{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4382203116","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2023.3289829","title":"Modular Multilevel Converter-Based Microgrid: A Critical Review","display_name":"Modular Multilevel Converter-Based Microgrid: A Critical Review","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4382203116","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2023.3289829"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2023.3289829","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2023.3289829","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/10164107.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"review","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/10164107.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5014063664","display_name":"Safia Babikir Bashir","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2082-5718"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I29891158","display_name":"University of Sharjah","ror":"https://ror.org/00engpz63","country_code":"AE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I29891158"]}],"countries":["AE"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Safia Babikir Bashir","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Sharjah, Smart Grid and Power Systems Research Group, Sustainable Energy and Power Systems Research Center, Research Institute of Sciences and Engineering, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2082-5718","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Sharjah, Smart Grid and Power Systems Research Group, Sustainable Energy and Power Systems Research Center, Research Institute of Sciences and Engineering, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I29891158"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5053947187","display_name":"Ali Ahmed Adam Ismail","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3525-8100"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I29891158","display_name":"University of Sharjah","ror":"https://ror.org/00engpz63","country_code":"AE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I29891158"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210152797","display_name":"Advanced Neural Dynamics (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/05k7ts633","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210152797"]}],"countries":["AE","US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ali Ahmed Adam Ismail","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Sharjah, Smart Grid and Power Systems Research Group, Sustainable Energy and Power Systems Research Center, Research Institute of Sciences and Engineering, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates","and , and ,"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3525-8100","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Sharjah, Smart Grid and Power Systems Research Group, Sustainable Energy and Power Systems Research Center, Research Institute of Sciences and Engineering, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I29891158"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"and , and ,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210152797"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5082256930","display_name":"A. Elnady","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9544-3637"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I29891158","display_name":"University of Sharjah","ror":"https://ror.org/00engpz63","country_code":"AE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I29891158"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I51768193","display_name":"Royal Military College of Canada","ror":"https://ror.org/04yr71909","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I51768193"]}],"countries":["AE","CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"A. Elnady","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Sharjah, Smart Grid and Power Systems Research Group, Sustainable Energy and Power Systems Research Center, Research Institute of Sciences and Engineering, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates","Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering(adjunct), Royal Military College, Kingston, Canada"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9544-3637","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Sharjah, Smart Grid and Power Systems Research Group, Sustainable Energy and Power Systems Research Center, Research Institute of Sciences and Engineering, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I29891158"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering(adjunct), Royal Military College, Kingston, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I51768193"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5042818332","display_name":"Mena Maurice Farag","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2131-4976"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I29891158","display_name":"University of Sharjah","ror":"https://ror.org/00engpz63","country_code":"AE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I29891158"]}],"countries":["AE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mena Maurice Farag","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Sharjah, Smart Grid and Power Systems Research Group, Sustainable Energy and Power Systems Research Center, Research Institute of Sciences and Engineering, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2131-4976","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Sharjah, Smart Grid and Power Systems Research Group, Sustainable Energy and Power Systems Research Center, Research Institute of Sciences and Engineering, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I29891158"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103223112","display_name":"Abdul-Kadir Hamid","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6433-1392"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I29891158","display_name":"University of Sharjah","ror":"https://ror.org/00engpz63","country_code":"AE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I29891158"]}],"countries":["AE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Abdul-Kadir Hamid","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Sharjah, Smart Grid and Power Systems Research