{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4383751686","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2023.3293489","title":"Beamforming for NOMA Under Similar Channel Conditions Including Near-Field Formulation","display_name":"Beamforming for NOMA Under Similar Channel Conditions Including Near-Field Formulation","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4383751686","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2023.3293489"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2023.3293489","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2023.3293489","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/10177152.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/10177152.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5092438366","display_name":"\u00c1lvaro Pend\u00e1s-Recondo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8029-8024"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I165339363","display_name":"Universidad de Oviedo","ror":"https://ror.org/006gksa02","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I165339363"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"\u00c1lvaro Pend\u00e1s-Recondo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering, Group of Signal Theory and Communications, University of Oviedo, Gij&#x00F3;n, Spain"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8029-8024","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, Group of Signal Theory and Communications, University of Oviedo, Gij&#x00F3;n, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I165339363"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5003850349","display_name":"Rafael Gonz\u00e1lez Ayestar\u00e1n","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9775-9448"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I165339363","display_name":"Universidad de Oviedo","ror":"https://ror.org/006gksa02","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I165339363"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rafael Gonz\u00e1lez Ayestar\u00e1n","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering, Group of Signal Theory and Communications, University of Oviedo, Gij&#x00F3;n, Spain"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9775-9448","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, Group of Signal Theory and Communications, University of Oviedo, Gij&#x00F3;n, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I165339363"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5066416804","display_name":"Jes\u00fas A. L\u00f3pez\u2010Fern\u00e1ndez","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7603-9591"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I165339363","display_name":"Universidad de Oviedo","ror":"https://ror.org/006gksa02","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I165339363"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jes\u00fas Alberto L\u00f3pez-Fern\u00e1ndez","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering, Group of Signal Theory and Communications, University of Oviedo, Gij&#x00F3;n, Spain"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7603-9591","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, Group of Signal Theory and Communications, University of Oviedo, Gij&#x00F3;n, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I165339363"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I165339363"],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":1.3937,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":12,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.81064386,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"11","issue":null,"first_page":"71250","last_page":"71259"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11458","display_name":"Advanced Wireless Communication Technologies","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11458","display_name":"Advanced Wireless Communication Technologies","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10148","display_name":"Advanced MIMO Systems Optimization","score":0.9991999864578247,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11392","display_name":"Energy Harvesting in Wireless Networks","score":0.9975000023841858,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/noma","display_name":"Noma","score":0.817562460899353},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/beamforming","display_name":"Beamforming","score":0.7897202968597412},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications-link","display_name":"Telecommunications link","score":0.7701674699783325},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7488634586334229},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/time-division-multiple-access","display_name":"Time division multiple access","score":0.7234367728233337},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/channel","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","score":0.6043715476989746},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spectral-efficiency","display_name":"Spectral efficiency","score":0.5954980850219727},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/maximization","display_name":"Maximization","score":0.5641127824783325},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematical-optimization","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","score":0.5066569447517395},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless","display_name":"Wireless","score":0.44829443097114563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/femtocell","display_name":"Femtocell","score":0.44549256563186646},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.402547150850296},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.3468966484069824},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.2749101221561432},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/base-station","display_name":"Base station","score":0.21933019161224365},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.15878728032112122},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.09820616245269775}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775918612","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q994794","display_name":"Noma","level":3,"score":0.817562460899353},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54197355","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5782992","display_name":"Beamforming","level":2,"score":0.7897202968597412},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138660444","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5607897","display_name":"Telecommunications