{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4384080838","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2023.3292332","title":"Analyzing the Deep Learning Techniques Based on Three Way Decision Under Double Hierarchy Linguistic Information and Application","display_name":"Analyzing the Deep Learning Techniques Based on Three Way Decision Under Double Hierarchy Linguistic Information and Application","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-07-12","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4384080838","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2023.3292332"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2023.3292332","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2023.3292332","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/10179218.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/10179218.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5077817609","display_name":"Saleem Abdullah","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7474-5115"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I181063083","display_name":"Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan","ror":"https://ror.org/03b9y4e65","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I181063083"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Saleem Abdullah","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Mathematics, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7474-5115","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mathematics, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I181063083"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5073023307","display_name":"Ihsan Ullah","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0008-8784-3743"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I181063083","display_name":"Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan","ror":"https://ror.org/03b9y4e65","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I181063083"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ihsan Ullah","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Mathematics, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0008-8784-3743","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mathematics, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I181063083"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5062057672","display_name":"Faisal Khan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8391-6203"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I188760350","display_name":"Ollscoil na Gaillimhe \u2013 University of Galway","ror":"https://ror.org/03bea9k73","country_code":"IE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I188760350"]}],"countries":["IE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Faisal Khan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of electrical and electronic Engineering, National University of Ireland Galway (NUIG), Galway, Ireland"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8391-6203","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of electrical and electronic Engineering, National University of Ireland Galway (NUIG), Galway, Ireland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I188760350"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":8.118,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":47,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.98114734,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"12","issue":null,"first_page":"85880","last_page":"85893"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11063","display_name":"Rough Sets and Fuzzy Logic","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1703","display_name":"Computational Theory and Mathematics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11063","display_name":"Rough Sets and Fuzzy Logic","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1703","display_name":"Computational Theory and Mathematics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10050","display_name":"Multi-Criteria Decision Making","score":0.9988999962806702,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1803","display_name":"Management Science and Operations Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13882","display_name":"Research studies in Vietnam","score":0.9646999835968018,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2303","display_name":"Ecology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.6832566261291504},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.5700057744979858},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5561535954475403},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operator","display_name":"Operator (biology)","score":0.5240921378135681},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/analytic-hierarchy-process","display_name":"Analytic hierarchy process","score":0.5169424414634705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/decision-tree","display_name":"Decision tree","score":0.48984143137931824},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hierarchy","display_name":"Hierarchy","score":0.47512370347976685},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ranking","display_name":"Ranking (information retrieval)","score":0.4597066044807434},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/naive-bayes-classifier","display_name":"Naive Bayes classifier","score":0.42490434646606445},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/support-vector-machine","display_name":"Support vector machine","score":0.4217250943183899},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.30723196268081665},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operations-research","display_name":"Operations research","score":0.13022825121879578}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6832566261291504},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.5700057744979858},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5561535954475403},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17020691","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q139677","display_name":"Operator (biology)","level":5,"score":0.5240921378135681},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C87345402","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q485202","display_name":"Analytic hierarchy process","level":2,"score":0.5169424414634705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C84525736","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q831366","display_name":"Decision tree","level":2,"score":0.48984143137931824},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31170391","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188619","display_name":"Hierarchy","level":2,"score":0.47512370347976685},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C189430467","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7293293","display_name":"Ranking (information