{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4383220109","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2023.3292408","title":"Research on Modulation Recognition Algorithm Based on Channel and Spatial Self-Attention Mechanism","display_name":"Research on Modulation Recognition Algorithm Based on Channel and Spatial Self-Attention Mechanism","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4383220109","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2023.3292408"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2023.3292408","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2023.3292408","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/10173510.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/10173510.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5056388516","display_name":"Wenna Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0008-5671-5335"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I135714990","display_name":"North University of China","ror":"https://ror.org/047bp1713","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I135714990"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Wenna Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information and Communication Engineering, North University of China, Taiyuan, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0008-5671-5335","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information and Communication Engineering, North University of China, Taiyuan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I135714990"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101922676","display_name":"Yunqiang Sun","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0002-7715-5142"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I135714990","display_name":"North University of China","ror":"https://ror.org/047bp1713","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I135714990"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yunqiang Sun","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information and Communication Engineering, North University of China, Taiyuan, China","Key Laboratory of Instrumentation Science & Dynamic Measurement, Ministry of Education, North University of China, Taiyuan, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0002-7715-5142","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information and Communication Engineering, North University of China, Taiyuan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I135714990"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Instrumentation Science & Dynamic Measurement, Ministry of Education, North University of China, Taiyuan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I135714990"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5005470377","display_name":"Kailiang Xue","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2129-3810"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I135714990","display_name":"North University of China","ror":"https://ror.org/047bp1713","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I135714990"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kailiang Xue","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information and Communication Engineering, North University of China, Taiyuan, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2129-3810","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information and Communication Engineering, North University of China, Taiyuan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I135714990"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Aiqin Yao","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I135714990","display_name":"North University of China","ror":"https://ror.org/047bp1713","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I135714990"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Aiqin Yao","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information and Communication Engineering, North University of China, Taiyuan, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information and Communication Engineering, North University of China, Taiyuan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I135714990"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5056388516"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I135714990"],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":1.6851,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":10,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.87134876,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":97,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"11","issue":null,"first_page":"68617","last_page":"68631"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12131","display_name":"Wireless Signal Modulation Classification","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12131","display_name":"Wireless Signal Modulation Classification","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10891","display_name":"Radar Systems and Signal Processing","score":0.9021999835968018,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7684977054595947},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/robustness","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","score":0.6832791566848755},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.6202155351638794},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.5552911162376404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/convolutional-neural-network","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","score":0.543369710445404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/modulation","display_name":"Modulation (music)","score":0.526697039604187},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quadrature-amplitude-modulation","display_name":"Quadrature amplitude modulation","score":0.48175477981567383},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pooling","display_name":"Pooling","score":0.444065123796463},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.4342098832130432},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-neural-network","display_name":"Artificial neural network","score":0.4201999306678772},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/deep-learning","display_name":"Deep learning","score":0.4169689118862152},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/interference","display_name":"Interference (communication)","score":0.41640424728393555},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/channel","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","score":0.3954649567604065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/decoding-methods","display_name":"Decoding methods","score":0.1697539985179901},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.1494816243648529},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bit-error-rate","display_name":"Bit error