{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4385191303","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2023.3298024","title":"Group Key Management in Internet of Things: A Systematic Literature Review","display_name":"Group Key Management in Internet of Things: A Systematic Literature Review","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4385191303","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2023.3298024"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2023.3298024","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2023.3298024","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/10190622.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"review","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/10190622.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5079924512","display_name":"Fouzia Samiullah","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4601-0661"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I931681460","display_name":"Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman","ror":"https://ror.org/050pq4m56","country_code":"MY","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I931681460"]}],"countries":["MY"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Fouzia Samiullah","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Information and Communication Technology, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, Kampar, Perak, Malaysia","The Faculty of Information and Communication Technology, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, Petaling Jaya, Perak, Malaysia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4601-0661","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Information and Communication Technology, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, Kampar, Perak, Malaysia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I931681460"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"The Faculty of Information and Communication Technology, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, Petaling Jaya, Perak, Malaysia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I931681460"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5001807132","display_name":"Ming-Lee Gan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0993-1130"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I931681460","display_name":"Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman","ror":"https://ror.org/050pq4m56","country_code":"MY","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I931681460"]}],"countries":["MY"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ming-Lee Gan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Information and Communication Technology, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, Kampar, Perak, Malaysia","The Faculty of Information and Communication Technology, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, Petaling Jaya, Perak, Malaysia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0993-1130","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Information and Communication Technology, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, Kampar, Perak, Malaysia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I931681460"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"The Faculty of Information and Communication Technology, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, Petaling Jaya, Perak, Malaysia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I931681460"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5039513308","display_name":"Sedat Akleylek","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7005-6489"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I227306068","display_name":"Ondokuz May\u0131s University","ror":"https://ror.org/028k5qw24","country_code":"TR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I227306068"]}],"countries":["TR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sedat Akleylek","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Engineering, Cyber Security and Information Technologies Research and Development Centre, Ondokuz Mayis University, Samsun, Turkey"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7005-6489","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Engineering, Cyber Security and Information Technologies Research and Development Centre, Ondokuz Mayis University, Samsun, Turkey","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I227306068"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5053649812","display_name":"Yichiet Aun","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5977-7912"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I931681460","display_name":"Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman","ror":"https://ror.org/050pq4m56","country_code":"MY","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I931681460"]}],"countries":["MY"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Y. Aun","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Information and Communication Technology, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, Kampar, Perak, Malaysia","The Faculty of Information and Communication Technology, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, Petaling Jaya, Perak, Malaysia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5977-7912","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Information and Communication Technology, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, Kampar, Perak, Malaysia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I931681460"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"The Faculty of Information and Communication Technology, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, Petaling Jaya, Perak, Malaysia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I931681460"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":1.2653,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":21,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.79090909,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"11","issue":null,"first_page":"77464","last_page":"77491"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11498","display_name":"Security in Wireless Sensor Networks","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11498","display_name":"Security