{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4385196537","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2023.3298559","title":"Elephant Herding Robustness Evolution Algorithm With Multi-Clan Co-Evolution Against Cyber Attacks for Scale-Free Internet of Things in Smart Cities","display_name":"Elephant Herding Robustness Evolution Algorithm With Multi-Clan Co-Evolution Against Cyber Attacks for Scale-Free Internet of Things in Smart Cities","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4385196537","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2023.3298559"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2023.3298559","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2023.3298559","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/10192419.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/10192419.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5020573499","display_name":"Talha Naeem Qureshi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8608-5492"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I16076960","display_name":"COMSATS University Islamabad","ror":"https://ror.org/00nqqvk19","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I16076960"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Talha Naeem Qureshi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, COMSATS University Islamabad, Islamabad, Pakistan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8608-5492","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, COMSATS University Islamabad, Islamabad, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I16076960"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5043620442","display_name":"Zahoor Ali Khan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7101-2979"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I119744171","display_name":"Higher Colleges of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00qmy9z88","country_code":"AE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I119744171"]}],"countries":["AE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zahoor Ali Khan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Information Science, Higher Colleges of Technology, Fujairah, United Arab Emirates"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Information Science, Higher Colleges of Technology, Fujairah, United Arab Emirates","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I119744171"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5055380996","display_name":"Nadeem Javaid","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3777-8249"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I16076960","display_name":"COMSATS University Islamabad","ror":"https://ror.org/00nqqvk19","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I16076960"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nadeem Javaid","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, COMSATS University Islamabad, Islamabad, Pakistan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3777-8249","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, COMSATS University Islamabad, Islamabad, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I16076960"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5067477252","display_name":"Abdulaziz Aldegheishem","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3287-5357"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I28022161","display_name":"King Saud University","ror":"https://ror.org/02f81g417","country_code":"SA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I28022161"]}],"countries":["SA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Abdulaziz Aldegheishem","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Urban Planning, College of Architecture and Planning, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3287-5357","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Urban Planning, College of Architecture and Planning, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I28022161"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5020213187","display_name":"Muhammad Babar Rasheed","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9911-0693"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I114203471","display_name":"University of Gloucestershire","ror":"https://ror.org/00wygct11","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I114203471"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Muhammad Babar Rasheed","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electronics and Robotics Engineering, University of Gloucestershire, Cheltenham, U.K"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronics and Robotics Engineering, University of Gloucestershire, Cheltenham, U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I114203471"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5089697598","display_name":"Nabil Alrajeh","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1861-0582"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I28022161","display_name":"King Saud University","ror":"https://ror.org/02f81g417","country_code":"SA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I28022161"]}],"countries":["SA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nabil Alrajeh","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Biomedical Technology, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1861-0582","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Biomedical Technology, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I28022161"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":4,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":0.7586,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":4,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.72527758,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"11","issue":null,"first_page":"79056","last_page":"79072"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10400","display_name":"Network Security and Intrusion Detection","score":0.9976999759674072,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10400","display_name":"Network Security and Intrusion Detection","score":0.9976999759674072,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11896","display_name":"Opportunistic and Delay-Tolerant Networks","score":0.9932000041007996,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10080","display_name":"Energy Efficient Wireless Sensor Networks","score":0.9919000267982483,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.808550238609314},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/robustness","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","score":0.7498143911361694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/distributed-computing","display_name":"Distributed computing","score":0.5597838759422302},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless-sensor-network","display_name":"Wireless sensor network","score":0.47079697251319885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.4456336796283722},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/initialization","display_name":"Initialization","score":0.42158275842666626},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/real-time-computing","display_name":"Real-time computing","score":0.3515692949295044}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.808550238609314},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C63479239","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7353546","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","level":3,"score":0.7498143911361694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.5597838759422302},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24590314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q336038","display_name":"Wireless sensor network","level":2,"score":0.47079697251319885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.4456336796283722},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C114466953","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6034165","display_name":"Initialization","level":2,"score":0.42158275842666626},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79403827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3988","display_name":"Real-time computing","level":1,"score":0.3515692949295044},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104317684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187","display_name":"Gene","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2023.3298559","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2023.3298559","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/10192419.