{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4383112496","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2023.3292174","title":"Infrastructure 3D Target Detection Based on Multi-Mode Fusion for Intelligent and Connected Vehicles","display_name":"Infrastructure 3D Target Detection Based on Multi-Mode Fusion for Intelligent and Connected Vehicles","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4383112496","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2023.3292174"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2023.3292174","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2023.3292174","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/10172165.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/10172165.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5113669976","display_name":"Xiucai Zhang","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4392738231","display_name":"State Key Laboratory of Automotive Simulation and Control","ror":"https://ror.org/00b67z867","country_code":null,"type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I194450716","https://openalex.org/I4392738231"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I194450716","display_name":"Jilin University","ror":"https://ror.org/00js3aw79","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I194450716"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Xiucai Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory of Automotive Simulation and Control, Jilin University, Changchun, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Automotive Simulation and Control, Jilin University, Changchun, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I194450716","https://openalex.org/I4392738231"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5108848416","display_name":"Lei He","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4392738231","display_name":"State Key Laboratory of Automotive Simulation and Control","ror":"https://ror.org/00b67z867","country_code":null,"type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I194450716","https://openalex.org/I4392738231"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I194450716","display_name":"Jilin University","ror":"https://ror.org/00js3aw79","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I194450716"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lei He","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory of Automotive Simulation and Control, Jilin University, Changchun, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Automotive Simulation and Control, Jilin University, Changchun, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I194450716","https://openalex.org/I4392738231"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5108612480","display_name":"Rui Lv","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0007-1443-1097"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4392738231","display_name":"State Key Laboratory of Automotive Simulation and Control","ror":"https://ror.org/00b67z867","country_code":null,"type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I194450716","https://openalex.org/I4392738231"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I194450716","display_name":"Jilin University","ror":"https://ror.org/00js3aw79","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I194450716"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rui Lv","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory of Automotive Simulation and Control, Jilin University, Changchun, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Automotive Simulation and Control, Jilin University, Changchun, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I194450716","https://openalex.org/I4392738231"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103161655","display_name":"Changcheng Jin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0008-4614-7282"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I194450716","display_name":"Jilin University","ror":"https://ror.org/00js3aw79","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I194450716"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4392738231","display_name":"State Key Laboratory of Automotive Simulation and Control","ror":"https://ror.org/00b67z867","country_code":null,"type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I194450716","https://openalex.org/I4392738231"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Changcheng Jin","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory of Automotive Simulation and Control, Jilin University, Changchun, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Automotive Simulation and Control, Jilin University, Changchun, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I194450716","https://openalex.org/I4392738231"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100622297","display_name":"Yuhai Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8251-7948"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I194450716","display_name":"Jilin University","ror":"https://ror.org/00js3aw79","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I194450716"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4392738231","display_name":"State Key Laboratory of Automotive Simulation and Control","ror":"https://ror.org/00b67z867","country_code":null,"type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I194450716","https://openalex.org/I4392738231"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yuhai Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory of Automotive Simulation and Control, Jilin University, Changchun, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Automotive Simulation and Control, Jilin University, Changchun, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I194450716","https://openalex.org/I4392738231"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5113669976"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I194450716","https://openalex.org/I4392738231"],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":0.7408,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":6,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.72380334,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"11","issue":null,"first_page":"72803","last_page":"72812"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10036","display_name":"Advanced Neural Network Applications","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10036","display_name":"Advanced Neural Network Applications","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11164","display_name":"Remote Sensing and LiDAR Applications","score":0.9952999949455261,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2305","display_name":"Environmental Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11099","display_name":"Autonomous Vehicle Technology and Safety","score":0.9929999709129333,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2203","display_name":"Automotive Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.819066047668457},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/point-cloud","display_name":"Point cloud","score":0.7202743291854858},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/voxel","display_name":"Voxel","score":0.6531791687011719},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/object-detection","display_name":"Object detection","score":0.6100320219993591},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5958499312400818},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.5569648742675781},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","score":0.5517536997795105},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature-extraction","display_name":"Feature extraction","score":0.5501636862754822},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sensor-fusion","display_name":"Sensor fusion","score":0.5084658861160278},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image-fusion","display_name":"Image fusion","score":0.42702215909957886},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fusion","display_name":"Fusion","score":0.4233067035675049},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cloud-computing","display_name":"Cloud computing","score":0.41854140162467957},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.37935930490493774},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","score":0.2480768859386444}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.819066047668457},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C131979681","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1899648","display_name":"Point