in Wireless Sensor Networks","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10951","display_name":"Cryptographic Implementations and Security","score":0.964900016784668,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10237","display_name":"Cryptography and Data Security","score":0.9574999809265137,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7987927794456482},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/communication-in-small-groups","display_name":"Communication in small groups","score":0.6327141523361206},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cryptography","display_name":"Cryptography","score":0.5871485471725464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/secure-communication","display_name":"Secure communication","score":0.512349009513855},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.49942636489868164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.4974198639392853},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/key-exchange","display_name":"Key exchange","score":0.4922429621219635},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/key-management","display_name":"Key management","score":0.48247531056404114},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/group-key","display_name":"Group key","score":0.45806553959846497},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/key","display_name":"Key (lock)","score":0.45425063371658325},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/public-key-cryptography","display_name":"Public-key cryptography","score":0.4448337256908417},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/secure-multicast","display_name":"Secure multicast","score":0.4241611063480377},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/communications-security","display_name":"Communications security","score":0.42255234718322754},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/implementation","display_name":"Implementation","score":0.41070759296417236},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multicast","display_name":"Multicast","score":0.38929325342178345},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/encryption","display_name":"Encryption","score":0.17102009057998657}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7987927794456482},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44871818","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5154139","display_name":"Communication in small groups","level":2,"score":0.6327141523361206},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178489894","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8789","display_name":"Cryptography","level":2,"score":0.5871485471725464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C510870077","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7444868","display_name":"Secure communication","level":3,"score":0.512349009513855},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.49942636489868164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.4974198639392853},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99674996","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1414155","display_name":"Key exchange","level":4,"score":0.4922429621219635},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17886624","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1320561","display_name":"Key management","level":3,"score":0.48247531056404114},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777513581","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5611239","display_name":"Group key","level":3,"score":0.45806553959846497},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26517878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228039","display_name":"Key (lock)","level":2,"score":0.45425063371658325},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203062551","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q201339","display_name":"Public-key cryptography","level":3,"score":0.4448337256908417},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776147584","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2711392","display_name":"Secure multicast","level":5,"score":0.4241611063480377},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151423352","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5154228","display_name":"Communications security","level":3,"score":0.42255234718322754},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26713055","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q245962","display_name":"Implementation","level":2,"score":0.41070759296417236},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C32295351","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q899288","display_name":"Multicast","level":2,"score":0.38929325342178345},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148730421","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141090","display_name":"Encryption","level":2,"score":0.17102009057998657},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112037812","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2107523","display_name":"Pragmatic General Multicast","level":4,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44892269","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q782752","display_name":"Protocol Independent Multicast","level":3,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2023.3298024","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2023.3298024","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/10190622.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:77c5481fcaf94bc0bc81b8e95866da21","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/77c5481fcaf94bc0bc81b8e95866da21","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 11, Pp 77464-77491 (2023)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2023.3298024","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2023.3298024","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/10190622.