{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4383112905","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2023.3292164","title":"Mattress Sensor-Based Respiration Rate Estimation Using Unsupervised Clustering","display_name":"Mattress Sensor-Based Respiration Rate Estimation Using Unsupervised Clustering","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4383112905","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2023.3292164"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2023.3292164","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/access.2023.3292164","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/10172192.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/10172192.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5052464835","display_name":"Kyeong Taek Oh","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6857-0945"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I193775966","display_name":"Yonsei University","ror":"https://ror.org/01wjejq96","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I193775966"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kyeongtaek Oh","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Medical Engineering, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, South Korea"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6857-0945","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Medical Engineering, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I193775966"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5045994318","display_name":"Jeongmin Kim","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0468-8012"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I193775966","display_name":"Yonsei University","ror":"https://ror.org/01wjejq96","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I193775966"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jeongmin Kim","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Anesthesia and Pain Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, South Korea"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0468-8012","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Anesthesia and Pain Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I193775966"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5045032724","display_name":"Cheung Soo Shin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7829-8458"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I193775966","display_name":"Yonsei University","ror":"https://ror.org/01wjejq96","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I193775966"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Cheung Soo Shin","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Anesthesia and Pain Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, South Korea"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7829-8458","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Anesthesia and Pain Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I193775966"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5027840193","display_name":"Sun Kook Yoo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6032-4686"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I193775966","display_name":"Yonsei University","ror":"https://ror.org/01wjejq96","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I193775966"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sun K. Yoo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Medical Engineering, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, South Korea"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6032-4686","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Medical Engineering, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I193775966"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.08004536,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"11","issue":null,"first_page":"70001","last_page":"70010"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11196","display_name":"Non-Invasive Vital Sign Monitoring","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11196","display_name":"Non-Invasive Vital Sign Monitoring","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11932","display_name":"Wireless Body Area Networks","score":0.991599977016449,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10444","display_name":"Context-Aware Activity Recognition Systems","score":0.9855999946594238,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cluster-analysis","display_name":"Cluster analysis","score":0.691102921962738},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/respiration","display_name":"Respiration","score":0.5970702171325684},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/measure","display_name":"Measure (data warehouse)","score":0.5677971243858337},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/respiratory-rate","display_name":"Respiratory rate","score":0.5556881427764893},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/correlation-coefficient","display_name":"Correlation coefficient","score":0.4478158950805664},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistics","display_name":"Statistics","score":0.44583746790885925},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/waveform","display_name":"Waveform","score":0.4337031841278076},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/respiration-rate","display_name":"Respiration rate","score":0.4332846701145172},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.4192417860031128},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cluster","display_name":"Cluster (spacecraft)","score":0.41786015033721924},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.41645824909210205},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.41279181838035583},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.2972830533981323},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining","display_name":"Data mining","score":0.24330270290374756},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/heart-rate","display_name":"Heart rate","score":0.1236768364906311},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medicine","display_name":"Medicine","score":0.06908980011940002},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/blood-pressure","display_name":"Blood pressure","score":0.06482994556427002}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C73555534","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q622825","display_name":"Cluster analysis","level":2,"score":0.691102921962738},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C182215343","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q472287","display_name":"Respiration","level":2,"score":0.5970702171325684},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780009758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6804172","display_name":"Measure (data warehouse)","level":2,"score":0.5677971243858337},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C8213797","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q754250","display_name":"Respiratory rate","level":4,"score":0.5556881427764893},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780092901","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3433612","display_name":"Correlation