retrieval)","level":2,"score":0.4597066044807434},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52001869","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q812530","display_name":"Naive Bayes classifier","level":3,"score":0.42490434646606445},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12267149","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q282453","display_name":"Support vector machine","level":2,"score":0.4217250943183899},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.30723196268081665},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42475967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q194292","display_name":"Operations research","level":1,"score":0.13022825121879578},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C34447519","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q179522","display_name":"Market economy","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158448853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q425218","display_name":"Repressor","level":4,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104317684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187","display_name":"Gene","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86339819","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q407384","display_name":"Transcription factor","level":3,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2023.3292332","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2023.3292332","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/10179218.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:29c4d86398ec41d5906945c35ea36e8a","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/29c4d86398ec41d5906945c35ea36e8a","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 12, Pp 85880-85893 (2024)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2023.3292332","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2023.3292332","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/10179218.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions","score":0.7699999809265137,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4384080838.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4384080838.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":42,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1461637024","https://openalex.org/W1511669739","https://openalex.org/W1567021454","https://openalex.org/W1569512666","https://openalex.org/W1606022329","https://openalex.org/W1757980361","https://openalex.org/W1969535228","https://openalex.org/W1990116832","https://openalex.org/W2031241748","https://openalex.org/W2036789112","https://openalex.org/W2037316073","https://openalex.org/W2054804336","https://openalex.org/W2060952501","https://openalex.org/W2070813883","https://openalex.org/W2080986991","https://openalex.org/W2084718108","https://openalex.org/W2116365436","https://openalex.org/W2592492586","https://openalex.org/W2605263372","https://openalex.org/W2616536158","https://openalex.org/W2783850934","https://openalex.org/W2888956734","https://openalex.org/W2896890561","https://openalex.org/W2912784590","https://openalex.org/W2937551184","https://openalex.org/W2984048218","https://openalex.org/W2996837744","https://openalex.org/W3015144862","https://openalex.org/W3033427183","https://openalex.org/W3041103914","https://openalex.org/W3081168214","https://openalex.org/W3119454212","https://openalex.org/W3196284037","https://openalex.org/W4210774122","https://openalex.org/W4211007335","https://openalex.org/W4234350265","https://openalex.org/W4239165868","https://openalex.org/W4289254296","https://openalex.org/W4360615433","https://openalex.org/W6638890465","https://openalex.org/W6745566777","https://openalex.org/W6902105870"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4318028252","https://openalex.org/W2086306358","https://openalex.org/W4389954502","https://openalex.org/W2771255398","https://openalex.org/W2930428186","https://openalex.org/W3200027047","https://openalex.org/W4385770464","https://openalex.org/W4224262160","https://openalex.org/W3120363735","https://openalex.org/W2394323384"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0],"the":[1,5,14,31,44,60,68,101,150,155,169,189,215,219,227,231,242,246,264,268],"real":[2],"life":[3],"world,":[4],"multi-criteria":[6],"group":[7],"decision-making":[8],"(MCGDM)":[9],"is":[10,24,47,166,211],"very":[11,27],"important":[12],"in":[13,30],"decision":[15,19,54,145,159,164,177,195,220],"process.":[16],"The":[17,40,73,89,161,172,208,234,253],"intelligent":[18,50,144,176],"process":[20],"for":[21,37,56,64,93,105],"deep":[22,34,61,182],"learning":[23,35,62,183],"playing":[25],"a":[26],"vital":[28],"role":[29],"selection":[32],"of":[33,43,85,157,218,267],"technique":[36],"health":[38,65],"care.":[39],"main":[41],"aim":[42],"present":[45],"work":[46],"develop":[48,100],"an":[49],"based":[51,167],"three":[52,142,162,174],"way":[53,143,163,175],"models":[55,255,260],"analyzing":[57],"and":[58,87,97,187,205,222,261],"ranking":[59,186],"techniques":[63,184],"care":[66],"under":[67],"double":[69,74,109,117,125,133,247],"hierarchy":[70,75,110,118,126,134,248],"linguistic":[71,76,111,119,127,135,249],"information.":[72],"term":[77],"set":[78],"(DHLTS),":[79],"which":[80],"enables":[81],"more":[82],"adaptable":[83],"representation":[84],"uncertainty":[86],"fuzziness.":[88],"Yager":[90,102,112,120,128,136,250],"operational":[91],"laws":[92],"DHLTSs":[94],"has":[95],"considered":[96],"defined":[98,108],"to":[99,181,185,213],"aggregation":[103,122,130,138,152,251],"operators":[104,153],"DHLTSs.":[106],"We":[107],"weighted":[113],"averaging":[114],"(DHLYWA)":[115],"operators,":[116,124],"hybrid":[121],"(DHLYHA)":[123],"geometric":[129,137],"(DHLYWG)":[131],"operator,":[132],"(DHLYHG)":[139],"operator.":[140],"Next,":[141],"model":[146,179],"developed":[147,259],"by":[148,240],"using":[149,230,245],"proposed":[151,173,254,269],"with":[154,257],"help":[156],"EDAS":[158,232],"making.":[160],"making":[165,178],"on":[168],"loose":[170],"function.":[171],"apply":[180],"analyze":[188],"K-nearest":[190],"neighbor,":[191],"support":[192],"vector":[193],"machines,":[194],"tree,":[196],"<italic":[197],"xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"":[198],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">A</i>":[199],"4:":[200],"naive":[201],"Bayes,":[202],"linear":[203],"regression,":[204],"k-means":[206],"clustering.":[207],"entropy":[209],"method":[210],"used":[212],"determine":[214],"unknown":[216],"weights":[217],"expert":[221],"criterion.":[223],"Then,":[224],"we":[225],"find":[226],"conditional":[228],"probability":[229],"method.":[233],"expected":[235],"losses":[236],"are":[237],"then":[238],"calculated":[239],"combining":[241],"loss":[243],"functions":[244],"operators.":[252],"compare":[256],"already":[258],"also":[262],"provide":[263],"sensitivity":[265],"analysis":[266],"models.":[270]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":38},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
