{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4385338613","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2023.3299488","title":"A Smart Traffic Control System Based on Pixel-Labeling and SORT Tracker","display_name":"A Smart Traffic Control System Based on Pixel-Labeling and SORT Tracker","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4385338613","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2023.3299488"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2023.3299488","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2023.3299488","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/10196452.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/10196452.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5048888149","display_name":"Mohammed Alonazi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1862-7250"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I142608572","display_name":"Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University","ror":"https://ror.org/04jt46d36","country_code":"SA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I142608572"]}],"countries":["SA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mohammed Alonazi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Information Systems, College of Computer Engineering and Sciences, Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj, Saudi Arabia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Information Systems, College of Computer Engineering and Sciences, Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj, Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I142608572"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5079803277","display_name":"Asifa Mehmood Qureshi","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I899713450","display_name":"Air University","ror":"https://ror.org/03yfe9v83","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I899713450"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Asifa Mehmood Qureshi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence (AI), Air University, Islamabad, Pakistan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence (AI), Air University, Islamabad, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I899713450"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5090952442","display_name":"Saud S. Alotaibi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1082-513X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I199693650","display_name":"Umm al-Qura University","ror":"https://ror.org/01xjqrm90","country_code":"SA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I199693650"]}],"countries":["SA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Saud S. Alotaibi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Information Systems, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1082-513X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Information Systems, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I199693650"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5005771034","display_name":"Nouf Abdullah Almujally","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4405-9912"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I106778892","display_name":"Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University","ror":"https://ror.org/05b0cyh02","country_code":"SA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I106778892"]}],"countries":["SA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nouf Abdullah Almujally","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Information Systems, College of Computer and Information Sciences, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia","Department of Information Systems, College of Computer and Information Sciences, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, P.O. Box 84428, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4405-9912","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Information Systems, College of Computer and Information Sciences, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I106778892"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Information Systems, College of Computer and Information Sciences, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, P.O. Box 84428, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I106778892"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5083047437","display_name":"Naif Al Mudawi","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I47164929","display_name":"Najran University","ror":"https://ror.org/05edw4a90","country_code":"SA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I47164929"]}],"countries":["SA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Naif Al Mudawi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, College of Computer Science and Information System, Najran University, Najran, Saudi Arabia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8361-6561","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, College of Computer Science and Information System, Najran University, Najran, Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I47164929"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5009770181","display_name":"Abdulwahab Alazeb","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9661-7440"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I47164929","display_name":"Najran University","ror":"https://ror.org/05edw4a90","country_code":"SA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I47164929"]}],"countries":["SA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Abdulwahab Alazeb","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, College of Computer Science and Information System, Najran University, Najran, Saudi Arabia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9661-7440","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, College of Computer Science and Information System, Najran University, Najran, Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I47164929"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101897714","display_name":"Ahmad Jalal","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0000-8421-8477"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I899713450","display_name":"Air University","ror":"https://ror.org/03yfe9v83","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I899713450"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ahmad Jalal","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence (AI), Air University, Islamabad, Pakistan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0000-8421-8477","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence (AI), Air University, Islamabad, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I899713450"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100652679","display_name":"Jaekwang Kim","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5174-0074"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I848706","display_name":"Sungkyunkwan University","ror":"https://ror.org/04q78tk20","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I848706"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jaekwang Kim","raw_affiliation_strings":["Social Innovation Convergence Program, University College, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, Republic of Korea"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5174-0074","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Social Innovation Convergence Program, University College, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, Republic of Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I848706"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5065739631","display_name":"Moohong Min","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8979-1344"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I848706","display_name":"Sungkyunkwan University","ror":"https://ror.org/04q78tk20","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I848706"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Moohong Min","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Convergence/Convergence Program for Social Innovation, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, Republic of Korea"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8979-1344","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Convergence/Convergence Program for Social Innovation, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, Republic of Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I848706"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":3.4036,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":32,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.94190883,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"11","issue":null,"first_page":"80973","last_page":"80985"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10331","display_name":"Video Surveillance and Tracking Methods","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10331","display_name":"Video Surveillance and Tracking Methods","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10036","display_name":"Advanced Neural Network Applications","score":0.9993000030517578,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11099","display_name":"Autonomous Vehicle Technology and Safety","score":0.9983999729156494,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2203","display_name":"Automotive Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7977035045623779},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.7796432971954346},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.7127586603164673},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pixel","display_name":"Pixel","score":0.623738169670105},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature-extraction","display_name":"Feature extraction","score":0.612309455871582},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/vehicle-tracking-system","display_name":"Vehicle tracking system","score":0.5100070238113403},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sort","display_name":"sort","score":0.4790812134742737},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optical-flow","display_name":"Optical flow","score":0.4762968122959137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/object-detection","display_name":"Object detection","score":0.47053584456443787},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tracking-system","display_name":"Tracking system","score":0.41772234439849854},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/classifier","display_name":"Classifier (UML)","score":0.41558682918548584},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/intelligent-transportation-system","display_name":"Intelligent transportation system","score":0.4149678349494934},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.3760454058647156},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/segmentation","display_name":"Segmentation","score":0.3428957462310791},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","score":0.19759362936019897},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/kalman-filter","display_name":"Kalman filter","score":0.1523972749710083},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.09941810369491577}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7977035045623779},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.7796432971954346},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.7127586603164673},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160633673","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q355198","display_name":"Pixel","level":2,"score":0.623738169670105},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52622490","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1026626","display_name":"Feature extraction","level":2,"score":0.612309455871582},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C84119951","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3498530","display_name":"Vehicle tracking system","level":3,"score":0.5100070238113403},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C88548561","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q347599","display_name":"sort","level":2,"score":0.4790812134742737},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C155542232","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q736111","display_name":"Optical flow","level":3,"score":0.4762968122959137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776151529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3045304","display_name":"Object detection","level":3,"score":0.47053584456443787},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154586513","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4420972","display_name":"Tracking system","level":3,"score":0.41772234439849854},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95623464","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1096149","display_name":"Classifier (UML)","level":2,"score":0.41558682918548584},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47796450","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q508378","display_name":"Intelligent transportation system","level":2,"score":0.4149678349494934},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.3760454058647156},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89600930","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1423946","display_name":"Segmentation","level":2,"score":0.3428957462310791},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.19759362936019897},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C157286648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q846780","display_name":"Kalman filter","level":2,"score":0.1523972749710083},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.09941810369491577},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C23123220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q816826","display_name":"Information retrieval","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C147176958","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q77590","display_name":"Civil engineering","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2023.3299488","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2023.3299488","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/10196452.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:cfad66a81bc749279c40dc2b61b19462","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/cfad66a81bc749279c40dc2b61b19462","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 11, Pp 80973-80985 (2023)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2023.3299488","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2023.3299488","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/10196452.