{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4385268968","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2023.3298972","title":"An Intelligent Inversion Method for Azimuth Electromagnetic Logging While Drilling Measurements","display_name":"An Intelligent Inversion Method for Azimuth Electromagnetic Logging While Drilling Measurements","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4385268968","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2023.3298972"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2023.3298972","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2023.3298972","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/10194902.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/10194902.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101471925","display_name":"Zhengming Kang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4807-6058"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I181903023","display_name":"Xi'an Shiyou University","ror":"https://ror.org/040c7js64","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I181903023"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Zhengming Kang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electronic Engineering, Xi’an Shiyou University, Xi’an, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronic Engineering, Xi’an Shiyou University, Xi’an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I181903023"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100388371","display_name":"Yi Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0008-7178-4590"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210151703","display_name":"China Coal Technology and Engineering Group Corp (China)","ror":"https://ror.org/045d9gj14","country_code":"CN","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210151703"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yi Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Xi’an Research Institute, China Coal Technology and Engineering Group Corporation, Xi’an, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Xi’an Research Institute, China Coal Technology and Engineering Group Corporation, Xi’an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210151703"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5045844886","display_name":"Haojie Qin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2798-0489"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I181903023","display_name":"Xi'an Shiyou University","ror":"https://ror.org/040c7js64","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I181903023"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Haojie Qin","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electronic Engineering, Xi’an Shiyou University, Xi’an, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronic Engineering, Xi’an Shiyou University, Xi’an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I181903023"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101759446","display_name":"Wei Gan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0004-6557-2808"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I181903023","display_name":"Xi'an Shiyou University","ror":"https://ror.org/040c7js64","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I181903023"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wei Gan","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electronic Engineering, Xi’an Shiyou University, Xi’an, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronic Engineering, Xi’an Shiyou University, Xi’an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I181903023"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5083714278","display_name":"Gang Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5650-4115"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210151703","display_name":"China Coal Technology and Engineering Group Corp (China)","ror":"https://ror.org/045d9gj14","country_code":"CN","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210151703"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Gang Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Xi’an Research Institute, China Coal Technology and Engineering Group Corporation, Xi’an, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Xi’an Research Institute, China Coal Technology and Engineering Group Corporation, Xi’an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210151703"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5101471925"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I181903023"],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":1.743,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":6,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.82100771,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"11","issue":null,"first_page":"79285","last_page":"79294"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10572","display_name":"Geophysical and Geoelectrical Methods","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1908","display_name":"Geophysics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10572","display_name":"Geophysical and Geoelectrical Methods","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1908","display_name":"Geophysics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11609","display_name":"Geophysical Methods and Applications","score":0.9991000294685364,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2212","display_name":"Ocean Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10271","display_name":"Seismic Imaging and Inversion Techniques","score":0.9980999827384949,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1908","display_name":"Geophysics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/inversion","display_name":"Inversion (geology)","score":0.784254789352417},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/azimuth","display_name":"Azimuth","score":0.7286006212234497},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/robustness","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","score":0.6115090847015381},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/logging-while-drilling","display_name":"Logging while drilling","score":0.5911192297935486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5889759063720703},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/isotropy","display_name":"Isotropy","score":0.5424197316169739},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computation","display_name":"Computation","score":0.4829534888267517},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.47533631324768066},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/drilling","display_name":"Drilling","score":0.4659012258052826},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/inverse-transform-sampling","display_name":"Inverse transform sampling","score":0.46036258339881897},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geology","display_name":"Geology","score":0.4306142330169678},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optics","display_name":"Optics","score":0.13923504948616028},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.1327003836631775},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geometry","display_name":"Geometry","score":0.13228338956832886},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mechanical-engineering","display_name":"Mechanical engineering","score":0.1205706000328064},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.10932120680809021},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/seismology","display_name":"Seismology","score":0.10849267244338989}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C1893757","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3653001","display_name":"Inversion (geology)","level":3,"score":0.784254789352417},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159737794","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q124274","display_name":"Azimuth","level":2,"score":0.7286006212234497},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C63479239","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7353546","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","level":3,"score":0.6115090847015381},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776386368","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6667385","display_name":"Logging while