{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4384080242","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2023.3294479","title":"A Comprehensive Survey on the Cooperation of Fog Computing Paradigm-Based IoT Applications: Layered Architecture, Real-Time Security Issues, and Solutions","display_name":"A Comprehensive Survey on the Cooperation of Fog Computing Paradigm-Based IoT Applications: Layered Architecture, Real-Time Security Issues, and Solutions","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4384080242","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2023.3294479"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2023.3294479","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2023.3294479","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/10179927.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/10179927.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5051020638","display_name":"Muhammad Burhan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7876-7987"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1323252656","display_name":"Information Technology University","ror":"https://ror.org/00ngv8j44","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1323252656"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I172780181","display_name":"University of the Punjab","ror":"https://ror.org/011maz450","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I172780181"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Muhammad Burhan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Information Technology, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7876-7987","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Information Technology, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I172780181","https://openalex.org/I1323252656"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5024016540","display_name":"Hina Alam","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I87482320","display_name":"University of Management and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/0095xcq10","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I87482320"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hina Alam","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Systems and Technology, University of Management and Technology, Lahore, Pakistan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5325-1725","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Systems and Technology, University of Management and Technology, Lahore, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I87482320"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5006686315","display_name":"Ahmad Arsalan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9406-398X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I192392021","display_name":"University of Central Punjab","ror":"https://ror.org/04g0mqe67","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I192392021"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ahmad Arsalan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Information Technology and Computer Science, University of Central Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9406-398X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Information Technology and Computer Science, University of Central Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I192392021"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5019037621","display_name":"Rana Asif Rehman","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3263-4211"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I201384688","display_name":"National University of Computer and Emerging Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/003eyb898","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I201384688"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rana Asif Rehman","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, National University of Computer and Emerging Sciences, Lahore Campus, Lahore, Pakistan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3263-4211","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, National University of Computer and Emerging Sciences, Lahore Campus, Lahore, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I201384688"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5010653042","display_name":"Muhammad Anwar","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0615-3038"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3130814776","display_name":"University of Okara","ror":"https://ror.org/02fmg6q11","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3130814776"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I5100685","display_name":"University of Education","ror":"https://ror.org/052z7nw84","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I5100685"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Muhammad Anwar","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Information Sciences, Division of Science and Technology, University of Education, Lahore, Pakistan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0615-3038","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Information Sciences, Division of Science and Technology, University of Education, Lahore, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I5100685","https://openalex.org/I3130814776"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5113665999","display_name":"Muhammad Faheem","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4628-4486"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I79765343","display_name":"University of