{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4385453572","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2023.3300960","title":"5G Millimeter Wave Network Optimization: Dual Connectivity and Power Allocation Strategy","display_name":"5G Millimeter Wave Network Optimization: Dual Connectivity and Power Allocation Strategy","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4385453572","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2023.3300960"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2023.3300960","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2023.3300960","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/10198445.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/10198445.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5023596076","display_name":"Abdulhalim Fayad","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4933-766X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I29770179","display_name":"Budapest University of Technology and Economics","ror":"https://ror.org/02w42ss30","country_code":"HU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I29770179"]}],"countries":["HU"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Abdulhalim Fayad","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Telecommunications and Media Informatics, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Budapest, Hungary"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Telecommunications and Media Informatics, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Budapest, Hungary","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I29770179"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5023288330","display_name":"Tibor Cinkler","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3605-445X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I29770179","display_name":"Budapest University of Technology and Economics","ror":"https://ror.org/02w42ss30","country_code":"HU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I29770179"]}],"countries":["HU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tibor Cinkler","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Telecommunications and Media Informatics, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Budapest, Hungary"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Telecommunications and Media Informatics, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Budapest, Hungary","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I29770179"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5090832756","display_name":"Jacek Rak","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7276-6097"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jacek Rak","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Communications, Gdańsk University of Technology, Gdańsk, Poland"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Communications, Gdańsk University of Technology, Gdańsk, Poland","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5023596076"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I29770179"],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":2.0854,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":16,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.8729013,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":98,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"11","issue":null,"first_page":"82079","last_page":"82094"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10936","display_name":"Millimeter-Wave Propagation and Modeling","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10936","display_name":"Millimeter-Wave Propagation and Modeling","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10148","display_name":"Advanced MIMO Systems Optimization","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13905","display_name":"Telecommunications and Broadcasting Technologies","score":0.9932000041007996,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2214","display_name":"Media Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7844250202178955},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/heuristics","display_name":"Heuristics","score":0.6589757800102234},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/base-station","display_name":"Base station","score":0.6067055463790894},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematical-optimization","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","score":0.5689393281936646},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/simulated-annealing","display_name":"Simulated annealing","score":0.5424653887748718},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/greedy-algorithm","display_name":"Greedy algorithm","score":0.5286356210708618},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scalability","display_name":"Scalability","score":0.5050752758979797},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/integer-programming","display_name":"Integer programming","score":0.49901914596557617},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cellular-network","display_name":"Cellular network","score":0.4498611092567444},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/distributed-computing","display_name":"Distributed computing","score":0.4192355275154114},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.41396385431289673},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.2736477553844452},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.13020405173301697}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7844250202178955},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127705205","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5748245","display_name":"Heuristics","level":2,"score":0.6589757800102234},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C68649174","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1379116","display_name":"Base station","level":2,"score":0.6067055463790894},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126255220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141495","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","level":1,"score":0.5689393281936646},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126980161","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q863783","display_name":"Simulated annealing","level":2,"score":0.5424653887748718},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C51823790","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q504353","display_name":"Greedy algorithm","level":2,"score":0.5286356210708618},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48044578","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q727490","display_name":"Scalability","level":2,"score":0.5050752758979797},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C56086750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6042592","display_name":"Integer programming","level":2,"score":0.49901914596557617},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153646914","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q535695","display_name":"Cellular network","level":2,"score":0.4498611092567444},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.4192355275154114},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.41396385431289673},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.2736477553844452},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.13020405173301697},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77088390","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8513","display_name":"Database","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2023.3300960","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2023.3300960","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/10198445.