{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4382138553","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2023.3289759","title":"Reverse Image Search for Collage: A Novel Local Feature-Based Framework","display_name":"Reverse Image Search for Collage: A Novel Local Feature-Based Framework","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4382138553","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2023.3289759"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2023.3289759","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/access.2023.3289759","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/10163766.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/10163766.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Muhammad Zubair","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6123-6963"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I103583917","display_name":"Karachi Institute of Economics and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/02sdmkj94","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I103583917"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Muhammad Zubair","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Computing and Information Sciences, Karachi Institute of Economics and Technology (KIET), Karachi, Pakistan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6123-6963","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Computing and Information Sciences, Karachi Institute of Economics and Technology (KIET), Karachi, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I103583917"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5040230614","display_name":"Muhammad Affan Alim","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8128-4612"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I103583917","display_name":"Karachi Institute of Economics and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/02sdmkj94","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I103583917"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I173029219","display_name":"Multimedia University","ror":"https://ror.org/04zrbnc33","country_code":"MY","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I173029219"]}],"countries":["MY","PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Muhammad Affan Alim","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Computing and Information Sciences, Karachi Institute of Economics and Technology (KIET), Karachi, Pakistan","Multimedia University, (MMU), Cyberjaya, Malaysia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8128-4612","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Computing and Information Sciences, Karachi Institute of Economics and Technology (KIET), Karachi, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I103583917"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Multimedia University, (MMU), Cyberjaya, Malaysia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I173029219"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5027850279","display_name":"Imran Naseem","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4429-0049"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I103583917","display_name":"Karachi Institute of Economics and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/02sdmkj94","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I103583917"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I125749732","display_name":"Western University","ror":"https://ror.org/02grkyz14","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I125749732"]}],"countries":["CA","PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Imran Naseem","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Engineering, Karachi Institute of Economics and Technology (KIET), Karachi, Pakistan","School of Electrical, Electronic, and Computer Engineering, The University of Western, Canada"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Engineering, Karachi Institute of Economics and Technology (KIET), Karachi, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I103583917"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical, Electronic, and Computer Engineering, The University of Western, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I125749732"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5080030634","display_name":"Muhammad Mansoor Alam","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5773-7140"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I173029219","display_name":"Multimedia University","ror":"https://ror.org/04zrbnc33","country_code":"MY","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I173029219"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I195024194","display_name":"Riphah International University","ror":"https://ror.org/02kdm5630","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I195024194"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4528857","display_name":"University of Kuala Lumpur","ror":"https://ror.org/026wwrx19","country_code":"MY","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4528857"]}],"countries":["MY","PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Muhammad Mansoor Alam","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Computing and Informatics, Multimedia University (MMU), Cyberjaya, Malaysia","Faculty of Computing, Riphah International University, Islamabad, Pakistan","Malaysian Institute of Information Technology, University of Kuala Lumpur, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Computing and Informatics, Multimedia University (MMU), Cyberjaya, Malaysia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I173029219"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Computing, Riphah International University, Islamabad, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I195024194"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Malaysian Institute of Information Technology, University of Kuala Lumpur, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4528857"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5078925693","display_name":"Mazliham Mohd Su\u2019ud","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9975-4483"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I173029219","display_name":"Multimedia