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:eprints.glos.ac.uk:13019","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9911-0693","pdf_url":"https://eprints.glos.ac.uk/13019/1/13019%20RASHEED%20Muhammad%20%282023%29%20Elephant%20herding%20robustness%20evolution%20algorithm%20article.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400522","display_name":"Research Repository (University of Gloucestershire)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I114203471","host_organization_name":"University of Gloucestershire","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I114203471"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"PeerReviewed"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:b4632e1e975140539e254540be9ad565","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/b4632e1e975140539e254540be9ad565","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 11, Pp 79056-79072 (2023)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2023.3298559","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2023.3298559","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/10192419.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.5400000214576721,"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7306442455","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"RSP2023R295","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321145","funder_display_name":"King Saud University"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321145","display_name":"King Saud University","ror":"https://ror.org/02f81g417"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4385196537.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4385196537.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":39,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1567692392","https://openalex.org/W1908019342","https://openalex.org/W1970238625","https://openalex.org/W1972614615","https://openalex.org/W1989400610","https://openalex.org/W2008620264","https://openalex.org/W2026808254","https://openalex.org/W2109195205","https://openalex.org/W2146414958","https://openalex.org/W2157165312","https://openalex.org/W2206578925","https://openalex.org/W2225493722","https://openalex.org/W2463845772","https://openalex.org/W2541451878","https://openalex.org/W2595033964","https://openalex.org/W2607300357","https://openalex.org/W2695737732","https://openalex.org/W2773072634","https://openalex.org/W2792388064","https://openalex.org/W2897398959","https://openalex.org/W2945828882","https://openalex.org/W3006194244","https://openalex.org/W3006526650","https://openalex.org/W3017655680","https://openalex.org/W3022550689","https://openalex.org/W3025804100","https://openalex.org/W3035366542","https://openalex.org/W3047480007","https://openalex.org/W3080342797","https://openalex.org/W3128436496","https://openalex.org/W3136062869","https://openalex.org/W3203197121","https://openalex.org/W4200253523","https://openalex.org/W4210445739","https://openalex.org/W4220737755","https://openalex.org/W4226017109","https://openalex.org/W4237934004","https://openalex.org/W4293201512","https://openalex.org/W4366977512"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3204184292","https://openalex.org/W3176564347","https://openalex.org/W1985458517","https://openalex.org/W2355833770","https://openalex.org/W3031039437","https://openalex.org/W183202219","https://openalex.org/W3095877357","https://openalex.org/W2072565696","https://openalex.org/W2050451745","https://openalex.org/W4389650576"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"A":[0,168],"large":[1],"number":[2,40,64,272],"of":[3,30,32,41,52,59,65,84,99,109,147,163,183,217,237,273],"sensors":[4,16,43,53,66,146,179],"are":[5,17,87,120,127,140,219],"deployed":[6,42],"for":[7],"performing":[8],"various":[9],"tasks":[10],"in":[11,173,259,270],"the":[12,23,28,36,39,50,57,62,68,77,97,107,161,178,188,212,235,238],"smart":[13],"cities.":[14],"The":[15],"connected":[18],"with":[19,245,255],"each":[20],"other":[21],"through":[22],"Internet":[24,31],"that":[25,117],"leads":[26],"to":[27,76,91,95,105,122,130,176,191,252,265],"emergence":[29],"Things":[33],"(IoT).":[34],"As":[35],"time":[37],"passes,":[38],"is":[44,103,171,203,243,250,263],"exponentially":[45],"increasing.":[46],"Not":[47],"only":[48],"this,":[49],"enhancement":[51],"has":[54,114],"also":[55],"laid":[56],"base":[58],"automation.":[60],"However,":[61,125],"increased":[63],"make":[67],"IoT":[69,82,110,148,240],"networks":[70,83,119],"more":[71],"complex":[72],"and":[73,80,135,154,227,229,249,282,311],"scaled.":[74],"Due":[75],"increasing":[78],"size":[79],"complexity,":[81],"scale-free":[85,118,239],"nature":[86],"found":[88,116],"highly":[89,128],"prone":[90],"attacks.":[92,124],"In":[93,211],"order":[94],"maintain":[96],"functionality":[98],"crucial":[100],"applications,":[101],"it":[102,113],"mandatory":[104],"increase":[106,234],"robustness":[108,166,184,236],"networks.":[111,241],"Additionally,":[112],"been":[115],"resistant":[121],"random":[123],"they":[126,158],"vulnerable":[129],"intentional,":[131],"malicious,":[132],"deliberate,":[133],"targeted":[134],"cyber":[136],"attacks":[137],"where":[138],"nodes":[139],"destroyed":[141],"based":[142,205],"on":[143,206],"preference.":[144],"Moreover,":[145,261,288],"network":[149],"have":[150],"limited":[151],"communication,":[152],"processing":[153,195],"energy":[155],"resources.":[156],"Hence,":[157],"cannot":[159],"bear":[160],"load":[162,190],"computationally":[164],"extensive":[165],"algorithms.":[167],"communication":[169,209],"model":[170],"proposed":[172,204,213],"this":[174],"paper":[175],"save":[177],"from":[180],"computational":[181,189],"overhead":[182],"algorithms":[185,248],"by":[186],"migrating":[187],"back-end":[192],"high":[193],"power":[194],"clusters.":[196],"Elephant":[197],"Herding":[198],"Robustness":[199],"Evolution":[200,296],"(EHRE)":[201],"algorithm":[202],"an":[207],"enhanced":[208],"model.":[210],"work,":[214],"6":[215],"phases":[216],"operations":[218],"used:":[220],"initialization,":[221],"sorting,":[222],"clan":[223,225],"updating,":[224],"separating,selection":[226],"formation,":[228],"filtration.":[230],"These":[231],"process":[232],"collectively":[233],"EHRE":[242,262,275,289],"compared":[244],"well-known":[246],"previous":[247],"proven":[251],"be":[253],"robust":[254],"a":[256],"remarkable":[257],"lead":[258],"performance.":[260],"capable":[264],"achieve":[266],"global":[267],"optimum":[268],"results":[269],"less":[271],"iterations.":[274,287],"achieves":[276],"95%":[277],"efficiency":[278,284],"after":[279,285],"60":[280],"iterations":[281],"99%":[283],"70":[286],"performs":[290],"58.77%":[291],"better":[292,300,306,313],"than":[293,301,307,314],"Enhanced":[294],"Differential":[295],"(EDE)":[297],"algorithm,":[298],"65.22%":[299],"Genetic":[302],"Algorithm":[303,317],"(GA),":[304],"86.35%":[305],"Simulating":[308],"Annealing":[309],"(SA)":[310],"94.77%":[312],"Hill":[315],"climbing":[316],"(HA).":[318]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