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Sustainable cities and communities","score":0.6200000047683716,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/11"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2246833281","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"PSAU/2023/R/1444","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320311227","funder_display_name":"Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2440662457","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"NU/RG/SERC/12/6","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320323502","funder_display_name":"Najran University"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4293615652","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"PSAU/2023/R/1444","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322484","funder_display_name":"Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5471427372","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"PNURSP2023R410","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322484","funder_display_name":"Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320311227","display_name":"Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University","ror":"https://ror.org/04jt46d36"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321378","display_name":"Sungkyunkwan University","ror":"https://ror.org/04q78tk20"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322484","display_name":"Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University","ror":"https://ror.org/05b0cyh02"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320323502","display_name":"Najran University","ror":"https://ror.org/05edw4a90"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4385338613.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4385338613.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":58,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1967627620","https://openalex.org/W1979387426","https://openalex.org/W2033284816","https://openalex.org/W2040720916","https://openalex.org/W2066268896","https://openalex.org/W2132461991","https://openalex.org/W2133417935","https://openalex.org/W2167344194","https://openalex.org/W2207662563","https://openalex.org/W2252355370","https://openalex.org/W2483920485","https://openalex.org/W2571411114","https://openalex.org/W2767354060","https://openalex.org/W2787442091","https://openalex.org/W2789727429","https://openalex.org/W2790135849","https://openalex.org/W2844392751","https://openalex.org/W2898054365","https://openalex.org/W2901291024","https://openalex.org/W2910258641","https://openalex.org/W2919675384","https://openalex.org/W2921586637","https://openalex.org/W2922426219","https://openalex.org/W2948525753","https://openalex.org/W2964241181","https://openalex.org/W2977530153","https://openalex.org/W3003462549","https://openalex.org/W3012303644","https://openalex.org/W3013713530","https://openalex.org/W3013949455","https://openalex.org/W3042130258","https://openalex.org/W3044071265","https://openalex.org/W3093073972","https://openalex.org/W3093161755","https://openalex.org/W3104218139","https://openalex.org/W3110610882","https://openalex.org/W3111254685","https://openalex.org/W3128083678","https://openalex.org/W3132195234","https://openalex.org/W3153892045","https://openalex.org/W3174218786","https://openalex.org/W3207332573","https://openalex.org/W3208645658","https://openalex.org/W3214898772","https://openalex.org/W4206695123","https://openalex.org/W4210683801","https://openalex.org/W4220859626","https://openalex.org/W4281383019","https://openalex.org/W4296483163","https://openalex.org/W4313555510","https://openalex.org/W4322629515","https://openalex.org/W4362605351","https://openalex.org/W4362605370","https://openalex.org/W4362605374","https://openalex.org/W4362605375","https://openalex.org/W6756831629","https://openalex.org/W6784058103","https://openalex.org/W6983609339"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2803307304","https://openalex.org/W3176389629","https://openalex.org/W2800523621","https://openalex.org/W3011975694","https://openalex.org/W2339054183","https://openalex.org/W4379467923","https://openalex.org/W2904294069","https://openalex.org/W2001943318","https://openalex.org/W24636857","https://openalex.org/W2586528042"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Autonomous":[0],"vehicle":[1,27,103,269],"detection":[2,28,226,275],"and":[3,11,29,33,106,152,177,181,196,202,227,245,284],"tracking":[4,30,168,230,248],"are":[5,17,75,175],"crucial":[6],"for":[7,208,225,229,235,243,247,264],"intelligent":[8],"transportation":[9],"management":[10],"control":[12,42],"systems.":[13],"Although":[14],"many":[15],"techniques":[16,218],"used":[18,117,207,263],"to":[19,55,77,89,118,123,145,161,165],"develop":[20],"smart":[21,40],"traffic":[22,41,216,273,278],"systems,":[23],"this":[24],"article":[25],"discusses":[26],"using":[31,48,85,133,191],"pixel-labeling":[32,81],"real-time":[34],"tracking.":[35,209],"We":[36],"propose":[37],"a":[38,102,109,156,286],"novel":[39],"system":[43,260],"that":[44],"segments":[45],"the":[46,57,66,73,86,91,94,98,125,134,170,199,232,250,282],"image":[47,171],"an":[49],"Extreme":[50],"Gradient":[51],"Boost":[52],"(XGBoost)":[53],"classifier":[54,88],"extract":[56],"foreground":[58],"objects.":[59],"The":[60,210,258],"proposed":[61,211,259],"model":[62,212],"is":[63,82,116,137,206],"divided":[64],"into":[65,108,179],"following":[67],"steps:":[68],"1)":[69],"at":[70,276],"first,":[71],"all":[72,97,140],"images":[74],"preprocessed":[76],"remove":[78],"noise;":[79],"2)":[80],"performed":[83],"by":[84,184],"XGBoost":[87],"separate":[90],"background":[92],"from":[93],"foreground;":[95],"3)":[96],"pixels":[99],"classified":[100],"as":[101,268],"was":[104,159],"extracted":[105],"converted":[107],"binary":[110],"image,":[111],"then":[112],"blob":[113],"extraction":[114,151],"technique":[115],"localize":[119],"each":[120,162,188],"vehicle;":[121],"4)":[122],"verify":[124],"detected":[126],"vehicles":[127,142,174],"Intersection":[128],"over":[129],"Union":[130],"(IoU)":[131],"score":[132],"ground":[135],"truth":[136],"calculated;":[138],"5)":[139],"verified":[141],"were":[143],"subjected":[144],"Visual":[146],"Geometry":[147],"Group":[148],"(VGG)":[149],"feature":[150],"based":[153],"on":[154,281],"which":[155],"unique":[157],"identifier":[158],"assigned":[160],"of":[163,189,221],"them":[164,190],"enable":[166],"multi-object":[167],"across":[169],"frames;":[172],"6)":[173,197],"counted":[176],"categorized":[178],"stationary":[180],"moving":[182],"cars":[183],"detecting":[185],"motion":[186],"in":[187,219,271],"Farneback":[192],"optical":[193],"flow":[194,279],"algorithm":[195],"finally,":[198],"Simple":[200],"Online":[201],"Real-time":[203],"Tracker":[204],"(SORT)":[205],"outperforms":[213],"existing":[214],"state-of-the-art":[215],"monitoring":[217],"terms":[220],"precision,":[222],"achieving":[223],"0.86":[224],"0.92":[228],"with":[231,249],"Karlsruher":[233],"Institut":[234],"Technology":[236],"Aerial":[237],"Image":[238],"Sequences":[239],"(KIT-AIS)":[240],"dataset,":[241],"0.83":[242],"detection,":[244],"0.87":[246],"Vision":[251],"Meets":[252],"Drone":[253],"Single":[254],"Object-Tracking":[255],"(VisDrone)":[256],"dataset.":[257],"can":[261],"be":[262],"several":[265],"purposes,":[266],"such":[267],"identification":[270],"traffic,":[272],"density":[274],"intersections,":[277],"conditions":[280],"road,":[283],"providing":[285],"pedestrian":[287],"way.":[288]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":19},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":5}],"updated_date":"2026-03-27T05:58:40.876381","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
