internet","display_name":"The Internet","score":0.453104704618454},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.3758149743080139},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.345986932516098},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/human\u2013computer-interaction","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","score":0.32260000705718994},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.3004634976387024},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/world-wide-web","display_name":"World Wide Web","score":0.25351613759994507}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81860439","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q251212","display_name":"Internet of Things","level":2,"score":0.6840781569480896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6242595314979553},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110875604","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q75","display_name":"The Internet","level":2,"score":0.453104704618454},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.3758149743080139},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.345986932516098},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107457646","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207434","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","level":1,"score":0.32260000705718994},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.3004634976387024},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.25351613759994507}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2023.3301959","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2023.3301959","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/10208239.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:3c353817030944c59028bb0e938eea03","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/3c353817030944c59028bb0e938eea03","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 11, Pp 85031-85049 (2023)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2023.3301959","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2023.3301959","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/10208239.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","score":0.8999999761581421,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2055693491","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"J510050002-IC-6 BOLDRE-FRESH2025","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320319061","funder_display_name":"Tenaga Nasional Berhad"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2329974691","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"J510050002-IC-6","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320319061","funder_display_name":"Tenaga Nasional Berhad"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8030555956","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"J510050002-IC-6 BOLDREFRESH2025-Centre","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320319061","funder_display_name":"Tenaga Nasional Berhad"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320319061","display_name":"Tenaga Nasional Berhad","ror":"https://ror.org/04jjxmt88"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4385569590.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4385569590.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":112,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1980467157","https://openalex.org/W2006003504","https://openalex.org/W2024408880","https://openalex.org/W2039409843","https://openalex.org/W2042172691","https://openalex.org/W2110410941","https://openalex.org/W2118761136","https://openalex.org/W2401218707","https://openalex.org/W2531823880","https://openalex.org/W2536076834","https://openalex.org/W2580241428","https://openalex.org/W2735938380","https://openalex.org/W2759897119","https://openalex.org/W2765606903","https://openalex.org/W2803867012","https://openalex.org/W2891354184","https://openalex.org/W2896507689","https://openalex.org/W2922582638","https://openalex.org/W2941115478","https://openalex.org/W2961444239","https://openalex.org/W2969424089","https://openalex.org/W2986358680","https://openalex.org/W2990204812","https://openalex.org/W2995554704","https://openalex.org/W3002205212","https://openalex.org/W3003651800","https://openalex.org/W3008565796","https://openalex.org/W3011747750","https://openalex.org/W3019497660","https://openalex.org/W3022916026","https://openalex.org/W3024030061","https://openalex.org/W3027118737","https://openalex.org/W3030859533","https://openalex.org/W3032443072","https://openalex.org/W3035049807","https://openalex.org/W3037231455","https://openalex.org/W3042544305","https://openalex.org/W3045197138","https://openalex.org/W3045387830","https://openalex.org/W3045412016","https://openalex.org/W3051352583","https://openalex.org/W3082128362","https://openalex.org/W3084093910","https://openalex.org/W3087327441","https://openalex.org/W