{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4383750973","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2023.3293592","title":"ConvFormer: Tracking by Fusing Convolution and Transformer Features","display_name":"ConvFormer: Tracking by Fusing Convolution and Transformer Features","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4383750973","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2023.3293592"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2023.3293592","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2023.3293592","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/10176344.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/10176344.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5003627947","display_name":"Chao Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6076-836X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I82880672","display_name":"Beihang University","ror":"https://ror.org/00wk2mp56","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I82880672"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Chao Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, Beihang University, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6076-836X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, Beihang University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I82880672"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5003627947"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I82880672"],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":0.9199,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":8,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.76567205,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"11","issue":null,"first_page":"74855","last_page":"74864"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10331","display_name":"Video Surveillance and Tracking Methods","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10331","display_name":"Video Surveillance and Tracking Methods","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11133","display_name":"UAV Applications and Optimization","score":0.992900013923645,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12597","display_name":"Fire Detection and Safety Systems","score":0.986299991607666,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2213","display_name":"Safety, Risk, Reliability and Quality"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7770581245422363},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature-extraction","display_name":"Feature extraction","score":0.7183717489242554},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/robustness","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","score":0.6530279517173767},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bittorrent-tracker","display_name":"BitTorrent tracker","score":0.6364733576774597},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.6337243914604187},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.4987621307373047},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.4220951497554779},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transformer","display_name":"Transformer","score":0.41972625255584717},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/eye-tracking","display_name":"Eye tracking","score":0.12469038367271423},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.12085762619972229}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7770581245422363},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52622490","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1026626","display_name":"Feature extraction","level":2,"score":0.7183717489242554},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C63479239","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7353546","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","level":3,"score":0.6530279517173767},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C57501372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2021268","display_name":"BitTorrent tracker","level":3,"score":0.6364733576774597},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6337243914604187},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.4987621307373047},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.4220951497554779},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C66322947","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11658","display_name":"Transformer","level":3,"score":0.41972625255584717},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C56461940","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q970687","display_name":"Eye tracking","level":2,"score":0.12469038367271423},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.12085762619972229},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165801399","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25428","display_name":"Voltage","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104317684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187","display_name":"Gene","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2023.3293592","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2023.3293592","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/10176344.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:03d959c77adc4ebb8e48e8b31b6d61e6","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/03d959c77adc4ebb8e48e8b31b6d61e6","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 11, Pp 74855-74864 (2023)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2023.3293592","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2023.3293592","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/10176344.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9","score":0.4099999964237213}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4383750973.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4383750973.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":55,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2158592639","https://openalex.org/W2504335775","https://openalex.org/W2518876086","https://openalex.org/W2557641257","https://openalex.org/W2794744029","https://openalex.org/W2799058067","https://openalex.org/W2886904239","https://openalex.org/W2886910176","https://openalex.org/W2890678738","https://openalex.org/W2891033863","https://openalex.org/W2898200825","https://openalex.org/W2908510526","https://openalex.org/W2913466142","https://openalex.org/W2962766617","https://openalex.org/W2963227409","https://openalex.org/W2963534981","https://openalex.org/W2964423614","https://openalex.org/W2966759264","https://openalex.org/W2989688045","https://openalex.org/W2997747012","https://openalex.org/W2998434318","https://openalex.org/W3001584168","https://openalex.org/W3035511673","https://openalex.org/W3035571898","https://openalex.org/W3108235634","https://openalex.org/W3108519869","https://openalex.org/W3138516171","https://openalex.org/W3179565244","https://openalex.org/W3194790201","https://openalex.org/W3203510176","https://openalex.org/W3203857058","https://openalex.org/W3204540098","https://openalex.org/W3214586131","https://openalex.org/W4214759957","https://openalex.org/W4226077544","https://openalex.org/W4285603016","https://openalex.org/W4312323989","https://openalex.org/W4312472480","https://openalex.org/W4312532041","https://openalex.org/W4312651496","https://openalex.org/W4312751983","https://openalex.org/W4312805142","https://openalex.org/W4313156423","https://openalex.org/W4378501271","https://openalex.org/W4385245566","https://openalex.org/W4386066081","https://openalex.org/W4386066459","https://openalex.org/W6739901393","https://openalex.org/W6757817989","https://openalex.org/W6760424586","https://openalex.org/W6798046461","https://openalex.org/W6805147364","https://openalex.org/W6852685116","https://openalex.org/W6852835101","https://openalex.org/W6855632172"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2541791370","https://openalex.org/W2035976912","https://openalex.org/W3094187672","https://openalex.org/W3036550512","https://openalex.org/W187963228","https://openalex.org/W2995106652","https://openalex.org/W2921707373","https://openalex.org/W4386597354","https://openalex.org/W2909428641","https://openalex.org/W2811390910"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Current":[0],"mainstream":[1],"single-object":[2],"trackers":[3],"adopt":[4],"the":[5,8,16,36,44,50,58,64,74,96,115,118,129,136,162,176,196],"Transformer":[6],"as":[7],"backbone":[9],"for":[10,95],"target":[11],"tracking.":[12],"However,":[13],"due":[14],"to":[15,34,42,113,127,194],"Transformer\u2019s":[17],"limitations":[18],"in":[19],"local":[20,51,90],"information":[21],"acquisition":[22],"and":[23,71,76,89,93,98,108,134,158],"position":[24],"encoding,":[25],"we":[26,79,104,122,189],"proposed":[27],"a":[28,110,124],"new":[29],"tracking":[30],"framework":[31,40,145],"called":[32],"ConvFormer":[33,119],"enhance":[35],"model\u2019s":[37,137],"performance.":[38],"Our":[39,144],"aims":[41],"improve":[43,135],"feature":[45,52,60,69,91],"extraction":[46,53,61,70,92],"ability":[47,54,62],"by":[48,169,183],"combining":[49],"of":[55,63,73,117,131,198],"CNN":[56],"with":[57,171,185],"global":[59,88],"Transformer.":[65],"To":[66],"achieve":[67],"synchronous":[68],"fusion":[72,94],"template":[75,97],"search":[77,99],"region,":[78],"propose":[80],"Mix":[81],"Net":[82],"Module":[83],"(MNM),":[84],"which":[85],"achieves":[86],"both":[87],"regions.":[100],"Based":[101],"on":[102,149,161,175],"MNM,":[103],"stacked":[105],"MNM":[106],"modules":[107],"added":[109],"location":[111],"head":[112],"complete":[114],"construction":[116],"framework.":[120],"Moreover,":[121],"designed":[123],"post-processing":[125],"module":[126],"reduce":[128],"impact":[130],"tracker":[132,166,180],"mistracking":[133],"robustness":[138],"against":[139],"interference":[140],"from":[141],"similar":[142],"objects.":[143],"achieved":[146],"state-of-the-art":[147],"performance":[148],"six":[150],"benchmarks,":[151],"including":[152],"OTB2015,":[153],"VOT2018,":[154],"GOT-10k,":[155],"LaSOT,":[156],"TrackingNet,":[157],"UAV123.":[159],"Notably,":[160],"TrackingNet":[163],"dataset,":[164,178],"our":[165,179,199],"outperformed":[167],"OSTrack":[168,182],"1.4%":[170],"83.2%":[172],"precision.":[173,187],"Additionally,":[174],"LaSOT":[177],"surpassed":[181],"2.6%":[184],"77.4%":[186],"Finally,":[188],"conducted":[190],"numerous":[191],"ablation":[192],"experiments":[193],"validate":[195],"efficacy":[197],"approach.":[200]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-05-10T08:33:47.465468","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}