{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4383212271","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2023.3292792","title":"Planar Antenna Arrays Beamforming Using Various Optimization Algorithms","display_name":"Planar Antenna Arrays Beamforming Using Various Optimization Algorithms","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4383212271","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2023.3292792"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2023.3292792","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2023.3292792","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/10173536.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/10173536.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5072116516","display_name":"Nancy Ghattas","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I114794399","display_name":"Suez Canal University","ror":"https://ror.org/02m82p074","country_code":"EG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I114794399"]}],"countries":["EG"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Nancy Ghattas","raw_affiliation_strings":["Electrical Engineering Department, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1775-6889","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Electrical Engineering Department, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I114794399"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5077421585","display_name":"Atef M. Ghuniem","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I114794399","display_name":"Suez Canal University","ror":"https://ror.org/02m82p074","country_code":"EG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I114794399"]}],"countries":["EG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Atef M. Ghuniem","raw_affiliation_strings":["Electrical Engineering Department, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Electrical Engineering Department, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I114794399"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5029728508","display_name":"Abdelazeem A. Abdelsalam","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3103-7220"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I114794399","display_name":"Suez Canal University","ror":"https://ror.org/02m82p074","country_code":"EG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I114794399"]}],"countries":["EG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Abdelazeem A. Abdelsalam","raw_affiliation_strings":["Electrical Engineering Department, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3103-7220","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Electrical Engineering Department, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I114794399"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5012007159","display_name":"Ahmed Magdy","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2565-5778"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I114794399","display_name":"Suez Canal University","ror":"https://ror.org/02m82p074","country_code":"EG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I114794399"]}],"countries":["EG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ahmed Magdy","raw_affiliation_strings":["Electrical Engineering Department, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2565-5778","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Electrical Engineering Department, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I114794399"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5072116516"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I114794399"],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":17.7185,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":22,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.98836295,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":99,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"11","issue":null,"first_page":"68486","last_page":"68500"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11946","display_name":"Antenna Design and Optimization","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11946","display_name":"Antenna Design and Optimization","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10069","display_name":"Antenna Design and Analysis","score":0.9962000250816345,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10262","display_name":"Microwave Engineering and Waveguides","score":0.9894999861717224,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/beamforming","display_name":"Beamforming","score":0.780117392539978},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/particle-swarm-optimization","display_name":"Particle swarm optimization","score":0.7657919526100159},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/antenna-array","display_name":"Antenna array","score":0.5903459191322327},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/metaheuristic","display_name":"Metaheuristic","score":0.575001060962677},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/antenna","display_name":"Antenna (radio)","score":0.5619271993637085},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5580454468727112},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/planar-array","display_name":"Planar array","score":0.55730140209198},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.5489155650138855},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematical-optimization","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","score":0.5033642649650574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/smart-antenna","display_name":"Smart antenna","score":0.4430212080478668},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/noise","display_name":"Noise (video)","score":0.4195341467857361},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optimization-problem","display_name":"Optimization problem","score":0.4173218011856079},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/planar","display_name":"Planar","score":0.4144715666770935},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.2733377516269684},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/directional-antenna","display_name":"Directional antenna","score":0.15633255243301392},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.1554185450077057},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.07231342792510986}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54197355","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5782992","display_name":"Beamforming","level":2,"score":0.780117392539978},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C85617194","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2072794","display_name":"Particle swarm optimization","level":2,"score":0.7657919526100159},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62191587","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4771249","display_name":"Antenna array","level":3,"score":0.5903459191322327},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C109718341","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1385229","display_name":"Metaheuristic","level":2,"score":0.575001060962677},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21822782","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131214","display_name":"Antenna (radio)","level":2,"score":0.5619271993637085},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5580454468727112},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775980084","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4771249","display_name":"Planar