Group, Sustainable Energy and Power Systems Research Center, Research Institute of Sciences and Engineering, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6433-1392","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Sharjah, Smart Grid and Power Systems Research Group, Sustainable Energy and Power Systems Research Center, Research Institute of Sciences and Engineering, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I29891158"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5044583088","display_name":"Ramesh C. Bansal","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1725-2648"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I29891158","display_name":"University of Sharjah","ror":"https://ror.org/00engpz63","country_code":"AE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I29891158"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I69552723","display_name":"University of Pretoria","ror":"https://ror.org/00g0p6g84","country_code":"ZA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I69552723"]}],"countries":["AE","ZA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ramesh C. Bansal","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Sharjah, Smart Grid and Power Systems Research Group, Sustainable Energy and Power Systems Research Center, Research Institute of Sciences and Engineering, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates","Department of Electrical, Electronic, and Computer Engineering, University of Pretoria, South Africa"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1725-2648","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Sharjah, Smart Grid and Power Systems Research Group, Sustainable Energy and Power Systems Research Center, Research Institute of Sciences and Engineering, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I29891158"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical, Electronic, and Computer Engineering, University of Pretoria, South Africa","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I69552723"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5002978353","display_name":"Ahmed G. Abo\u2010Khalil","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7792-4573"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I29891158","display_name":"University of Sharjah","ror":"https://ror.org/00engpz63","country_code":"AE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I29891158"]}],"countries":["AE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ahmed G. Abo-Khalil","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Sharjah, Smart Grid and Power Systems Research Group, Sustainable Energy and Power Systems Research Center, Research Institute of Sciences and Engineering, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7792-4573","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Sharjah, Smart Grid and Power Systems Research Group, Sustainable Energy and Power Systems Research Center, Research Institute of Sciences and Engineering, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I29891158"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":4,"institutions_distinct_count":7,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5014063664"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I29891158"],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":5.2892,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":42,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.96376022,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"11","issue":null,"first_page":"65569","last_page":"65589"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11102","display_name":"HVDC Systems and Fault Protection","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11102","display_name":"HVDC Systems and Fault Protection","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10223","display_name":"Microgrid Control and Optimization","score":0.9717000126838684,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12598","display_name":"Cardiac Structural Anomalies and Repair","score":0.9049999713897705,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2746","display_name":"Surgery"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/microgrid","display_name":"Microgrid","score":0.9262105822563171},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/modular-design","display_name":"Modular design","score":0.8087332248687744},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6764207482337952},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/modularity","display_name":"Modularity (biology)","score":0.6494574546813965},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reliability","display_name":"Reliability (semiconductor)","score":0.5976485013961792},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/network-topology","display_name":"Network topology","score":0.5282841324806213},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reliability-engineering","display_name":"Reliability engineering","score":0.5144441723823547},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/field","display_name":"Field (mathematics)","score":0.48147764801979065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fault-tolerance","display_name":"Fault tolerance","score":0.4681693911552429},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/distributed-computing","display_name":"Distributed computing","score":0.3779975473880768},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/systems-engineering","display_name":"Systems engineering","score":0.36445873975753784},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/power","display_name":"Power (physics)","score":0.36348605155944824},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.33637070655822754},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control","display_name":"Control (management)","score":0.33238279819488525},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.24752601981163025},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.09340488910675049}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776784348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5762595","display_name":"Microgrid","level":3,"score":0.9262105822563171},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C101468663","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1620158","display_name":"Modular