Vaasa","ror":"https://ror.org/03769b225","country_code":"FI","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I79765343"]}],"countries":["FI"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Muhammad Faheem","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Technology and Innovations, University of Vaasa, Vaasa, Finland","Department of Computing (Innovations & Technology), University of Vaasa, Vaasa, Finland"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4628-4486","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Technology and Innovations, University of Vaasa, Vaasa, Finland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I79765343"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computing (Innovations & Technology), University of Vaasa, Vaasa, Finland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I79765343"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101822437","display_name":"Muhammad Waqar Ashraf","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7087-9714"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I127670440","display_name":"Bahauddin Zakariya University","ror":"https://ror.org/05x817c41","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I127670440"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Muhammad Waqar Ashraf","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Engineering, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Pakistan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Engineering, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I127670440"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":7,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":12.8967,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":68,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99088582,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":98,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"11","issue":null,"first_page":"73303","last_page":"73329"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10273","display_name":"IoT and Edge/Fog Computing","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10273","display_name":"IoT and Edge/Fog Computing","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10270","display_name":"Blockchain Technology Applications and Security","score":0.9926000237464905,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10444","display_name":"Context-Aware Activity Recognition Systems","score":0.9891999959945679,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7267768383026123},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/architecture","display_name":"Architecture","score":0.6687456965446472},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fog-computing","display_name":"Fog computing","score":0.6450391411781311},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/internet-of-things","display_name":"Internet of Things","score":0.5557559132575989},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.40095254778862},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-architecture","display_name":"Computer architecture","score":0.3378027081489563}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7267768383026123},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C123657996","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12271","display_name":"Architecture","level":2,"score":0.6687456965446472},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2986652147","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21809931","display_name":"Fog computing","level":3,"score":0.6450391411781311},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81860439","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q251212","display_name":"Internet of Things","level":2,"score":0.5557559132575989},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.40095254778862},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118524514","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173212","display_name":"Computer architecture","level":1,"score":0.3378027081489563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153349607","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36649","display_name":"Visual arts","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142362112","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q735","display_name":"Art","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2023.3294479","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2023.3294479","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/10179927.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:osuva.uwasa.fi:10024/16325","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://osuva.uwasa.fi/handle/10024/16325","pdf_url":"https://osuva.uwasa.fi/bitstream/10024/16325/2/Osuva_Burhan_Alam_Arsalan_Rehman_Anwar_Faheem_Ashraf_2023.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400974","display_name":"Osuva (University of Vaasa)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I79765343","host_organization_name":"University of Vaasa","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I79765343"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"WOS:001038303600001","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:816ad0e4a8084eeb83e3c18858924928","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/816ad0e4a8084eeb83e3c18858924928","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 11, Pp 73303-73329 (2023)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2023.3294479","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2023.3294479","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/10179927.