link","level":2,"score":0.7701674699783325},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7488634586334229},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C117313154","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q878344","display_name":"Time division multiple access","level":2,"score":0.7234367728233337},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127162648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16858953","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","level":2,"score":0.6043715476989746},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137246740","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q583970","display_name":"Spectral efficiency","level":3,"score":0.5954980850219727},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776330181","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18358244","display_name":"Maximization","level":2,"score":0.5641127824783325},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126255220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141495","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","level":1,"score":0.5066569447517395},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555944384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249","display_name":"Wireless","level":2,"score":0.44829443097114563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C152504517","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q572455","display_name":"Femtocell","level":3,"score":0.44549256563186646},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.402547150850296},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.3468966484069824},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.2749101221561432},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C68649174","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1379116","display_name":"Base station","level":2,"score":0.21933019161224365},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.15878728032112122},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.09820616245269775}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2023.3293489","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2023.3293489","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/10177152.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:e925efd0a503465aa939057e95befc9d","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/e925efd0a503465aa939057e95befc9d","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 11, Pp 71250-71259 (2023)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2023.3293489","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2023.3293489","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/10177152.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1509531748","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"AEI / 10.13039/501100011033","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322930","funder_display_name":"Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovaci\u00f3n"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1751847828","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"PID2020-114172RB-C21 / AEI / 10.13039/501100011033","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322930","funder_display_name":"Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovaci\u00f3n"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2172347656","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"FEDER under Project GRUPIN-IDI-2021-000097","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320313141","funder_display_name":"Gobierno del Principado de Asturias"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2262748287","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"501100011033","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335598","funder_display_name":"Agencia Estatal de Investigaci\u00f3n"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2309174360","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"10.13039","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322930","funder_display_name":"Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovaci\u00f3n"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2938069812","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"PID2020-114172RB-C21","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335598","funder_display_name":"Agencia Estatal de Investigaci\u00f3n"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G300979063","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"10.13039/501100011033","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335598","funder_display_name":"Agencia Estatal de Investigaci\u00f3n"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3480869486","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"13039","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335598","funder_display_name":"Agencia Estatal de Investigaci\u00f3n"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4429097262","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"AEI / 10.13039/501100011033","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335598","funder_display_name":"Agencia Estatal de Investigaci\u00f3n"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5080475149","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"10.13039","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335598","funder_display_name":"Agencia Estatal de Investigaci\u00f3n"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5143823493","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"?Severo Ochoa?Program Grant no. BP21-116.","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320313141","funder_display_name":"Gobierno del Principado de Asturias"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5421974903","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"501100011033","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322930","funder_display_name":"Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovaci\u00f3n"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5805502524","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"PID2020","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322930","funder_display_name":"Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovaci\u00f3n"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6589649124","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"PID2020-","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322930","funder_display_name":"Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovaci\u00f3n"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6964880102","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"ENHANCE-5G (PID2020-114172RB-C21 / AEI / 10.13039","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322930","funder_display_name":"Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovaci\u00f3n"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7266728691","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"13039/501100011033","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335598","funder_display_name":"Agencia Estatal de Investigaci\u00f3n"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7643708868","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"10.13039/501100011033","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322930","funder_display_name":"Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovaci\u00f3n"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7945343935","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"PID2020-114172RB-C21","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322930","funder_display_name":"Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovaci\u00f3n"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8055432103","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"13039/501100011033","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322930","funder_display_name":"Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovaci\u00f3n"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320313141","display_name":"Gobierno del Principado de Asturias","ror":"https://ror.org/05mj4yh71"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322930","display_name":"Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovaci\u00f3n","ror":"https://ror.org/034900433"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335598","display_name":"Agencia Estatal de Investigaci\u00f3n","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4383751686.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4383751686.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":37,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W126703173","https://openalex.org/W799925607","https://openalex.org/W2004699544","https://openalex.org/W2012338691","https://openalex.org/W2027563534","https://openalex.org/W2065365556","https://openalex.org/W2085486577","https://openalex.org/W2098918476","https://openalex.org/W2107804093","https://openalex.org/W2125984871","https://openalex.org/W2127542833","https://openalex.org/W2148622067","https://openalex.org/W2289565584","https://openalex.org/W2509696551","https://openalex.org/W2551126468","https://openalex.org/W2754267164","https://openalex.org/W2898783243","https://openalex.org/W2912839829","https://openalex.org/W2951205086","https://openalex.org/W2963036736","https://openalex.org/W2963336322","https://openalex.org/W2963385511","https://openalex.org/W2963698325","https://openalex.org/W2965716521","https://openalex.org/W2993149479","https://openalex.org/W3024776269","https://openalex.org/W3044343735","https://openalex.org/W3096685595","https://openalex.org/W3121687024","https://openalex.org/W3153286343","https://openalex.org/W3188049147","https://openalex.org/W4211013872","https://openalex.org/W4237741287","https://openalex.org/W6605144508","https://openalex.org/W6622848642","https://openalex.org/W6628629644","https://openalex.org/W6771408064"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2770984158","https://openalex.org/W4385945674","https://openalex.org/W4321488558","https://openalex.org/W4315783356","https://openalex.org/W3020513938","https://openalex.org/W3214754046","https://openalex.org/W2791584529","https://openalex.org/W2906868789","https://openalex.org/W2887674528","https://openalex.org/W4383751686"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Non-Orthogonal":[0],"Multiple":[1,227],"Access":[2,228],"(NOMA)":[3],"has":[4],"emerged":[5],"as":[6],"a":[7,115,159,185],"promising":[8],"strategy":[9],"for":[10],"increasing":[11],"spectral":[12],"efficiency":[13],"in":[14,66,114,158,207],"wireless":[15],"multiuser":[16],"communications.":[17],"The":[18,138],"performance":[19],"of":[20,60,69,112,133,144,153,184],"NOMA":[21,120,205],"highly":[22],"depends":[23],"on":[24],"the":[25,45,58,61,67,110,131,142,154,171,175,182,200],"users\u2019":[26],"channel":[27,55,99,127,196],"conditions,":[28],"being":[29],"enhanced":[30],"when":[31,51,130],"these":[32],"are":[33,88,136],"significantly":[34],"different,":[35],"i.e.,":[36],"one":[37,41,73],"strong":[38],"user":[39,84],"and":[40,174,223],"weak":[42],"user.":[43,74],"On":[44],"contrary,":[46],"rate":[47,124,209],"fairness":[48,125],"is":[49,101],"compromised":[50],"users":[52,96,135],"present":[53],"similar":[54,195],"conditions":[56,100,132,197],"since":[57],"maximization":[59],"sum":[62],"capacity":[63],"may":[64],"result":[65],"allocation":[68,173],"most":[70],"resources":[71],"to":[72,122,167,178,181,218],"In":[75,105],"general,":[76],"this":[77,106],"problem":[78,155],"can":[79],"be":[80,179],"avoided":[81],"with":[82,97,192],"correct":[83],"grouping.":[85],"However,":[86],"there":[87],"scenarios,":[89],"e.g.,":[90],"picocells":[91],"or":[92,194],"femtocells,":[93],"where":[94],"finding":[95],"distinctive":[98,193],"not":[102],"always":[103],"possible.":[104],"paper,":[107],"we":[108],"study":[109],"application":[111],"beamforming":[113,224],"two-user":[116],"Multiple-Input-Single-Output":[117],"(MISO)":[118],"downlink":[119],"system":[121],"achieve":[123],"through":[126],"shaping":[128],"even":[129],"both":[134,170],"similar.":[137],"proposed":[139,201],"formulation":[140],"includes":[141],"effect":[143],"Near-Field":[145],"(NF)":[146],"radiation,":[147],"which":[148],"yields":[149,213],"an":[150,164],"accurate":[151],"modeling":[152],"at":[156],"hand":[157],"small-cell":[160],"scenario.":[161],"We":[162],"use":[163],"optimization":[165],"algorithm":[166],"jointly":[168],"calculate":[169],"power":[172],"complex":[176],"weights":[177],"applied":[180],"elements":[183],"given":[186],"array.":[187],"Numerical":[188],"simulations":[189],"across":[190],"scenarios":[191],"show":[198],"that":[199],"approach":[202],"outperforms":[203],"alternative":[204],"methods":[206],"ensuring":[208],"fairness.":[210],"Additionally,":[211],"it":[212],"improved":[214],"overall":[215],"rates":[216],"compared":[217],"Far-Field":[219],"(FF)":[220],"formulation-based":[221],"modelling":[222],"Time":[225],"Division":[226],"(TDMA)":[229],"solutions.":[230]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":9}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