design","level":2,"score":0.8087332248687744},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6764207482337952},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779478453","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6889748","display_name":"Modularity (biology)","level":2,"score":0.6494574546813965},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43214815","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7310987","display_name":"Reliability (semiconductor)","level":3,"score":0.5976485013961792},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199845137","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q145490","display_name":"Network topology","level":2,"score":0.5282841324806213},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C200601418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2193887","display_name":"Reliability engineering","level":1,"score":0.5144441723823547},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9652623","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190109","display_name":"Field (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.48147764801979065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C63540848","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3140932","display_name":"Fault tolerance","level":2,"score":0.4681693911552429},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.3779975473880768},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C201995342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q682496","display_name":"Systems engineering","level":1,"score":0.36445873975753784},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.36348605155944824},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.33637070655822754},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775924081","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q55608371","display_name":"Control (management)","level":2,"score":0.33238279819488525},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.24752601981163025},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.09340488910675049},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C202444582","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q837863","display_name":"Pure mathematics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54355233","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7162","display_name":"Genetics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2023.3289829","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2023.3289829","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/10164107.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:80be89b51cbc48b4acea525762341564","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/80be89b51cbc48b4acea525762341564","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 11, Pp 65569-65589 (2023)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:repository.up.ac.za:2263/92680","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/2263/92680","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401870","display_name":"UpSpace Institutional Repository (University of Pretoria)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I69552723","host_organization_name":"University of Pretoria","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I69552723"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2023.3289829","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2023.3289829","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/10164107.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320316805","display_name":"University of Sharjah","ror":"https://ror.org/00engpz63"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4382203116.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4382203116.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":179,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W51105495","https://openalex.org/W64517865","https://openalex.org/W1563981014","https://openalex.org/W1648896841","https://openalex.org/W1915388693","https://openalex.org/W1930864635","https://openalex.org/W1976042942","https://openalex.org/W1978026230","https://openalex.org/W1991625159","https://openalex.org/W1993830253","https://openalex.org/W1996052657","https://openalex.org/W2000685472","https://openalex.org/W2006096658","https://openalex.org/W2007244578","https://openalex.org/W2009256068","https://openalex.org/W2010421600","https://openalex.org/W2019399165","https://openalex.org/W2021871997","https://openalex.org/W2022242467","https://openalex.org/W2030899995","https://openalex.org/W2032504240","https://openalex.org/W2039233981","https://openalex.org/W2053515824","https://openalex.org/W2055019925","https://openalex.org/W2057957478","https://openalex.org/W2060533928","https://openalex.org/W2061146253","https://openalex.org/W2061679071","https://openalex.org/W2069023265","https://openalex.org/W2070917720","https://openalex.org/W2072981371","https://openalex.org/W2079847121","https://openalex.org/W2080530062","https://openalex.org/W2083801861","https://openalex.org/W2086647021","https://openalex.org/W2094111656","https://openalex.org/W2097777919","https://openalex.org/W2100370879","https://openalex.org/W2101865668","https://openalex.org/W2104195154","https://openalex.org/W2111134324","https://openalex.org/W2118770240","https://openalex.org/W2124849788","https://openalex.org/W2129242370","https://openalex.org/W2135178654","https://openalex.org/W2142351866","https://openalex.org/W2149838978","https://openalex.org/W2160830391","https://openalex.org/W2165542296","https://openalex.org/W2215529216","https://openalex.org/W2255108870","https://openalex.org/W2284778013","https://openalex.org/W2300230910","https://openalex.org/W2316904322","https://openalex.org/W2324885734","https://openalex.org/W2326291684","https://openalex.org/W2326947548","https://openalex.org/W2327740812","https://openalex.org/W2328229040","https://openalex.org/W2328940879","https://openalex.org/W2331730087","https://openalex.org/W2343445963","https://openalex.org/W2344077381","https://openalex.org/W2344550066","https://openalex.org/W2366883263","https://openalex.org/W2390675086","https://openalex.org/W2478066253","https://openalex.org/W2497422917","https://openalex.org/W2498570208","https://openalex.org/W2501416421","https://openalex.org/W2505700353","https://openalex.