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:983c2d62f5ab4a4cbc1ddbd8251ee691","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/983c2d62f5ab4a4cbc1ddbd8251ee691","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 11, Pp 82079-82094 (2023)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2023.3300960","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2023.3300960","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/10198445.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/2","score":0.7400000095367432,"display_name":"Zero hunger"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4158048513","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"CHIST-ERA-20-SICT-003","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320326762","funder_display_name":"Nemzeti Kutat\u00e1si Fejleszt\u00e9si \u00e9s Innov\u00e1ci\u00f3s Hivatal"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4743369264","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"CHIST-ERA-20-SICT-003","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320338463","funder_display_name":"CHIST-ERA"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8430433013","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"CHIST-ERA","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320883","funder_display_name":"Agence Nationale de la Recherche"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320314731","display_name":"UK Research and Innovation","ror":"https://ror.org/001aqnf71"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320883","display_name":"Agence Nationale de la Recherche","ror":"https://ror.org/00rbzpz17"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321730","display_name":"Fonds Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek","ror":"https://ror.org/03qtxy027"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320326762","display_name":"Nemzeti Kutat\u00e1si Fejleszt\u00e9si \u00e9s Innov\u00e1ci\u00f3s Hivatal","ror":null},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320338463","display_name":"CHIST-ERA","ror":"https://ror.org/00rbzpz17"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4385453572.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4385453572.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":42,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1584244501","https://openalex.org/W1972470182","https://openalex.org/W2075863084","https://openalex.org/W2138116332","https://openalex.org/W2148135143","https://openalex.org/W2170709281","https://openalex.org/W2201445025","https://openalex.org/W2261342007","https://openalex.org/W2293606211","https://openalex.org/W2327455150","https://openalex.org/W2343448572","https://openalex.org/W2522155271","https://openalex.org/W2575062411","https://openalex.org/W2601095321","https://openalex.org/W2615358882","https://openalex.org/W2740799653","https://openalex.org/W2767873707","https://openalex.org/W2789656064","https://openalex.org/W2939560403","https://openalex.org/W2959519368","https://openalex.org/W2963568889","https://openalex.org/W2968836089","https://openalex.org/W3003247710","https://openalex.org/W3011830499","https://openalex.org/W3018474795","https://openalex.org/W3033373932","https://openalex.org/W3043883364","https://openalex.org/W3059813204","https://openalex.org/W3098476189","https://openalex.org/W3111526966","https://openalex.org/W3129356418","https://openalex.org/W3133205562","https://openalex.org/W3163246560","https://openalex.org/W3169538240","https://openalex.org/W3174854388","https://openalex.org/W3191914595","https://openalex.org/W3196457949","https://openalex.org/W4210599326","https://openalex.org/W4226443089","https://openalex.org/W4312051064","https://openalex.org/W4321787362","https://openalex.org/W6811083190"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2364921833","https://openalex.org/W2385146268","https://openalex.org/W2144629587","https://openalex.org/W167806033","https://openalex.org/W2380023786","https://openalex.org/W2546696010","https://openalex.org/W1992741870","https://openalex.org/W1984069252","https://openalex.org/W2113085268","https://openalex.org/W2031422533"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,97,179,218,236,316],"fifth":[1],"generation":[2],"(5G)":[3],"of":[4,24,51,120,142,160,181,197,208,234,246,253,261,272,282,294,297,308,322],"mobile":[5],"networks":[6,35],"utilizing":[7,88,289],"millimeter":[8],"Wave":[9],"(mmWave)":[10],"bands":[11],"can":[12,313],"be":[13,314],"considered":[14],"the":[15,20,25,30,48,80,121,140,143,148,158,161,182,190,195,198,206,210,214,225,250,254,259,262,266,270,292,295,306,320,323,328],"leading":[16],"player":[17],"in":[18,29,74,164,227,258,269,305,326,343],"meeting":[19],"continuously":[21],"increasing":[22],"hunger":[23],"end":[26],"user":[27,56,63,94,341],"demands":[28],"near":[31],"future.":[32],"However,":[33],"5G":[34,344],"are":[36],"characterized":[37],"by":[38,113,288],"high":[39],"power":[40,60,298,336],"consumption,":[41],"which":[42],"poses":[43],"a":[44,118,165,239],"significant":[45],"challenge":[46],"to":[47,68,117,138,156,277,301],"efficient":[49],"management":[50],"base":[52],"stations":[53],"(BSs)":[54],"and":[55,62,83,108,134,146,171,175,184,213,230,280,284,303,310,338],"association.":[57],"Implementing":[58],"new":[59],"consumption":[61,299,337],"association":[64],"strategies":[65],"is":[66,99,111,256,275],"imperative":[67],"address":[69],"this":[70,75],"issue.":[71,151],"For":[72],"that":[73,222],"work,":[76],"we":[77,126],"focus":[78],"on":[79],"Dual":[81],"Connectivity-User":[82],"Power":[84],"Allocation":[85],"(DC-UPA)":[86],"problem":[87,98,144],"BS":[89,211],"switching":[90],"on/off":[91],"along":[92],"with":[93,173,242],"dual":[95],"connectivity.":[96],"mathematically":[100],"formulated":[101],"as":[102,205],"an":[103,243],"Integer":[104],"Linear":[105],"Program":[106],"(ILP),":[107],"its":[109,115],"NP-hardness":[110],"proven":[112],"showing":[114],"equivalence":[116],"variant":[119],"set":[122],"covering":[123],"problem.":[124],"Moreover,":[125,265],"developed":[127],"two":[128],"heuristic":[129],"algorithms:":[130],"Simulated":[131],"Annealing":[132],"(SA)":[133],"Distance-Aware":[135],"(DA)":[136],"greedy,":[137],"mitigate":[139],"impact":[141],"complexity":[145],"resolve":[147],"ILP":[149,191],"scalability":[150],"We":[152,193],"conducted":[153],"extensive":[154],"simulations":[155],"validate":[157],"effectiveness":[159],"proposed":[162,199,324],"heuristics":[163],"two-dimensional":[166],"area":[167],"containing":[168],"multiple":[169],"BSs":[170],"users":[172],"uniform":[174,229,263,309],"nonuniform":[176,231,273,311],"geographical":[177,232],"distributions.":[178],"performance":[180,196],"SA":[183,223,237,283],"DA":[185,226,255],"algorithms":[186,325],"was":[187],"compared":[188],"against":[189],"approach.":[192],"evaluated":[194],"solutions":[200,333],"considering":[201],"different":[202],"aspects":[203],"such":[204],"number":[207],"users,":[209],"radius,":[212],"traffic":[215],"load":[216],"changes.":[217],"numerical":[219],"results":[220,318],"show":[221],"outperforms":[224],"both":[228],"distributions":[233,312],"users.":[235],"provides":[238],"sub-optimal":[240],"solution":[241],"optimality":[244,251,267],"gap":[245,252,268],"about":[247,278],"3.2%,":[248],"while":[249],"8.62%":[257],"case":[260,271,307],"distribution.":[264],"distribution":[274],"equal":[276],"1%":[279],"5.2%":[281],"DA,":[285],"respectively.":[286],"Additionally,":[287],"our":[290],"solutions,":[291],"reduction":[293],"level":[296],"up":[300],"16.1%":[302],"20%":[304],"achieved.":[315],"obtained":[317],"highlight":[319],"efficiency":[321],"addressing":[327],"DC-UPA":[329],"problem,":[330],"providing":[331],"practical":[332],"for":[334],"managing":[335],"maintaining":[339],"continuous":[340],"connectivity":[342],"mmWave":[345],"networks.":[346]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":8}],"updated_date":"2026-03-27T05:58:40.876381","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}