3092592393","https://openalex.org/W3093728622","https://openalex.org/W3094186382","https://openalex.org/W3095341834","https://openalex.org/W3100536113","https://openalex.org/W3103135626","https://openalex.org/W3113871758","https://openalex.org/W3115678238","https://openalex.org/W3126667630","https://openalex.org/W3127940641","https://openalex.org/W3129486236","https://openalex.org/W3130589441","https://openalex.org/W3131576588","https://openalex.org/W3134888006","https://openalex.org/W3135309852","https://openalex.org/W3136444669","https://openalex.org/W3146208107","https://openalex.org/W3150325820","https://openalex.org/W3157430786","https://openalex.org/W3158230545","https://openalex.org/W3167213286","https://openalex.org/W3167276032","https://openalex.org/W3167450743","https://openalex.org/W3168517868","https://openalex.org/W3172677939","https://openalex.org/W3182271573","https://openalex.org/W3187755082","https://openalex.org/W3196137277","https://openalex.org/W3198804470","https://openalex.org/W3201313454","https://openalex.org/W3204141665","https://openalex.org/W3204184545","https://openalex.org/W3204838488","https://openalex.org/W3207916696","https://openalex.org/W3211189031","https://openalex.org/W3212861310","https://openalex.org/W4200316120","https://openalex.org/W4205367286","https://openalex.org/W4207073023","https://openalex.org/W4210636886","https://openalex.org/W4210689189","https://openalex.org/W4210916635","https://openalex.org/W4214867678","https://openalex.org/W4220777603","https://openalex.org/W4221152030","https://openalex.org/W4221165980","https://openalex.org/W4221166135","https://openalex.org/W4223447468","https://openalex.org/W4225597369","https://openalex.org/W4225817403","https://openalex.org/W4225824654","https://openalex.org/W4283217152","https://openalex.org/W4284690683","https://openalex.org/W4285114087","https://openalex.org/W4285116041","https://openalex.org/W4285731275","https://openalex.org/W4285733969","https://openalex.org/W4286208747","https://openalex.org/W4288765617","https://openalex.org/W4293238711","https://openalex.org/W4310422352","https://openalex.org/W4312897898","https://openalex.org/W4313017431","https://openalex.org/W4313288712","https://openalex.org/W4327953412","https://openalex.org/W6779108959","https://openalex.org/W6799570206","https://openalex.org/W6810217955"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4245926026","https://openalex.org/W4311097251","https://openalex.org/W2586548817","https://openalex.org/W2625093826","https://openalex.org/W4200598720","https://openalex.org/W2921026492","https://openalex.org/W4247463117","https://openalex.org/W4361251261","https://openalex.org/W3031181660","https://openalex.org/W4238100021"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Intelligent":[0],"reflecting":[1],"surfaces":[2],"(IRSs)":[3],"and":[4,23,78,97,111,138,156,181],"unmanned":[5],"aerial":[6],"vehicles":[7],"(UAVs)":[8],"are":[9,84,128],"used":[10],"in":[11,40,59,153,176],"Internet":[12],"of":[13,56,151],"Things":[14],"(IoT)":[15],"networks":[16,155],"to":[17,99,171,182],"reduce":[18,36],"costs,":[19],"maximize":[20],"energy":[21,106],"efficiency,":[22,107],"provide":[24],"a":[25,30],"large":[26],"coverage":[27],"area":[28],"through":[29],"flexible":[31],"base":[32],"station.":[33],"IRS":[34,58,76,96],"can":[35],"the":[37,41,48,54,57,61,68,75,101,108,112,116,123,145,149,157,173],"power":[38],"consumption":[39],"UAV\u2019s":[42],"system,":[43],"as":[44,46],"well":[45],"increase":[47],"line-of-sight":[49],"probability.":[50],"This":[51,142,165],"paper":[52,143,166],"highlights":[53],"importance":[55],"improving":[60],"UAV":[62,69,98],"system\u2019s":[63,102,125],"performance.":[64],"It":[65],"also":[66],"discusses":[67],"components,":[70],"how":[71],"they":[72,83],"work":[73],"with":[74,161],"hardware,":[77],"their":[79,184],"working":[80],"principles":[81],"when":[82],"separated":[85],"or":[86],"integrated.":[87],"Then,":[88],"we":[89],"discuss":[90],"several":[91],"IoT":[92],"system":[93,133,179],"models":[94],"using":[95],"enhance":[100],"performance":[103],"by":[104,115],"maximizing":[105],"achievable":[109],"rate,":[110],"signal":[113],"received":[114],"user":[117],"equipment":[118],"at":[119],"ground":[120],"level.":[121],"Finally,":[122],"IRS-UAV":[124,152,178,186],"open":[126,159,174],"issues":[127,175],"explored,":[129],"which":[130],"include":[131],"some":[132],"model":[134],"scenarios,":[135],"3D-IRS-UAV":[136],"systems,":[137],"new":[139,162],"proposed":[140,163],"solutions.":[141,164],"is":[144,167],"first":[146],"study":[147],"summarizing":[148],"types":[150],"cellular":[154],"main":[158],"problems":[160],"important":[168],"for":[169,188],"researchers":[170],"understand":[172],"various":[177,189],"scenarios":[180],"develop":[183],"own":[185],"systems":[187],"5G":[190],"network":[191],"applications.":[192]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-08-01T09:00:35.917206","created_date":"2023-08-05T00:00:00"}