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.44999998807907104,"display_name":"Partnerships for the goals","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/17"}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F2525045147","display_name":"Vaasan yliopisto","ror":null},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321108","display_name":"Academy of Finland","ror":"https://ror.org/05k73zm37"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4384080242.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4384080242.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":229,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W39299451","https://openalex.org/W66767074","https://openalex.org/W67681254","https://openalex.org/W271922137","https://openalex.org/W1489073918","https://openalex.org/W1489169327","https://openalex.org/W1498316612","https://openalex.org/W1510811198","https://openalex.org/W1512495722","https://openalex.org/W1520914943","https://openalex.org/W1562030840","https://openalex.org/W1563779243","https://openalex.org/W1581827225","https://openalex.org/W1584443301","https://openalex.org/W1682451491","https://openalex.org/W1837982953","https://openalex.org/W1926090661","https://openalex.org/W1943579973","https://openalex.org/W1963539528","https://openalex.org/W1963576557","https://openalex.org/W1964344998","https://openalex.org/W1966908937","https://openalex.org/W1967880185","https://openalex.org/W1971673042","https://openalex.org/W1971991172","https://openalex.org/W1975379709","https://openalex.org/W1977930421","https://openalex.org/W1981029888","https://openalex.org/W1981968369","https://openalex.org/W1982950856","https://openalex.org/W1983471723","https://openalex.org/W1984922480","https://openalex.org/W1992007967","https://openalex.org/W1993210145","https://openalex.org/W1994212665","https://openalex.org/W2005358011","https://openalex.org/W2007717004","https://openalex.org/W2009033060","https://openalex.org/W2015455916","https://openalex.org/W2016458904","https://openalex.org/W2020928798","https://openalex.org/W2021684872","https://openalex.org/W2025725145","https://openalex.org/W2028282576","https://openalex.org/W2031533839","https://openalex.org/W2031736796","https://openalex.org/W2033530594","https://openalex.org/W2037759417","https://openalex.org/W2038206765","https://openalex.org/W2040128811","https://openalex.org/W2047826381","https://openalex.org/W2054539343","https://openalex.org/W2060445686","https://openalex.org/W2062802747","https://openalex.org/W2067269806","https://openalex.org/W2068143382","https://openalex.org/W2069633461","https://openalex.org/W2081697640","https://openalex.org/W2082928373","https://openalex.org/W2083533476","https://openalex.org/W2090942719","https://openalex.org/W2092335398","https://openalex.org/W2092425809","https://openalex.org/W2100215144","https://openalex.org/W2102791710","https://openalex.org/W2109001163","https://openalex.org/W2109682028","https://openalex.org/W2114623221","https://openalex.org/W2116075922","https://openalex.org/W2117036916","https://openalex.org/W2122516858","https://openalex.org/W2126601274","https://openalex.org/W2126925915","https://openalex.org/W2127699957","https://openalex.org/W2129633982","https://openalex.org/W2132172731","https://openalex.org/W2132539529","https://openalex.org/W2133259965","https://openalex.org/W2134661798","https://openalex.org/W2141558197","https://openalex.org/W2141982322","https://openalex.org/W2153281696","https://openalex.org/W2154126105","https://openalex.org/W2154816087","https://openalex.org/W2156030242","https://openalex.org/W2156186849","https://openalex.org/W2160944939","https://openalex.org/W2161030490","https://openalex.org/W2162567660","https://openalex.org/W2167535607","https://openalex.org/W2175661655","https://openalex.org/W2245189809","https://openalex.org/W2262390119","https://openalex.org/W2266684752","https://openalex.org/W2275211813","https://openalex.org/W2279729589","https://openalex.org/W2295019192","https://openalex.org/W2318454007","https://openalex.org/W2335223849","https://openalex.org/W2344626335","https://openalex.org/W2345464210","https://openalex.org/W2400148870","https://openalex.org/W2443633465","https://openalex.org/W2473418344","https://openalex.org/W2495824885","https://openalex.org/W2504933597","https://openalex.org/W2508394542","https://openalex.org/W2509467699","https://openalex.org/W2511933885","https://openalex.org/W2517336287","https://openalex.org/W2528054895","https://openalex.org/W2528101580","https://openalex.org/W2528462506","https://openalex.org/W2529480668","https://openalex.org/W2532521045","https://openalex.org/W2532967691","https://openalex.org/W2539436818","https://openalex.org/W2546930488","https://openalex.org/W2549687423","https://openalex.org/W2552931950","https://openalex.org/W2559094099","https://openalex.org/W2564566221","https://openalex.org/W2580440805","https://openalex.org/W2581688519","https://openalex.org/W2588556107","https://openalex.org/W2589526368","https://openalex.org/W2590328502","https://openalex.org/W2591915039","https://openalex.org/W2592908345","https://openalex.org/W2593818073","https://openalex.org/W2594536436","https://openalex.org/W2596492958","https://openalex.org/W2600058599","https://openalex.org/W2600164692","https://openalex.org/W2602140322","https://openalex.org/W2611893481","https://openalex.org/W2612942113","https://openalex.org/W2614222692","https://openalex.org/W2621285966","https://openalex.org/W2624749297","https://openalex.org/W2625481008","https://openalex.org/W2626046334","https://openalex.org/W2626161699","https://openalex.org/W2626411389","https://openalex.org/W2730079057","https://openalex.org/W2736823879","https://openalex.org/W2763925543","https://openalex.org/W2786337055","https