cloud","level":2,"score":0.7202743291854858},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54170458","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q663554","display_name":"Voxel","level":2,"score":0.6531791687011719},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776151529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3045304","display_name":"Object detection","level":3,"score":0.6100320219993591},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5958499312400818},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.5569648742675781},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776401178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12050496","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.5517536997795105},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52622490","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1026626","display_name":"Feature extraction","level":2,"score":0.5501636862754822},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33954974","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q486494","display_name":"Sensor fusion","level":2,"score":0.5084658861160278},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C69744172","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860822","display_name":"Image fusion","level":3,"score":0.42702215909957886},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158525013","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2593739","display_name":"Fusion","level":2,"score":0.4233067035675049},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79974875","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q483639","display_name":"Cloud computing","level":2,"score":0.41854140162467957},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.37935930490493774},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.2480768859386444},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2023.3292174","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2023.3292174","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/10172165.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:6b56a1abda9c4889b051c443143e5fd7","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/6b56a1abda9c4889b051c443143e5fd7","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 11, Pp 72803-72812 (2023)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2023.3292174","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2023.3292174","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/10172165.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9","display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure","score":0.5699999928474426}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322300","display_name":"Jilin University","ror":"https://ror.org/00js3aw79"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4383112496.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4383112496.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":70,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W49218792","https://openalex.org/W1484210532","https://openalex.org/W1519128923","https://openalex.org/W1536680647","https://openalex.org/W1563354748","https://openalex.org/W1588001529","https://openalex.org/W1686810756","https://openalex.org/W1861492603","https://openalex.org/W1946609740","https://openalex.org/W1966456026","https://openalex.org/W1978736542","https://openalex.org/W2011792403","https://openalex.org/W2031489346","https://openalex.org/W2108598243","https://openalex.org/W2162411291","https://openalex.org/W2184393491","https://openalex.org/W2194775991","https://openalex.org/W2229637417","https://openalex.org/W2293349265","https://openalex.org/W2468368736","https://openalex.org/W2480140235","https://openalex.org/W2555618208","https://openalex.org/W2558294288","https://openalex.org/W2560544142","https://openalex.org/W2560609797","https://openalex.org/W2565639579","https://openalex.org/W2604676963","https://openalex.org/W2605189827","https://openalex.org/W2798965597","https://openalex.org/W2897529137","https://openalex.org/W2943659362","https://openalex.org/W2954174912","https://openalex.org/W2962807143","https://openalex.org/W2963037989","https://openalex.org/W2963400571","https://openalex.org/W2963721253","https://openalex.org/W2963727135","https://openalex.org/W2964062501","https://openalex.org/W2964166085","https://openalex.org/W2967324759","https://openalex.org/W2968296999","https://openalex.org/W2969808474","https://openalex.org/W2972211064","https://openalex.org/W2997814983","https://openalex.org/W3004237909","https://openalex.org/W3004860639","https://openalex.org/W3034602892","https://openalex.org/W3106250896","https://openalex.org/W3171032126","https://openalex.org/W4211229026","https://openalex.org/W4281390486","https://openalex.org/W4286801158","https://openalex.org/W4291805279","https://openalex.org/W4312470530","https://openalex.org/W4386071493","https://openalex.org/W4386075928","https://openalex.org/W4402667898","https://openalex.org/W6628927728","https://openalex.org/W6637373629","https://openalex.org/W6639102338","https://openalex.org/W6686211706","https://openalex.org/W6736000754","https://openalex.org/W6745673378","https://openalex.org/W6757384202","https://openalex.org/W6763422710","https://openalex.org/W6771543527","https://openalex.org/W6785652829","https://openalex.org/W6849705733","https://openalex.org/W6850349315","https://openalex.org/W6851369142"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3027020613","https://openalex.org/W2016533837","https://openalex.org/W3167885074","https://openalex.org/W2892386716","https://openalex.org/W1998563493","https://openalex.org/W4306164210","https://openalex.org/W4313316311","https://openalex.org/W4362608745","https://openalex.org/W2383143032","https://openalex.org/W2082728368"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Autonomous":[0],"driving":[1],"technology":[2],"faces":[3],"significant":[4,181],"safety":[5],"challenges":[6],"due":[7],"to":[8,31,40,44,77,154,209],"the":[9,16,66,116,149,168,184,198],"lack":[10],"of":[11,18,83,105,188],"a":[12,51,93,103,111,129,180,202],"global":[13],"perspective":[14],"and":[15,54,69,72,79,101,131,141,158,174,177,191],"limitations":[17],"long-range":[19],"perception":[20],"capabilities.":[21],"It":[22],"is":[23,29,38,152,165],"widely":[24],"recognized":[25],"that":[26],"vehicle-infrastructure":[27],"cooperation":[28],"essential":[30],"achieve":[32],"Level":[33],"5":[34],"autonomy.":[35],"Therefore,":[36],"it":[37],"imperative":[39],"develop":[41],"vehicle-road":[42],"collaboration":[43],"enable":[45],"accurate":[46],"3D":[47,99,173,194,211],"target":[48],"detection":[49,196,213],"over":[50],"wide":[52,203],"range":[53],"multiple":[55,206],"targets":[56],"infrastructure.":[57],"In":[58,86,124],"this":[59],"paper,":[60],"we":[61,127],"propose":[62,128],"using":[63],"ResNet50+FPN":[64],"as":[65],"backbone":[67],"network":[68],"adding":[70],"CoTNet":[71],"CBAM":[73],"dual":[74],"attention":[75],"mechanisms":[76],"extract":[78],"encode":[80],"four":[81],"levels":[82],"image":[84,156],"features.":[85,161],"point":[87,94,139,159],"cloud":[88,95,160],"feature":[89,113,120],"extraction,":[90],"We":[91],"divide":[92],"into":[96,110],"equally":[97],"spaced":[98],"voxels":[100],"transforms":[102],"group":[104],"points":[106],"within":[107],"each":[108],"voxel":[109,119,143],"unified":[112],"representation":[114],"through":[115],"newly":[117],"introduced":[118],"encoding":[121],"(VFE)":[122],"layer.":[123],"multi-mode":[125,133,146],"fusion,":[126],"simple":[130],"effective":[132],"fusion":[134,140,144],"method":[135],"based":[136],"on":[137,167,197],"regional":[138,142],"for":[145],"fusion.":[147],"Additionally,":[148],"VoxelNet":[150],"architecture":[151],"utilized":[153],"combine":[155],"features":[157],"The":[162],"proposed":[163],"algorithm":[164],"evaluated":[166],"DAIR-V2X":[169],"data":[170],"set":[171],"in":[172,183,193,201],"BEV":[175],"perspectives,":[176],"results":[178],"show":[179],"improvement":[182],"average":[185],"precision":[186],"(AP)":[187],"vehicles,":[189],"pedestrians,":[190],"cyclists":[192],"object":[195,212],"infrastructure":[199],"side,":[200],"area":[204],"with":[205],"objects,":[207],"compared":[208],"existing":[210],"algorithms.":[214]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
