{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4385486256","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2023.3301140","title":"TiCTok: Time-Series Anomaly Detection With Contrastive Tokenization","display_name":"TiCTok: Time-Series Anomaly Detection With Contrastive Tokenization","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4385486256","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2023.3301140"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2023.3301140","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2023.3301140","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/10201844.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/10201844.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5031046113","display_name":"Minseo Kang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0004-6828-115X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I118373667","display_name":"Seoul National University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00chfja07","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I118373667"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Minseo Kang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electronic Engineering, Seoul National University of Science and Technology, Seoul, South Korea"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0004-6828-115X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronic Engineering, Seoul National University of Science and Technology, Seoul, South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I118373667"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5070152050","display_name":"Byunghan Lee","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6727-0975"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I118373667","display_name":"Seoul National University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00chfja07","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I118373667"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Byunghan Lee","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electronic Engineering, Seoul National University of Science and Technology, Seoul, South Korea"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6727-0975","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronic Engineering, Seoul National University of Science and Technology, Seoul, South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I118373667"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I118373667"],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":0.9678,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":6,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.8025545,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"11","issue":null,"first_page":"81011","last_page":"81020"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11512","display_name":"Anomaly Detection Techniques and Applications","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11512","display_name":"Anomaly Detection Techniques and Applications","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12205","display_name":"Time Series Analysis and Forecasting","score":0.9975000023841858,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10400","display_name":"Network Security and Intrusion Detection","score":0.9919000267982483,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8514081239700317},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/security-token","display_name":"Security token","score":0.6234988570213318},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/anomaly-detection","display_name":"Anomaly detection","score":0.5851747393608093},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5721604824066162},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lexical-analysis","display_name":"Lexical analysis","score":0.4634999930858612},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/time-series","display_name":"Time series","score":0.4618827700614929},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/benchmark","display_name":"Benchmark (surveying)","score":0.43995413184165955},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/series","display_name":"Series (stratigraphy)","score":0.43424177169799805},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.38075199723243713},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.36975035071372986}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8514081239700317},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48145219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1335365","display_name":"Security token","level":2,"score":0.6234988570213318},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C739882","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3560506","display_name":"Anomaly detection","level":2,"score":0.5851747393608093},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5721604824066162},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C176982825","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q835922","display_name":"Lexical analysis","level":2,"score":0.4634999930858612},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151406439","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q186588","display_name":"Time series","level":2,"score":0.4618827700614929},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185798385","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1161707","display_name":"Benchmark (surveying)","level":2,"score":0.43995413184165955},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C143724316","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q312468","display_name":"Series (stratigraphy)","level":2,"score":0.43424177169799805},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.38075199723243713},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.36975035071372986},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13280743","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131089","display_name":"Geodesy","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151730666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7205","display_name":"Paleontology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2023.3301140","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2023.3301140","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/10201844.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:0e7398f098aa42539b4394b4524d29ee","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/0e7398f098aa42539b4394b4524d29ee","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 11, Pp 81011-81020 (2023)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2023.3301140","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2023.3301140","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/10201844.