array","level":2,"score":0.55730140209198},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.5489155650138855},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126255220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141495","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","level":1,"score":0.5033642649650574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C143635782","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1187868","display_name":"Smart antenna","level":4,"score":0.4430212080478668},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99498987","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2210247","display_name":"Noise (video)","level":3,"score":0.4195341467857361},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137836250","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q984063","display_name":"Optimization problem","level":2,"score":0.4173218011856079},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134786449","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3391255","display_name":"Planar","level":2,"score":0.4144715666770935},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.2733377516269684},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C64671776","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q769152","display_name":"Directional antenna","level":3,"score":0.15633255243301392},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.1554185450077057},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.07231342792510986},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121684516","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7600677","display_name":"Computer graphics (images)","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2023.3292792","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2023.3292792","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/10173536.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:349e0b504bc841178fed0632b1a2e90e","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/349e0b504bc841178fed0632b1a2e90e","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 11, Pp 68486-68500 (2023)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2023.3292792","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2023.3292792","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/10173536.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4383212271.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4383212271.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":63,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1967535940","https://openalex.org/W1974588106","https://openalex.org/W1978009877","https://openalex.org/W1982686915","https://openalex.org/W2030284706","https://openalex.org/W2061438946","https://openalex.org/W2149995703","https://openalex.org/W2151554678","https://openalex.org/W2168907715","https://openalex.org/W2308236655","https://openalex.org/W2331036789","https://openalex.org/W2340506370","https://openalex.org/W2411121219","https://openalex.org/W2416614998","https://openalex.org/W2511540550","https://openalex.org/W2513584546","https://openalex.org/W2528265295","https://openalex.org/W2542691202","https://openalex.org/W2546980822","https://openalex.org/W2606803940","https://openalex.org/W2650159238","https://openalex.org/W2767053067","https://openalex.org/W2770010986","https://openalex.org/W2770073247","https://openalex.org/W2775736841","https://openalex.org/W2790586959","https://openalex.org/W2797814996","https://openalex.org/W2892234452","https://openalex.org/W2907531223","https://openalex.org/W2912006113","https://openalex.org/W2919979744","https://openalex.org/W2921283480","https://openalex.org/W2921958587","https://openalex.org/W2945604238","https://openalex.org/W2953810327","https://openalex.org/W2963609290","https://openalex.org/W2967640981","https://openalex.org/W2974160641","https://openalex.org/W2977448811","https://openalex.org/W2996850699","https://openalex.org/W3000167961","https://openalex.org/W3001885470","https://openalex.org/W3006816638","https://openalex.org/W3009587873","https://openalex.org/W3014974411","https://openalex.org/W3036710813","https://openalex.org/W3042457432","https://openalex.org/W3081499396","https://openalex.org/W3087652231","https://openalex.org/W3127206013","https://openalex.org/W3154719286","https://openalex.org/W3167738173","https://openalex.org/W3168810618","https://openalex.org/W3170220836","https://openalex.org/W3174441041","https://openalex.org/W3188336870","https://openalex.org/W4213166932","https://openalex.org/W4223934625","https://openalex.org/W4308885554","https://openalex.org/W4311632513","https://openalex.org/W6737186962","https://openalex.org/W6750187521","https://openalex.org/W6781803105"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2129833531","https://openalex.org/W2387599608","https://openalex.org/W2350495673","https://openalex.org/W2134293600","https://openalex.org/W2098014284","https://openalex.org/W2185446406","https://openalex.org/W2363346776","https://openalex.org/W2118184918","https://openalex.org/W2283492441","https://openalex.org/W1535656751"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Due":[0],"to":[1,47,67,152,191],"the":[2,8,26,34,38,49,69,84,129,147,153,157,161,166,173,176,203],"importance":[3],"of":[4,18,20,36,80,175,207],"beamforming":[5,19,81,141,194],"in":[6,76],"improving":[7],"communication":[9],"systems":[10],"performance,":[11],"this":[12],"paper":[13],"presents":[14],"a":[15],"novel":[16],"study":[17],"planar":[21],"antenna":[22,139,209],"arrays":[23],"(PAAs)":[24],"utilizing":[25],"Improved":[27],"Grey":[28,131],"Wolf":[29,132],"Optimization":[30,99,108,124],"(I-GWO)":[31],"algorithm":[32],"with":[33,91,109,165],"goal":[35],"minimizing":[37],"peak":[39],"sidelobe":[40,50],"level":[41,51],"(PSLL).":[42],"It":[43,197],"is":[44,65,86,144,184],"very":[45,185],"important":[46],"suppress":[48],"(SLL)":[52],"because":[53],"it":[54,90],"minimizes":[55],"interference":[56],"and":[57,73,187],"received":[58],"noise.":[59],"A":[60],"two-dimensional":[61],"(2D)":[62],"optimization":[63,82,149,195],"method":[64,150],"presented":[66],"find":[68],"optimal":[70],"amplitude":[71],"excitations":[72],"element":[74],"placements":[75],"PAA.":[77],"The":[78],"effectiveness":[79],"using":[83,142,146],"I-GWO":[85,143,183],"illustrated":[87],"by":[88],"comparing":[89],"different":[92,193,213],"metaheuristic":[93],"algorithms":[94],"such":[95],"as":[96,126,128],"Particle":[97,106],"Swarm":[98,107],"(PSO),":[100],"Gravitational":[101,110],"Search":[102,111],"Algorithm":[103,112,120],"(GSA),":[104],"Hybrid":[105],"(PSOGSA),":[113],"Runge":[114],"Kutta":[115],"Optimizer":[116,133],"(RUN),":[117],"Slime":[118],"Mould":[119],"(SMA),":[121],"Harris":[122],"Hawks":[123],"(HHO),":[125],"well":[127],"original":[130],"(GWO).":[134],"Simulation":[135],"findings":[136],"show":[137],"that":[138,182],"array":[140,168,210],"effective":[145],"2D":[148,158],"compared":[151],"other":[154,208],"algorithms,":[155],"where":[156],"technique":[159],"achieved":[160],"most":[162],"decreased":[163],"SLL":[164],"fewest":[167],"elements,":[169],"which":[170],"helps":[171],"reduce":[172],"cost":[174],"entire":[177],"system.":[178],"This":[179],"clearly":[180],"shows":[181],"efficient":[186],"can":[188,198],"be":[189,200],"applied":[190],"solve":[192],"problems.":[196],"also":[199],"used":[201],"for":[202,212],"radiation":[204],"pattern":[205],"synthesis":[206],"geometries":[211],"wireless":[214],"networks":[215],"applications.":[216]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":10}],"updated_date":"2026-05-06T08:25:59.206177","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
