{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4385153999","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2023.3297889","title":"Radar Self-Following Shopping Cart Based on Multi-Sensor Fusion","display_name":"Radar Self-Following Shopping Cart Based on Multi-Sensor Fusion","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4385153999","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2023.3297889"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2023.3297889","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2023.3297889","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/10189849.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/10189849.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5087925166","display_name":"Lei Yao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7920-4871"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I148128674","display_name":"University of Shanghai for Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00ay9v204","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I148128674"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Lei Yao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Yangpu, China","Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology Yangpu, Shanghai, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Yangpu, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I148128674"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology Yangpu, Shanghai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I148128674"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Tianhao Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0003-5606-6906"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I148128674","display_name":"University of Shanghai for Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00ay9v204","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I148128674"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tianhao Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Yangpu, China","Department of Automation, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology Yangpu, Shanghai, China","Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology Yangpu, Shanghai, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Yangpu, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I148128674"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Automation, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology Yangpu, Shanghai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I148128674"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology Yangpu, Shanghai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I148128674"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5000144668","display_name":"Rui Tong","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4140-4813"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I148128674","display_name":"University of Shanghai for Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00ay9v204","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I148128674"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rui Tong","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Yangpu, China","Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology Yangpu, Shanghai, China","Department of Automation, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology Yangpu, Shanghai, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Yangpu, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I148128674"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology Yangpu, Shanghai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I148128674"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Automation, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology Yangpu, Shanghai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I148128674"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100437147","display_name":"Kai Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0006-7693-1807"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I148128674","display_name":"University of Shanghai for Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00ay9v204","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I148128674"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kai Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Yangpu, China","Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology Yangpu, Shanghai, China","Department of Automation, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology Yangpu, Shanghai, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Yangpu, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I148128674"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology Yangpu, Shanghai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I148128674"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Automation, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology Yangpu, Shanghai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I148128674"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5001051217","display_name":"Lingxiang Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0529-2252"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I148128674","display_name":"University of Shanghai for Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00ay9v204","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I148128674"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lingxiang Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Yangpu, China","Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology Yangpu, Shanghai, China","Department of Automation, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology Yangpu, Shanghai, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Yangpu, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I148128674"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology Yangpu, Shanghai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I148128674"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Automation, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology Yangpu, Shanghai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I148128674"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5087925166"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I148128674"],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":0.4396,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":4,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.60749488,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"11","issue":null,"first_page":"77055","last_page":"77072"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11099","display_name":"Autonomous Vehicle Technology and Safety","score":0.9707000255584717,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2203","display_name":"Automotive Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11099","display_name":"Autonomous Vehicle Technology and Safety","score":0.9707000255584717,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2203","display_name":"Automotive Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11344","display_name":"Traffic Prediction and Management Techniques","score":0.9595000147819519,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2215","display_name":"Building and Construction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12406","display_name":"IoT and GPS-based Vehicle Safety Systems","score":0.9308000206947327,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2210","display_name":"Mechanical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8120008707046509},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/real-time-computing","display_name":"Real-time computing","score":0.4936910569667816},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/interface","display_name":"Interface (matter)","score":0.4852299690246582},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sensor-fusion","display_name":"Sensor fusion","score":0.4775453507900238},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cloud-computing","display_name":"Cloud computing","score":0.45418137311935425},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/queue","display_name":"Queue","score":0.44656023383140564},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/login","display_name":"Login","score":0.416475385427475},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/embedded-system","display_name":"Embedded