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1072078819","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"IITP-2023-RS-2022-00156295","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320328359","funder_display_name":"Ministry of Science and ICT, South Korea"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1313026188","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"NRF-2022R1C1C1006511","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320328359","funder_display_name":"Ministry of Science and ICT, South Korea"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2349837737","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"NRF-2022R1C1C1006511","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322030","funder_display_name":"Ministry of Science, ICT and Future Planning"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4490705595","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"IITP-2023-RS-2022-00156295","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335489","funder_display_name":"Institute for Information and Communications Technology Promotion"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4700831490","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2022-","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335489","funder_display_name":"Institute for Information and Communications Technology Promotion"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320671","display_name":"National Research Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/05s0g1g46"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322030","display_name":"Ministry of Science, ICT and Future Planning","ror":"https://ror.org/032e49973"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322120","display_name":"National Research Foundation of Korea","ror":"https://ror.org/013aysd81"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320324891","display_name":"Iran Telecommunication Research Center","ror":"https://ror.org/01a3g2z22"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320328359","display_name":"Ministry of Science and ICT, South Korea","ror":"https://ror.org/01wpjm123"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335489","display_name":"Institute for Information and Communications Technology Promotion","ror":"https://ror.org/01g0hqq23"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4385486256.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4385486256.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":49,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1970088130","https://openalex.org/W2096733369","https://openalex.org/W2194775991","https://openalex.org/W2296719434","https://openalex.org/W2407991977","https://openalex.org/W2555897561","https://openalex.org/W2785362611","https://openalex.org/W2786088545","https://openalex.org/W2786827964","https://openalex.org/W2803697594","https://openalex.org/W2842511635","https://openalex.org/W2891815651","https://openalex.org/W2898322183","https://openalex.org/W2908510526","https://openalex.org/W2950361482","https://openalex.org/W2950757722","https://openalex.org/W2963166639","https://openalex.org/W2963542740","https://openalex.org/W2965433388","https://openalex.org/W3005680577","https://openalex.org/W3093787659","https://openalex.org/W3098957257","https://openalex.org/W3099971460","https://openalex.org/W3106543020","https://openalex.org/W3109518304","https://openalex.org/W3119781401","https://openalex.org/W3167980488","https://openalex.org/W3170937175","https://openalex.org/W3170981104","https://openalex.org/W3204263062","https://openalex.org/W4254182148","https://openalex.org/W4281388377","https://openalex.org/W4281752007","https://openalex.org/W4283069166","https://openalex.org/W4289528726","https://openalex.org/W4297808394","https://openalex.org/W4320930577","https://openalex.org/W6730323794","https://openalex.org/W6746023985","https://openalex.org/W6748102297","https://openalex.org/W6751494907","https://openalex.org/W6754676262","https://openalex.org/W6757817989","https://openalex.org/W6774314701","https://openalex.org/W6784869275","https://openalex.org/W6796682463","https://openalex.org/W6802061597","https://openalex.org/W6838755211","https://openalex.org/W6838819770"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4405003489","https://openalex.org/W2378211422","https://openalex.org/W4386014872","https://openalex.org/W4321353415","https://openalex.org/W2745001401","https://openalex.org/W1847536016","https://openalex.org/W4361193986","https://openalex.org/W3149094754","https://openalex.org/W4298195702","https://openalex.org/W2945402993"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Detecting":[0],"anomalies":[1],"in":[2,10,24,117,145],"multivariate":[3],"time-series":[4,55,61,72,78],"data":[5,79],"is":[6],"an":[7],"important":[8],"task":[9],"various":[11],"real":[12],"world":[13],"applications.":[14],"Recent":[15],"advances":[16],"using":[17],"deep":[18],"learning":[19,36,95],"have":[20,30],"shown":[21,31],"promising":[22],"results":[23],"this":[25],"area.":[26],"Nowadays,":[27],"Transformer-based":[28],"models":[29],"outstanding":[32],"performance":[33,133],"and":[34,93],"contrastive":[35,66,94,114],"has":[37],"emerged":[38],"as":[39],"a":[40,60,71,106],"powerful":[41],"technique":[42],"for":[43],"representation":[44],"learning,":[45],"however,":[46],"it":[47],"may":[48],"not":[49],"be":[50],"directly":[51],"applicable":[52],"to":[53,75,96,122,135],"the":[54,113,118,126,136],"domain.":[56],"Here,":[57],"we":[58,104],"propose":[59,70,105],"anomaly":[62,108],"detection":[63],"model":[64,128],"with":[65],"tokenization":[67],"(TiCTok).":[68],"We":[69,88],"token":[73,91],"encoder":[74,92],"transform":[76],"raw":[77],"into":[80],"latent":[81,100],"embeddings":[82],"containing":[83],"high-level":[84],"wide-range":[85],"temporal":[86],"information.":[87],"exploit":[89],"both":[90],"produce":[97],"high":[98],"quality":[99],"embeddings.":[101],"In":[102],"addition,":[103],"novel":[107],"scoring":[109],"method":[110],"simply":[111],"utilizing":[112],"loss":[115],"used":[116,142],"training":[119],"phase.":[120],"According":[121],"our":[123],"experimental":[124],"results,":[125],"proposed":[127],"achieved":[129],"better":[130],"or":[131],"comparable":[132],"compared":[134],"previous":[137],"state-of-the-art":[138],"on":[139],"five":[140],"widely":[141],"benchmark":[143],"datasets":[144],"terms":[146],"of":[147],"F1-score.":[148]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-06-26T08:34:08.712188","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