org/W2524399879","https://openalex.org/W2548588301","https://openalex.org/W2553648428","https://openalex.org/W2561414421","https://openalex.org/W2562166267","https://openalex.org/W2567876112","https://openalex.org/W2571101558","https://openalex.org/W2588673882","https://openalex.org/W2592429078","https://openalex.org/W2612628392","https://openalex.org/W2612771985","https://openalex.org/W2735227653","https://openalex.org/W2736918648","https://openalex.org/W2742921434","https://openalex.org/W2754644785","https://openalex.org/W2758044484","https://openalex.org/W2759219502","https://openalex.org/W2760857324","https://openalex.org/W2766447590","https://openalex.org/W2771364511","https://openalex.org/W2772354399","https://openalex.org/W2781026149","https://openalex.org/W2783312379","https://openalex.org/W2784141121","https://openalex.org/W2784423237","https://openalex.org/W2791167183","https://openalex.org/W2791425956","https://openalex.org/W2795198686","https://openalex.org/W2795390662","https://openalex.org/W2799356651","https://openalex.org/W2887830166","https://openalex.org/W2887915616","https://openalex.org/W2892779307","https://openalex.org/W2895397679","https://openalex.org/W2899737940","https://openalex.org/W2901014939","https://openalex.org/W2905056429","https://openalex.org/W2907472411","https://openalex.org/W2909365565","https://openalex.org/W2910913548","https://openalex.org/W2913744424","https://openalex.org/W2914327849","https://openalex.org/W2955347117","https://openalex.org/W2966021540","https://openalex.org/W2967866918","https://openalex.org/W2982413893","https://openalex.org/W2983995694","https://openalex.org/W2991460547","https://openalex.org/W2998198932","https://openalex.org/W3007351633","https://openalex.org/W3010761001","https://openalex.org/W3015846114","https://openalex.org/W3089704731","https://openalex.org/W3094826583","https://openalex.org/W3108623651","https://openalex.org/W3111428141","https://openalex.org/W3128501087","https://openalex.org/W3132481093","https://openalex.org/W3133039972","https://openalex.org/W3146284778","https://openalex.org/W3146441102","https://openalex.org/W3156212775","https://openalex.org/W3187297003","https://openalex.org/W3203321671","https://openalex.org/W3217443693","https://openalex.org/W4200293998","https://openalex.org/W4200421939","https://openalex.org/W4210560193","https://openalex.org/W4214902408","https://openalex.org/W4220696708","https://openalex.org/W4220861553","https://openalex.org/W4226433412","https://openalex.org/W4280631826","https://openalex.org/W4281388743","https://openalex.org/W4281678610","https://openalex.org/W4285298691","https://openalex.org/W4285590968","https://openalex.org/W4290614126","https://openalex.org/W4292265882","https://openalex.org/W4292313495","https://openalex.org/W4295828303","https://openalex.org/W4295867456","https://openalex.org/W4308385778","https://openalex.org/W4311485254","https://openalex.org/W4311620378","https://openalex.org/W4311694755","https://openalex.org/W4312084478","https://openalex.org/W4312704605","https://openalex.org/W4312973683","https://openalex.org/W4313408196","https://openalex.org/W4313585501","https://openalex.org/W4313620592","https://openalex.org/W4313654646","https://openalex.org/W4315926977","https://openalex.org/W4318065647","https://openalex.org/W4318586130","https://openalex.org/W4319865684","https://openalex.org/W4319996505","https://openalex.org/W4320155823","https://openalex.org/W4322744143","https://openalex.org/W4323338371","https://openalex.org/W4324290594","https://openalex.org/W4362470518","https://openalex.org/W6674851286","https://openalex.org/W6675457432","https://openalex.org/W6729839733","https://openalex.org/W6805127126","https://openalex.org/W7018876734"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2297768894","https://openalex.org/W2378076731","https://openalex.org/W3109014690","https://openalex.org/W2122405502","https://openalex.org/W2114254072","https://openalex.org/W2127721729","https://openalex.org/W2884798239","https://openalex.org/W1531253727","https://openalex.org/W2366669483","https://openalex.org/W2333635112"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Recently,":[0],"the":[1,31,54,57,71,97,123,127,132,161],"Modular":[2],"Multilevel":[3],"Converter":[4],"(MMC)":[5],"has":[6,50],"drawn":[7],"significant":[8],"attention":[9],"due":[10],"to":[11,18,24,36,61,86,148,160],"its":[12,16,37,63],"diverse":[13],"merits":[14],"and":[15,44,65,105,164],"applicability":[17],"a":[19,78,119],"wide":[20],"range":[21],"of":[22,73,96,108,122,126,166],"medium":[23],"high-power":[25],"applications.":[26,69,112],"The":[27,141],"growing":[28],"interest":[29],"in":[30,67,75,137,152,155],"MMC":[32,55,109,153],"can":[33],"be":[34],"attributed":[35],"attractive":[38],"features":[39],"such":[40],"as":[41],"modularity,":[42],"reliability,":[43],"high":[45],"voltage":[46],"capability.":[47],"Significant":[48],"research":[49,89],"been":[51],"conducted":[52],"on":[53],"over":[56],"last":[58],"few":[59],"years":[60],"develop":[62],"operation":[64],"control":[66,103],"various":[68],"However,":[70],"application":[72],"MMCs":[74],"microgrids":[76],"remains":[77],"largely":[79],"unexplored":[80],"topic.":[81],"Therefore,":[82],"this":[83,88,138,144],"paper":[84],"aims":[85],"address":[87],"gap":[90],"by":[91],"offering":[92],"an":[93],"in-depth":[94],"review":[95,115],"latest":[98],"developments":[99],"concerning":[100],"circuit":[101],"topologies,":[102],"schemes,":[104],"fault-tolerance":[106],"strategies":[107],"within":[110],"microgrid":[111,156],"This":[113],"comprehensive":[114],"not":[116],"only":[117],"provides":[118],"synthesized":[120],"overview":[121],"current":[124],"state":[125],"art":[128],"but":[129],"also":[130],"paves":[131],"way":[133],"for":[134],"future":[135],"investigations":[136],"promising":[139],"field.":[140],"outcomes":[142],"from":[143],"study":[145],"are":[146],"expected":[147],"stimulate":[149],"further":[150],"advancements":[151],"applications":[154],"systems,":[157],"thus":[158],"contributing":[159],"continuous":[162],"improvement":[163],"evolution":[165],"microgrids.":[167]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":20},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":16},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-05-12T08:28:47.272897","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