University","ror":"https://ror.org/04zrbnc33","country_code":"MY","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I173029219"]}],"countries":["MY"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mazliham Mohd Su\u2019ud","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Computing and Informatics, Multimedia University (MMU), Cyberjaya, Malaysia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Computing and Informatics, Multimedia University (MMU), Cyberjaya, Malaysia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I173029219"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":0.0969,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.34271512,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":94},"biblio":{"volume":"11","issue":null,"first_page":"78182","last_page":"78191"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10627","display_name":"Advanced Image and Video Retrieval Techniques","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10627","display_name":"Advanced Image and Video Retrieval Techniques","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10824","display_name":"Image Retrieval and Classification Techniques","score":0.996999979019165,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11714","display_name":"Multimodal Machine Learning Applications","score":0.9959999918937683,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scale-invariant-feature-transform","display_name":"Scale-invariant feature transform","score":0.8317856788635254},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.829540491104126},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/automatic-summarization","display_name":"Automatic summarization","score":0.7784016728401184},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/similarity","display_name":"Similarity (geometry)","score":0.5479441285133362},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","score":0.5272813439369202},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/process","display_name":"Process (computing)","score":0.5021946430206299},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image-retrieval","display_name":"Image retrieval","score":0.46720144152641296},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","score":0.45918887853622437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/the-internet","display_name":"The Internet","score":0.44971713423728943},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/orb","display_name":"Orb (optics)","score":0.44227302074432373},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.42883431911468506},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/information-retrieval","display_name":"Information retrieval","score":0.39176493883132935},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.33410507440567017},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.33033278584480286},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/world-wide-web","display_name":"World Wide Web","score":0.12025922536849976}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C61265191","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q767770","display_name":"Scale-invariant feature transform","level":3,"score":0.8317856788635254},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.829540491104126},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C170858558","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1394144","display_name":"Automatic summarization","level":2,"score":0.7784016728401184},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C103278499","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q254465","display_name":"Similarity (geometry)","level":3,"score":0.5479441285133362},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.5272813439369202},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98045186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205663","display_name":"Process (computing)","level":2,"score":0.5021946430206299},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C1667742","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10927554","display_name":"Image retrieval","level":3,"score":0.46720144152641296},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776401178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12050496","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.45918887853622437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110875604","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q75","display_name":"The Internet","level":2,"score":0.44971713423728943},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108260229","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47023","display_name":"Orb (optics)","level":3,"score":0.44227302074432373},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.42883431911468506},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C23123220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q816826","display_name":"Information retrieval","level":1,"score":0.39176493883132935},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.33410507440567017},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.33033278584480286},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.12025922536849976},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2023.3289759","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/access.2023.3289759","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/10163766.