coefficient","level":2,"score":0.4478158950805664},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.44583746790885925},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C197424946","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1165717","display_name":"Waveform","level":3,"score":0.4337031841278076},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C116270902","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7315895","display_name":"Respiration rate","level":3,"score":0.4332846701145172},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.4192417860031128},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C164866538","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q367351","display_name":"Cluster (spacecraft)","level":2,"score":0.41786015033721924},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.41645824909210205},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.41279181838035583},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.2972830533981323},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.24330270290374756},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777953023","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1073121","display_name":"Heart rate","level":3,"score":0.1236768364906311},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.06908980011940002},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C84393581","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q82642","display_name":"Blood pressure","level":2,"score":0.06482994556427002},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C554190296","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47528","display_name":"Radar","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105702510","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q514","display_name":"Anatomy","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126838900","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q77604","display_name":"Radiology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2023.3292164","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/access.2023.3292164","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/10172192.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:304b5da9eda7414b912afc12672fcda4","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/304b5da9eda7414b912afc12672fcda4","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 11, Pp 70001-70010 (2023)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2023.3292164","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/access.2023.3292164","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/10172192.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3798406041","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"20012603","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321681","funder_display_name":"Ministry of Trade, Industry and Energy"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321681","display_name":"Ministry of Trade, Industry and Energy","ror":"https://ror.org/008nkqk13"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320327819","display_name":"Ministry of SMEs and Startups","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4383112905.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4383112905.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":33,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W77070555","https://openalex.org/W200106838","https://openalex.org/W1521716642","https://openalex.org/W1653832639","https://openalex.org/W1976234919","https://openalex.org/W1980873884","https://openalex.org/W1992474904","https://openalex.org/W2011049057","https://openalex.org/W2029420305","https://openalex.org/W2096743408","https://openalex.org/W2098688474","https://openalex.org/W2109149546","https://openalex.org/W2127218421","https://openalex.org/W2132106992","https://openalex.org/W2142827986","https://openalex.org/W2166933393","https://openalex.org/W2511537766","https://openalex.org/W2775192194","https://openalex.org/W2789326097","https://openalex.org/W2892323264","https://openalex.org/W2899398744","https://openalex.org/W2906839775","https://openalex.org/W2912176114","https://openalex.org/W2963171691","https://openalex.org/W2974575795","https://openalex.org/W2979899734","https://openalex.org/W3012235696","https://openalex.org/W3098285202","https://openalex.org/W4293103482","https://openalex.org/W6631233913","https://openalex.org/W6674876220","https://openalex.org/W6678914141","https://openalex.org/W6684254493"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2280842921","https://openalex.org/W2006151697","https://openalex.org/W4220889414","https://openalex.org/W2375509975","https://openalex.org/W2366554704","https://openalex.org/W2074187399","https://openalex.org/W4230180340","https://openalex.org/W2369652550","https://openalex.org/W2045830778","https://openalex.org/W2991437557"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"paper":[1],"presents":[2],"a":[3,13,27,182],"novel":[4],"approach":[5],"for":[6,156],"measuring":[7],"the":[8,34,41,45,49,53,57,60,65,70,73,86,91,99,104,107,125,133,146,151,170,173,189,192,200,204,209],"human":[9],"respiration":[10,35,61,100,193],"rate":[11,194],"utilizing":[12],"mattress":[14,42],"sensor.":[15],"The":[16,37,121,196],"proposed":[17,108,126,201],"method":[18,202],"employs":[19],"an":[20],"unsupervised":[21],"clustering":[22,71],"technique":[23],"in":[24,48],"conjunction":[25],"with":[26],"cluster":[28,87],"selection":[29,88],"algorithm":[30,89],"to":[31,129,145,187],"accurately":[32],"measure":[33],"rate.":[36,211],"pressure":[38,67,75],"exerted":[39],"on":[40,64],"sensor":[43],"reflects":[44],"volume":[46],"changes":[47,76],"upper":[50],"body":[51],"during":[52],"breathing":[54],"process,":[55],"enabling":[56],"estimation":[58,207],"of":[59,94,106,139,172,191,208],"waveform":[62],"based":[63],"measured":[66,74],"variations.":[68],"Through":[69],"method,":[72,109,127],"are":[77],"effectively":[78],"separated":[79],"into":[80],"respiratory-related":[81],"clusters":[82,95],"and":[83,119,158,164],"noise.":[84],"Subsequently,":[85],"identifies":[90],"optimal":[92],"combination":[93],"that":[96,124,199],"best":[97],"represents":[98],"pattern.":[101],"To":[102],"evaluate":[103],"performance":[105,143],"it":[110],"was":[111,185],"compared":[112,144],"against":[113],"two":[114],"alternative":[115],"methods,":[116],"namely":[117],"RWD":[118,157],"RAC.":[120],"results":[122],"demonstrate":[123],"referred":[128],"as":[130,162],"RCS,":[131],"achieved":[132],"highest":[134],"mean":[135,152],"Pearson":[136,153],"correlation":[137,154],"coefficient":[138],"0.88,":[140],"indicating":[141],"superior":[142],"other":[147],"methods.":[148],"In":[149],"contrast,":[150],"coefficients":[155],"RAC":[159],"were":[160],"determined":[161],"0.61":[163],"0.76,":[165],"respectively.":[166],"Statistical":[167],"analysis":[168,184],"confirmed":[169],"significance":[171],"differences":[174],"among":[175],"these":[176],"methods":[177],"(p":[178],"<":[179],"0.001).":[180],"Furthermore,":[181],"regression":[183],"conducted":[186],"assess":[188],"accuracy":[190],"measurements.":[195],"findings":[197],"revealed":[198],"yielded":[203],"most":[205],"precise":[206],"respiratory":[210]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