system","score":0.33634746074676514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.2941429018974304},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.2804129123687744},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.15703102946281433},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operating-system","display_name":"Operating system","score":0.12952417135238647}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8120008707046509},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79403827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3988","display_name":"Real-time computing","level":1,"score":0.4936910569667816},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C113843644","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q901882","display_name":"Interface (matter)","level":4,"score":0.4852299690246582},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33954974","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q486494","display_name":"Sensor fusion","level":2,"score":0.4775453507900238},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79974875","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q483639","display_name":"Cloud computing","level":2,"score":0.45418137311935425},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160403385","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q220543","display_name":"Queue","level":2,"score":0.44656023383140564},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C113324615","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q472302","display_name":"Login","level":2,"score":0.416475385427475},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149635348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193040","display_name":"Embedded system","level":1,"score":0.33634746074676514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.2941429018974304},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.2804129123687744},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.15703102946281433},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.12952417135238647},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C129307140","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6795880","display_name":"Maximum bubble pressure method","level":3,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C157915830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2928001","display_name":"Bubble","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2023.3297889","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2023.3297889","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/10189849.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:928896c1c1124fc0b96ead3c58e238ee","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/928896c1c1124fc0b96ead3c58e238ee","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 11, Pp 77055-77072 (2023)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2023.3297889","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2023.3297889","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/10189849.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.5,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9","display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1231421488","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"under","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2087396116","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"China","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3317480652","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Science","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3375867770","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"51707121","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5994120800","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Natural","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4385153999.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4385153999.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":43,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W639708223","https://openalex.org/W2109255472","https://openalex.org/W2126622864","https://openalex.org/W2198580501","https://openalex.org/W2565639579","https://openalex.org/W2727945906","https://openalex.org/W2884585870","https://openalex.org/W2941593869","https://openalex.org/W2944468116","https://openalex.org/W2947882567","https://openalex.org/W2959268350","https://openalex.org/W2963037989","https://openalex.org/W2968849066","https://openalex.org/W2988452521","https://openalex.org/W2989608398","https://openalex.org/W2996945478","https://openalex.org/W3015983035","https://openalex.org/W3020528462","https://openalex.org/W3028827634","https://openalex.org/W3033300643","https://openalex.org/W3036111983","https://openalex.org/W3047731953","https://openalex.org/W3083211232","https://openalex.org/W3083733984","https://openalex.org/W3092644558","https://openalex.org/W3094052457","https://openalex.org/W3094239751","https://openalex.org/W3110014571","https://openalex.org/W3129582973","https://openalex.org/W3139268155","https://openalex.org/W3153779500","https://openalex.org/W3160499679","https://openalex.org/W3176231905","https://openalex.org/W3207753924","https://openalex.org/W4255340948","https://openalex.org/W4286543387","https://openalex.org/W4320002812","https://openalex.org/W4366979076","https://openalex.org/W4372232585","https://openalex.org/W4379086701","https://openalex.org/W6620707391","https://openalex.org/W6753412334","https://openalex.org/W6782524817"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4235220108","https://openalex.org/W4256170434","https://openalex.org/W4233948907","https://openalex.org/W4238894392","https://openalex.org/W4311722428","https://openalex.org/W2357607877","https://openalex.org/W4238771742","https://openalex.org/W4235839583","https://openalex.org/W4396833206","https://openalex.org/W4243085862"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Long":[0],"queues":[1],"of":[2,27,30,61,83,116,145,153,160,172,194,211,221],"people":[3],"waiting":[4],"for":[5,215],"a":[6,36,59,123,150,164,205],"settlement":[7],"in":[8,125,176,223],"global":[9],"shopping":[10,39,213],"supermarkets":[11],"are":[12],"bustling":[13],"with":[14],"traffic.":[15],"In":[16],"order":[17],"to":[18,104,149,184,203],"further":[19],"improve":[20],"operating":[21],"efficiency":[22],"and":[23,50,80,119,158,174,188,198],"reduce":[24],"the":[25,31,64,69,81,91,97,106,114,126,130,136,142,146,156,161,170,177,192,208,212,224],"cost":[26],"manual":[28],"operation":[29,144],"supermarket,":[32,178],"this":[33],"article":[34],"proposes":[35],"multi-sensor":[37,137],"integration":[38],"cart":[40,214],"system,":[41],"which":[42],"mainly":[43],"includes":[44],"image":[45],"recognition,":[46],"radar":[47,110,206],"self-following":[48,207],"technology":[49,139,197],"road":[51],"patrol.":[52],"The":[53,108,218],"improved":[54],"SIFT":[55],"algorithm":[56],"effectively":[57],"identifies":[58],"variety":[60],"commodities.":[62],"At":[63],"same":[65],"time,":[66],"relying":[67],"on":[68],"public":[70],"cloud":[71],"platform,":[72],"discount":[73],"information":[74],"is":[75,94,133,226],"recommended":[76],"through":[77],"WeChat":[78],"programs,":[79],"development":[82],"member":[84],"users":[85],"login":[86],"interface.":[87],"After":[88],"comprehensive":[89],"calculation,":[90],"total":[92],"price":[93],"displayed":[95],"by":[96,102],"EAIDK-610":[98],"user":[99],"interface":[100],"edited":[101],"Tkinter":[103],"complete":[105],"checkout.":[107],"LD-14":[109],"used":[111],"can":[112,140],"realize":[113],"functions":[115],"autonomous":[117],"follow-up":[118],"pedestrian":[120],"obstacles.":[121],"When":[122],"sensor":[124],"system":[127,147,225],"fails":[128],"or":[129],"detection":[131],"deviation":[132],"too":[134],"large,":[135],"fusion":[138],"ensure":[141],"normal":[143],"due":[148],"certain":[151],"degree":[152],"redundant.":[154],"Improve":[155],"credibility":[157],"effectiveness":[159],"data":[162],"as":[163,227,229],"whole.":[165],"This":[166],"not":[167],"only":[168],"solves":[169],"problem":[171],"queuing":[173],"checkout":[175],"but":[179],"also":[180],"helps":[181],"brand":[182],"merchants":[183],"achieve":[185],"precise":[186],"marketing":[187],"scenario":[189],"access.":[190],"Finally,":[191],"use":[193],"computer":[195],"vision":[196],"various":[199],"embedded":[200],"hardware":[201,209],"devices":[202],"build":[204],"prototype":[210],"experimental":[216],"verification.":[217],"average":[219],"accuracy":[220],"APs":[222],"high":[228],"98.31%and":[230],"97.28%,":[231],"respectively.":[232]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-04-13T07:58:08.660418","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}