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:shdl.mmu.edu.my:11587","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":null,"pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196753","display_name":"Siti Hasmah Digital Library-MMU Institutiona Repository (Multimedia University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I173029219","host_organization_name":"Multimedia University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I173029219"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pure.atira.dk:publications/689a97cb-eb97-4101-bde7-44f14da9ab76","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://research-repository.uwa.edu.au/en/publications/689a97cb-eb97-4101-bde7-44f14da9ab76","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402523","display_name":"UWA Profiles and Research Repository (University of Western Australia)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I177877127","host_organization_name":"The University of Western Australia","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I177877127"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Zubair , M , Alim , M A , Naseem , I , Alam , M M &amp; Su'Ud , M M 2023 , ' Reverse Image Search for Collage : A Novel Local Feature-Based Framework ' , IEEE Access , vol. 11 , pp. 78182-78191 . https://doi.org/10.1109/ACCESS.2023.3289759","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:2d104cae51c144e48df95b54278856a6","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/2d104cae51c144e48df95b54278856a6","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 11, Pp 78182-78191 (2023)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pure.atira.dk:publications/689a97cb-eb97-4101-bde7-44f14da9ab76","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://www.scopus.com/pages/publications/85163526176","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402523","display_name":"UWA Profiles and Research Repository (University of Western Australia)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I177877127","host_organization_name":"The University of Western Australia","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I177877127"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Zubair, M, Alim, M A, Naseem, I, Alam, M M & Su'Ud, M M 2023, 'Reverse Image Search for Collage : A Novel Local Feature-Based Framework', IEEE Access, vol. 11, pp. 78182-78191. https://doi.org/10.1109/ACCESS.2023.3289759","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2023.3289759","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/access.2023.3289759","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/10163766.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4382138553.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4382138553.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":37,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1507589574","https://openalex.org/W2021018251","https://openalex.org/W2029513326","https://openalex.org/W2052404564","https://openalex.org/W2087028755","https://openalex.org/W2117228865","https://openalex.org/W2199142516","https://openalex.org/W2528077728","https://openalex.org/W2552697241","https://openalex.org/W2556373872","https://openalex.org/W2612976524","https://openalex.org/W2763213405","https://openalex.org/W2766458758","https://openalex.org/W2809600522","https://openalex.org/W2885050713","https://openalex.org/W2896288507","https://openalex.org/W2900673520","https://openalex.org/W2905711612","https://openalex.org/W2960053204","https://openalex.org/W2976670645","https://openalex.org/W2981826815","https://openalex.org/W3000187177","https://openalex.org/W3004887560","https://openalex.org/W3007696889","https://openalex.org/W3009014408","https://openalex.org/W3017207995","https://openalex.org/W3088831751","https://openalex.org/W3108274592","https://openalex.org/W3119589206","https://openalex.org/W3156295963","https://openalex.org/W4200352085","https://openalex.org/W4206453580","https://openalex.org/W4226424507","https://openalex.org/W4280594666","https://openalex.org/W4312312150","https://openalex.org/W6745272545","https://openalex.org/W6772994888"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3119342790","https://openalex.org/W3103148063","https://openalex.org/W2794556651","https://openalex.org/W4205482147","https://openalex.org/W2005032722","https://openalex.org/W2763213405","https://openalex.org/W1951615866","https://openalex.org/W59890435","https://openalex.org/W4312069198","https://openalex.org/W4382882667"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Collage,":[0],"a":[1,21,49,57,81,107,211],"popular":[2],"form":[3,78],"of":[4,35,117,123,140,143,213],"visual-content":[5],"summarization":[6],"technique":[7],"is":[8,20,38,56,166,173,186,200],"commonly":[9],"used":[10],"by":[11,128,149],"internet":[12],"users":[13],"and":[14,60,89,132,172,189,205,209,215],"digital":[15],"artists.":[16],"Social":[17],"media":[18],"usage":[19],"rising":[22],"trend":[23],"that":[24],"significantly":[25],"affects":[26],"the":[27,115,120,138,141,156,161,194],"increasing":[28],"demand":[29,59],"for":[30,48,110,114],"collages.":[31],"The":[32,63,163,183,197],"primary":[33],"source":[34],"collage":[36,124],"generation":[37],"social":[39],"media,":[40],"but":[41,94],"other":[42],"sources":[43],"also":[44,61,201],"generate":[45],"it.":[46],"Searching":[47],"required":[50],"query":[51,64],"image":[52,65,112],"in":[53,75],"this":[54,92,103],"corpus":[55],"crucial":[58],"valuable.":[62],"can":[66],"be":[67],"retrieved":[68],"using":[69,129,180,193,218],"Reverse":[70],"Image":[71],"Search":[72],"(RIS),":[73],"either":[74],"its":[76],"exact":[77],"or":[79],"with":[80],"small":[82],"variation.":[83],"Well-known":[84],"search":[85],"engines":[86],"like":[87],"Google":[88],"Yandex":[90],"have":[91,177],"functionality,":[93],"their":[95],"method":[96],"has":[97],"not":[98],"been":[99],"made":[100],"public.":[101],"In":[102],"research,":[104],"we":[105],"propose":[106,153],"consolidated":[108],"framework":[109],"reverse":[111],"searching":[113],"problem":[116],"collage.":[118],"Essentially,":[119],"local":[121],"features":[122,136],"images":[125],"are":[126],"extracted":[127],"SIFT,":[130],"SURF,":[131],"ORB":[133],"algorithms.":[134],"These":[135],"undergo":[137],"localization":[139],"region":[142],"interest":[144],"(ROI)":[145],"process":[146],"which":[147],"handles":[148],"binning":[150],"technique.":[151],"We":[152],"to":[154,159,175],"use":[155],"Manhattan":[157],"distance":[158],"calculate":[160],"similarity.":[162],"proposed":[164,184,198],"model":[165,185],"extensively":[167],"evaluated":[168,202],"on":[169,203],"standard":[170],"databases":[171],"shown":[174],"always":[176],"good":[178],"results":[179],"SIFT":[181,195,219],"algorithm.":[182,196,220],"entirely":[187],"generic":[188],"attains":[190],"90.96%,":[191],"accuracy":[192],"approach":[199],"flip":[204],"scale":[206],"variant":[207],"college":[208],"achieves":[210],"result":[212],"83%":[214],"78%":[216],"respectively,":[217]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-08-01T09:00:35.917206","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