rate","score":0.07998564839363098}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7684977054595947},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C63479239","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7353546","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","level":3,"score":0.6832791566848755},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6202155351638794},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.5552911162376404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81363708","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17084460","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","level":2,"score":0.543369710445404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C123079801","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q750240","display_name":"Modulation (music)","level":2,"score":0.526697039604187},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C32409245","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q749753","display_name":"Quadrature amplitude modulation","level":4,"score":0.48175477981567383},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C70437156","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7228652","display_name":"Pooling","level":2,"score":0.444065123796463},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.4342098832130432},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.4201999306678772},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108583219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q197536","display_name":"Deep learning","level":2,"score":0.4169689118862152},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C32022120","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q797225","display_name":"Interference (communication)","level":3,"score":0.41640424728393555},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127162648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16858953","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","level":2,"score":0.3954649567604065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C57273362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q576722","display_name":"Decoding methods","level":2,"score":0.1697539985179901},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.1494816243648529},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C56296756","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q840922","display_name":"Bit error rate","level":3,"score":0.07998564839363098},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104317684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187","display_name":"Gene","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107038049","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q35986","display_name":"Aesthetics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2023.3292408","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2023.3292408","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/10173510.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:c90bf88143a5422f8093c57d287f80b2","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/c90bf88143a5422f8093c57d287f80b2","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 11, Pp 68617-68631 (2023)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2023.3292408","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2023.3292408","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/10173510.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4383220109.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4383220109.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":37,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1536680647","https://openalex.org/W2005956500","https://openalex.org/W2091005538","https://openalex.org/W2100495367","https://openalex.org/W2143612262","https://openalex.org/W2163605009","https://openalex.org/W2272847350","https://openalex.org/W2580817561","https://openalex.org/W2595194816","https://openalex.org/W2741230443","https://openalex.org/W2795621028","https://openalex.org/W2893903145","https://openalex.org/W2916238263","https://openalex.org/W2919115771","https://openalex.org/W2923713650","https://openalex.org/W2963090019","https://openalex.org/W2967920509","https://openalex.org/W2995058853","https://openalex.org/W3000943722","https://openalex.org/W3015903302","https://openalex.org/W3025313534","https://openalex.org/W3026464726","https://openalex.org/W3036710224","https://openalex.org/W3082700306","https://openalex.org/W3083881986","https://openalex.org/W3088383832","https://openalex.org/W3091910947","https://openalex.org/W3101503122","https://openalex.org/W3103548375","https://openalex.org/W3104028856","https://openalex.org/W3111185452","https://openalex.org/W3131110071","https://openalex.org/W4212863985","https://openalex.org/W4385245566","https://openalex.org/W6684191040","https://openalex.org/W6739901393","https://openalex.org/W6750226687"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2953234277","https://openalex.org/W2626256601","https://openalex.org/W2900413183","https://openalex.org/W4390975304","https://openalex.org/W147410782","https://openalex.org/W3022252430","https://openalex.org/W3103989898","https://openalex.org/W4287804464","https://openalex.org/W3211292372","https://openalex.org/W2810679507"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0,38],"the":[1,8,12,22,28,63,89,106,111,115,123,127,133,146,155],"harsh":[2],"electromagnetic":[3],"environment":[4],"with":[5,132],"strong":[6],"interference,":[7],"prior":[9],"information":[10],"of":[11,31,65,69,74,91,93,110,119,148,157],"received":[13],"signal":[14],"can":[15],"not":[16],"be":[17],"fully":[18],"obtained,":[19],"and":[20,24,57,79,88,100,113,117],"considering":[21],"complex":[23],"variable":[25],"modulation":[26,29,47,120],"modes,":[27],"recognition":[30,48],"radio":[32],"signals":[33],"has":[34],"brought":[35],"great":[36],"trouble.":[37],"this":[39,149],"paper,":[40],"we":[41],"propose":[42],"a":[43,85],"method":[44,129,136,151],"for":[45,55],"automatic":[46],"based":[49],"on":[50],"deep":[51,70],"convolutional":[52],"neural":[53],"network":[54,94,112],"channel":[56,78],"spatial":[58,80],"self-attention":[59],"mechanism":[60],"by":[61,84],"combining":[62],"architecture":[64],"feature":[66],"autonomous":[67],"learning":[68],"learning.":[71],"The":[72,141],"correlation":[73],"input":[75],"vectors":[76],"in":[77,154],"dimensions":[81],"is":[82,130,152],"enhanced":[83],"self-attentive":[86],"mechanism,":[87],"number":[90],"layers":[92],"structure,":[95],"connection":[96],"method,":[97,99],"pooling":[98],"hyper-parameters":[101],"are":[102],"optimized,":[103],"to":[104],"enhance":[105],"overall":[107],"fitting":[108],"ability":[109],"improve":[114],"accuracy":[116],"robustness":[118],"recognition.":[121],"On":[122],"RadioML2016.10A":[124],"data":[125],"set,":[126],"proposed":[128],"compared":[131],"previous":[134],"baseline":[135],"at":[137],"different":[138],"signal-to-noise":[139],"ratios.":[140],"experimental":[142],"results":[143],"show":[144],"that":[145],"performance":[147],"paper\u2019s":[150],"better":[153],"identification":[156],"16QAM":[158],"versus":[159],"64QAM.":[160]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":6}],"updated_date":"2026-05-06T08:25:59.206177","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}