drilling","level":3,"score":0.5911192297935486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5889759063720703},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184050105","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q273163","display_name":"Isotropy","level":2,"score":0.5424197316169739},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45374587","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12525525","display_name":"Computation","level":2,"score":0.4829534888267517},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.47533631324768066},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C25197100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q890886","display_name":"Drilling","level":2,"score":0.4659012258052826},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C143606050","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1377019","display_name":"Inverse transform sampling","level":3,"score":0.46036258339881897},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.4306142330169678},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.13923504948616028},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.1327003836631775},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.13228338956832886},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78519656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101333","display_name":"Mechanical engineering","level":1,"score":0.1205706000328064},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.10932120680809021},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165205528","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q83371","display_name":"Seismology","level":1,"score":0.10849267244338989},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104317684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187","display_name":"Gene","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C84174578","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q889796","display_name":"Surface wave","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77928131","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193343","display_name":"Tectonics","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2023.3298972","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2023.3298972","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/10194902.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:e874504060144e2490380b02cb3bca68","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/e874504060144e2490380b02cb3bca68","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 11, Pp 79285-79294 (2023)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2023.3298972","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2023.3298972","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/10194902.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2113177097","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2022M711442","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321543","funder_display_name":"China Postdoctoral Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5034097014","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2023-YBGY-111","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320336350","funder_display_name":"Key Research and Development Projects of Shaanxi Province"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321543","display_name":"China Postdoctoral Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/0426zh255"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320325627","display_name":"Education Department of Shaanxi Province","ror":null},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320336350","display_name":"Key Research and Development Projects of Shaanxi Province","ror":null}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4385268968.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4385268968.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":34,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W11497232","https://openalex.org/W611801667","https://openalex.org/W1965409428","https://openalex.org/W1996057431","https://openalex.org/W2092304636","https://openalex.org/W2096308937","https://openalex.org/W2098442601","https://openalex.org/W2108689047","https://openalex.org/W2123372663","https://openalex.org/W2134536864","https://openalex.org/W2236623899","https://openalex.org/W2304213502","https://openalex.org/W2378366581","https://openalex.org/W2514255387","https://openalex.org/W2580904667","https://openalex.org/W2782977076","https://openalex.org/W2894120608","https://openalex.org/W2906386705","https://openalex.org/W2971004644","https://openalex.org/W2983807332","https://openalex.org/W2999905004","https://openalex.org/W3003964717","https://openalex.org/W3016406005","https://openalex.org/W3018733595","https://openalex.org/W3048280034","https://openalex.org/W3206185302","https://openalex.org/W3207734828","https://openalex.org/W3211496183","https://openalex.org/W4286858162","https://openalex.org/W4291754632","https://openalex.org/W6600477252","https://openalex.org/W6618813006","https://openalex.org/W6726267528","https://openalex.org/W6803157782"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3046484446","https://openalex.org/W2997935231","https://openalex.org/W2044527509","https://openalex.org/W3151319332","https://openalex.org/W3093557447","https://openalex.org/W2377084220","https://openalex.org/W4293147659","https://openalex.org/W2378498423","https://openalex.org/W3210577852","https://openalex.org/W2049597419"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Azimuth":[0],"electromagnetic":[1],"(EM)":[2],"Logging":[3],"While":[4],"Drilling":[5],"(LWD)":[6],"tools":[7],"play":[8],"an":[9,86,104],"important":[10],"role":[11],"in":[12,126,205,249],"geological":[13],"steering":[14],"and":[15,25,43,47,74,123,135,169,191,196],"reservoir":[16],"evaluation.":[17],"Its":[18,209],"measuring":[19],"response":[20],"is":[21,51,108,159,187],"amplitude":[22],"ratio":[23],"(ATT)":[24],"phase":[26],"difference":[27],"(PS),":[28],"which":[29,130],"can\u2019t":[30],"directly":[31],"reflect":[32],"formation":[33,38,44,178],"information.":[34],"To":[35],"obtain":[36],"direct":[37],"information":[39],"such":[40,64],"as":[41,65],"resistivity":[42],"boundary,":[45],"accurate":[46],"efficient":[48,105],"inversion":[49,56,88,153,171,234,253],"method":[50,89,246],"essential.":[52],"However,":[53],"the":[54,97,138,142,156,163,166,170,176,185,227,233,241],"existing":[55],"methods":[57],"(i.e.,":[58],"iterative":[59],"method)":[60],"have":[61],"some":[62],"problems,":[63],"slow":[66],"computation":[67],"speed,":[68],"dependence":[69],"on":[70,96],"initial":[71],"value":[72],"selection":[73],"easy":[75],"to":[76,110,150,161,216,222],"be":[77,214],"trapped":[78],"by":[79],"local":[80],"minimum.":[81],"Therefore,":[82],"this":[83,245],"paper":[84],"proposes":[85],"intelligent":[87],"for":[90,133,232,247],"azimuthal":[91,250],"EM":[92,114,251],"LWD":[93,115,252],"measurements":[94],"based":[95],"U-net":[98],"deep":[99],"learning":[100],"network":[101,143,158,186,228],"framework.":[102],"Firstly,":[103],"analytical":[106],"solution":[107],"used":[109,132],"generate":[111],"amounts":[112],"of":[113,137,165,189,235,244],"data.":[116],"Those":[117],"samples":[118,164],"are":[119,131,145,173],"divided":[120],"into":[121],"training":[122,134,149],"test":[124,167],"sets":[125],"a":[127,200],"9:1":[128],"ratio,":[129],"testing":[136],"network,":[139],"respectively.":[140],"Then,":[141],"parameters":[144,212],"constantly":[146],"adjusted":[147],"during":[148],"ensure":[151],"its":[152],"performance.":[154],"Finally,":[155],"trained":[157],"utilized":[160],"invert":[162,218],"sets,":[168],"results":[172,182],"compared":[174],"with":[175,199],"forward":[177],"model.":[179],"The":[180],"study\u2019s":[181],"demonstrate":[183],"that":[184],"capable":[188],"efficiently":[190],"precisely":[192],"inverting":[193],"both":[194],"isotropic":[195],"anisotropic":[197],"formations,":[198],"single":[201],"sample":[202],"being":[203],"inverted":[204],"under":[206],"0.05":[207],"seconds.":[208],"noise":[210],"layer":[211],"can":[213],"improved":[215],"successfully":[217],"noisy":[219],"data,":[220],"leading":[221],"good":[223,230],"robustness.":[224],"In":[225],"addition,":[226],"has":[229],"applicability":[231],"complex":[236],"formations.":[237],"These":[238],"consequences":[239],"highlight":[240],"significant":[242],"potential":[243],"use":[248],"applications.":[254]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}