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1233467776","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"FRGS/1/2021/ICT07/UTAR/02/3","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321709","funder_display_name":"Ministry of Higher Education, Malaysia"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321398","display_name":"Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman","ror":"https://ror.org/050pq4m56"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321709","display_name":"Ministry of Higher Education, Malaysia","ror":"https://ror.org/05mcs2t73"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4385191303.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4385191303.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":82,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1528661443","https://openalex.org/W1547090041","https://openalex.org/W1898035851","https://openalex.org/W2001824811","https://openalex.org/W2039043123","https://openalex.org/W2068471463","https://openalex.org/W2071908164","https://openalex.org/W2099943627","https://openalex.org/W2116385997","https://openalex.org/W2121854318","https://openalex.org/W2168130919","https://openalex.org/W2168546744","https://openalex.org/W2183157345","https://openalex.org/W2347031552","https://openalex.org/W2508433864","https://openalex.org/W2508901898","https://openalex.org/W2597870570","https://openalex.org/W2612809042","https://openalex.org/W2730553565","https://openalex.org/W2749247755","https://openalex.org/W2765998650","https://openalex.org/W2766238339","https://openalex.org/W2787569427","https://openalex.org/W2804024218","https://openalex.org/W2805092202","https://openalex.org/W2883190183","https://openalex.org/W2888950823","https://openalex.org/W2900452337","https://openalex.org/W2900868681","https://openalex.org/W2901570528","https://openalex.org/W2902178104","https://openalex.org/W2913851998","https://openalex.org/W2917398622","https://openalex.org/W2936612079","https://openalex.org/W2945274383","https://openalex.org/W2949727498","https://openalex.org/W2949964142","https://openalex.org/W2981049704","https://openalex.org/W2981658363","https://openalex.org/W2982666839","https://openalex.org/W2995835799","https://openalex.org/W3004726399","https://openalex.org/W3016299641","https://openalex.org/W3025441723","https://openalex.org/W3035852102","https://openalex.org/W3035906777","https://openalex.org/W3048793407","https://openalex.org/W3080589166","https://openalex.org/W3085608925","https://openalex.org/W3091805293","https://openalex.org/W3093140369","https://openalex.org/W3108512945","https://openalex.org/W3112437670","https://openalex.org/W3114406922","https://openalex.org/W3127981346","https://openalex.org/W3128384646","https://openalex.org/W3135424277","https://openalex.org/W3153202467","https://openalex.org/W3184047703","https://openalex.org/W3195369086","https://openalex.org/W3198064724","https://openalex.org/W3199052399","https://openalex.org/W3200254765","https://openalex.org/W3212251880","https://openalex.org/W3212662733","https://openalex.org/W4200191163","https://openalex.org/W4205471145","https://openalex.org/W4206221818","https://openalex.org/W4224142505","https://openalex.org/W4230341017","https://openalex.org/W4244138246","https://openalex.org/W4285049377","https://openalex.org/W4291927177","https://openalex.org/W4293087767","https://openalex.org/W4295789159","https://openalex.org/W4311376905","https://openalex.org/W4327893913","https://openalex.org/W4361281621","https://openalex.org/W4366685793","https://openalex.org/W6668584302","https://openalex.org/W6675178327","https://openalex.org/W6781748570"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2188441851","https://openalex.org/W2519602820","https://openalex.org/W2019267322","https://openalex.org/W4205185683","https://openalex.org/W2143545186","https://openalex.org/W2041787252","https://openalex.org/W35292217","https://openalex.org/W4255894042","https://openalex.org/W4230273129","https://openalex.org/W4250947803"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"IoT":[0,50],"networks":[1,9,30],"are":[2,60,121,127],"gaining":[3],"popularity":[4],"in":[5,28,138],"terms":[6],"of":[7,20,41,44,49,54,66,81,110,116,158,173,190],"group":[8,67,83,160],"built":[10],"by":[11],"sensor":[12],"nodes":[13,27,42],"and":[14,36,57,108,146,151,170,194,199],"other":[15,180],"IoT-related":[16],"devices.":[17],"The":[18,47,64],"significance":[19],"cryptography":[21,125],"protocols":[22,56],"for":[23,100],"secure":[24,82,159],"communication":[25,38,84,161],"among":[26,39],"such":[29],"cannot":[31],"be":[32,188],"overstated.":[33],"Effective":[34],"point-to-point":[35],"multicast":[37],"groups":[40],"is":[43,77,87,98,209],"paramount":[45],"importance.":[46],"security":[48,55,171,181,192],"necessitates":[51],"the":[52,106,117,174,191,197,210],"concealment":[53],"keys":[58],"that":[59,97],"transmitted":[61],"between":[62,149],"nodes.":[63],"management":[65],"keys,":[68],"commonly":[69],"referred":[70],"to":[71,89,129,179,187],"as":[72],"Group":[73,93],"Key":[74],"Management":[75],"(GKM),":[76],"an":[78],"essential":[79],"component":[80],"protocols.":[85],"It":[86],"imperative":[88],"develop":[90],"a":[91,156,167,203],"Secure":[92],"Communication":[94],"(SCG)":[95],"scheme":[96],"designed":[99],"practical":[101],"scenarios,":[102],"taking":[103],"into":[104],"consideration":[105],"demands":[107],"constraints":[109],"real-life":[111],"implementations.":[112],"In":[113,163,177],"addition,":[114,164],"most":[115,211],"existing":[118],"GKM":[119,208],"schemes":[120],"dependent":[122],"on":[123],"public-key":[124],"which":[126],"vulnerable":[128],"quantum":[130,185],"computers.":[131],"This":[132],"SLR":[133],"evaluates":[134],"48":[135],"proposals":[136],"identified":[137],"IEEE":[139],"Xplore,":[140],"Springer":[141],"Link,":[142],"MDPI,":[143],"ScienceDirect,":[144],"Scopus,":[145],"Hindawi":[147],"databases":[148],"2013":[150],"2023.":[152],"Moreover,":[153],"we":[154,165,183,195],"provide":[155],"classification":[157],"schemes.":[162,176],"conduct":[166],"comprehensive":[168],"performance":[169],"evaluation":[172],"SGC":[175],"addition":[178],"features,":[182,193],"consider":[184],"resistance":[186],"one":[189],"describe":[196],"application":[198],"usage":[200],"area":[201],"considering":[202],"resource-constrained":[204],"real-world":[205],"scenario":[206],"where":[207],"important":[212],"issue.":[213]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-08-11T07:18:39.950985","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}