://openalex.org/W2787594205","https://openalex.org/W2790257945","https://openalex.org/W2791328896","https://openalex.org/W2792213443","https://openalex.org/W2796447772","https://openalex.org/W2798149936","https://openalex.org/W2800696118","https://openalex.org/W2803097161","https://openalex.org/W2804812369","https://openalex.org/W2810586744","https://openalex.org/W2885463060","https://openalex.org/W2893028280","https://openalex.org/W2898367412","https://openalex.org/W2899429604","https://openalex.org/W2909168541","https://openalex.org/W2913934621","https://openalex.org/W2914917441","https://openalex.org/W2922511725","https://openalex.org/W2928975740","https://openalex.org/W2962766043","https://openalex.org/W3009109352","https://openalex.org/W3039274670","https://openalex.org/W3089522397","https://openalex.org/W3091933866","https://openalex.org/W3097396003","https://openalex.org/W3099200343","https://openalex.org/W3108643162","https://openalex.org/W3110547954","https://openalex.org/W3111288713","https://openalex.org/W3113081412","https://openalex.org/W3119712063","https://openalex.org/W3120489620","https://openalex.org/W3132360177","https://openalex.org/W3134274385","https://openalex.org/W3138269143","https://openalex.org/W3163831386","https://openalex.org/W3164721774","https://openalex.org/W3179706379","https://openalex.org/W3184736002","https://openalex.org/W3189120619","https://openalex.org/W3195658790","https://openalex.org/W3198370051","https://openalex.org/W3199769455","https://openalex.org/W3200013386","https://openalex.org/W3204170102","https://openalex.org/W3211097470","https://openalex.org/W3217694425","https://openalex.org/W4205430352","https://openalex.org/W4205788220","https://openalex.org/W4205963049","https://openalex.org/W4206416798","https://openalex.org/W4206510620","https://openalex.org/W4206530705","https://openalex.org/W4206695590","https://openalex.org/W4210723092","https://openalex.org/W4210895381","https://openalex.org/W4212777601","https://openalex.org/W4213343024","https://openalex.org/W4214842009","https://openalex.org/W4214921276","https://openalex.org/W4220963030","https://openalex.org/W4220966162","https://openalex.org/W4225880077","https://openalex.org/W4226062437","https://openalex.org/W4226078906","https://openalex.org/W4232617898","https://openalex.org/W4246200670","https://openalex.org/W4248649186","https://openalex.org/W4249212548","https://openalex.org/W6629452307","https://openalex.org/W6629862473","https://openalex.org/W6667374887","https://openalex.org/W6674914821","https://openalex.org/W6727864419","https://openalex.org/W6728906573","https://openalex.org/W6735853710","https://openalex.org/W6753165254","https://openalex.org/W6760808304","https://openalex.org/W6801576547","https://openalex.org/W6808522051","https://openalex.org/W6939767756"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4245926026","https://openalex.org/W4311097251","https://openalex.org/W2586548817","https://openalex.org/W2625093826","https://openalex.org/W4200598720","https://openalex.org/W2921026492","https://openalex.org/W4247463117","https://openalex.org/W4361251261","https://openalex.org/W2038503502","https://openalex.org/W4285553818"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0],"Internet":[1],"of":[2,7,18,68,76,115,154,160],"Things":[3],"(IoT)":[4],"permits":[5],"billions":[6],"objects":[8],"to":[9,48,55,97,109,129,136,183],"communicate":[10],"with":[11,46,198],"each":[12],"other.":[13],"With":[14],"the":[15,40,50,56,62,69,74,77,80,98,110,113,130,151,164,178,185,190,192,199,204,213],"rapid":[16],"growth":[17],"its":[19],"applications,":[20],"it":[21,60,88,96,101],"faces":[22],"various":[23],"challenges":[24,173,194],"such":[25],"as":[26,107,174,176],"high":[27],"latency,":[28],"low":[29],"processing":[30],"and":[31,34,65,86],"storage":[32],"capacity,":[33],"network":[35,83],"failure.":[36],"For":[37],"this":[38,133,147],"purpose,":[39],"fog":[41,165],"computing":[42,52,71,166],"paradigm":[43,53,72],"is":[44],"associated":[45],"IoT":[47,57,82,91,117,140,156,161,206],"bring":[49],"cloud":[51,70],"closer":[54],"devices.":[58],"Thus,":[59],"extends":[61],"computing,":[63],"storage,":[64],"networking":[66],"facilities":[67],"toward":[73],"edge":[75],"network.":[78],"However,":[79,132],"fog-based":[81,116,139,155,205],"processes":[84],"data":[85],"stores":[87],"locally":[89],"at":[90],"devices":[92],"rather":[93],"than":[94],"sending":[95],"cloud.":[99,111],"Further,":[100],"also":[102],"provides":[103],"a":[104],"faster":[105],"response":[106],"compared":[108],"Unfortunately,":[112],"characteristics":[114],"networks":[118,157,207],"arise":[119],"traditional":[120],"real-time":[121,143,171,186],"security":[122,144,172,187],"challenges,":[123],"which":[124],"may":[125],"increase":[126],"severe":[127],"concern":[128],"end-users.":[131],"paper":[134],"aims":[135],"focus":[137],"on":[138],"communication,":[141],"targeting":[142],"challenges.":[145,188],"In":[146,189],"paper,":[148],"we":[149,169],"review":[150,177],"layered":[152],"architecture":[153],"along":[158,197],"working":[159],"applications":[162],"under":[163],"paradigm.":[167],"Furthermore,":[168],"demonstrate":[170],"well":[175],"existing":[179],"possible":[180],"solutions":[181],"used":[182],"address":[184],"end,":[191],"research":[193,201,214],"are":[195],"discussed":[196],"future":[200],"directions":[202],"in":[203],"that":[208],"should":[209],"be":[210],"addressed":[211],"by":[212],"community.":[215]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":22},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":30},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":5}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}