{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4381249665","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2023.3287214","title":"Identifying Multiple Propagation Sources With Motif-Based Graph Convolutional Networks for Social Networks","display_name":"Identifying Multiple Propagation Sources With Motif-Based Graph Convolutional Networks for Social Networks","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4381249665","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2023.3287214"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2023.3287214","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2023.3287214","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/10005208/10155112.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/10005208/10155112.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101508004","display_name":"Kaijun Yang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7629-5632"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I50760025","display_name":"Hangzhou Dianzi University","ror":"https://ror.org/0576gt767","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I50760025"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kaijun Yang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Cyberspace, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Cyberspace, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I50760025"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5001002231","display_name":"Qing Bao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3550-5098"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I50760025","display_name":"Hangzhou Dianzi University","ror":"https://ror.org/0576gt767","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I50760025"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Qing Bao","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Cyberspace, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3550-5098","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Cyberspace, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I50760025"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5052068543","display_name":"Hongjun Qiu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3239-4473"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I50760025","display_name":"Hangzhou Dianzi University","ror":"https://ror.org/0576gt767","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I50760025"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hongjun Qiu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Cyberspace, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3239-4473","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Cyberspace, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I50760025"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I50760025"],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":1.4647,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":10,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.80471465,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":97,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"11","issue":null,"first_page":"61630","last_page":"61645"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10064","display_name":"Complex Network Analysis Techniques","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3109","display_name":"Statistical and Nonlinear Physics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10064","display_name":"Complex Network Analysis Techniques","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3109","display_name":"Statistical and Nonlinear Physics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12592","display_name":"Opinion Dynamics and Social Influence","score":0.9987999796867371,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3109","display_name":"Statistical and Nonlinear Physics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11147","display_name":"Misinformation and Its Impacts","score":0.9961000084877014,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7618931531906128},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/motif","display_name":"Motif (music)","score":0.6697129607200623},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/graph","display_name":"Graph","score":0.5207288861274719},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/theoretical-computer-science","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","score":0.46813687682151794},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining","display_name":"Data mining","score":0.3381366729736328},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.3322397470474243}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7618931531906128},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C32276052","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q908349","display_name":"Motif (music)","level":2,"score":0.6697129607200623},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C132525143","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141488","display_name":"Graph","level":2,"score":0.5207288861274719},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80444323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2878974","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","level":1,"score":0.46813687682151794},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.3381366729736328},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.3322397470474243},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24890656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q82811","display_name":"Acoustics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2023.3287214","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2023.3287214","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/10005208/10155112.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:8a79366b50c64d6ea771a33aa3a3b594","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/8a79366b50c64d6ea771a33aa3a3b594","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 11, Pp 61630-61645 (2023)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2023.3287214","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2023.3287214","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/10005208/10155112.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Reduced inequalities","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10","score":0.550000011920929}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2104497133","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61806061","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2868392903","display_name":"\u57fa\u4e8e\u7f51\u7edc\u591a\u5143\u7ed3\u6784\u7684\u81ea\u4e3b\u514d\u75ab\u7b56\u7565\u7814\u7a76","funder_award_id":"LQ19F030011","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320338464","funder_display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Zhejiang Province"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320338464","display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Zhejiang Province","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4381249665.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4381249665.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":93,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W19838944","https://openalex.org/W785819662","https://openalex.org/W1495750374","https://openalex.org/W1554960070","https://openalex.org/W1564025607","https://openalex.org/W1626831364","https://openalex.org/W1697976105","https://openalex.org/W1971421925","https://openalex.org/W1982357212","https://openalex.org/W1992250165","https://openalex.org/W1994320166","https://openalex.org/W2011014734","https://openalex.org/W2013307517","https://openalex.org/W2022101730","https://openalex.org/W2054631570","https://openalex.org/W2061820396","https://openalex.org/W2065996638","https://openalex.org/W2095006675","https://openalex.org/W2109469951","https://openalex.org/W2110227539","https://openalex.org/W2111772797","https://openalex.org/W2117289809","https://openalex.org/W2118843429","https://openalex.org/W2130466555","https://openalex.org/W2133131640","https://openalex.org/W2150105124","https://openalex.org/W2153624566","https://openalex.org/W2156020699","https://openalex.org/W2157082398","https://openalex.org/W2158787690","https://openalex.org/W2241571695","https://openalex.org/W2314675936","https://openalex.org/W2344320841","https://openalex.org/W2469279958","https://openalex.org/W2479032158","https://openalex.org/W2479445230","https://openalex.org/W2528339895","https://openalex.org/W2546502289","https://openalex.org/W2562676961","https://openalex.org/W2569283211","https://openalex.org/W2604272474","https://openalex.org/W2605245004","https://openalex.org/W2610676001","https://openalex.org/W2743418339","https://openalex.org/W2789376897","https://openalex.org/W2791974958","https://openalex.org/W2809583854","https://openalex.org/W2896253905","https://openalex.org/W2907492528","https://openalex.org/W2936139221","https://openalex.org/W2963084622","https://openalex.org/W2977426966","https://openalex.org/W2983244957","https://openalex.org/W2983864285","https://openalex.org/W3007727665","https://openalex.org/W3011644955","https://openalex.org/W3018191590","https://openalex.org/W3028571922","https://openalex.org/W3092765492","https://openalex.org/W3101413764","https://openalex.org/W3101805821","https://openalex.org/W3105272691","https://openalex.org/W3107952835","https://openalex.org/W3120787907","https://openalex.org/W3125491592","https://openalex.org/W3131492870","https://openalex.org/W3156407744","https://openalex.org/W3161007514","https://openalex.org/W3181726346","https://openalex.org/W3194841521","https://openalex.org/W4214834554","https://openalex.org/W4220689618","https://openalex.org/W4224316369","https://openalex.org/W4226094521","https://openalex.org/W4229080773","https://openalex.org/W4283650047","https://openalex.org/W4283807147","https://openalex.org/W4285606578","https://openalex.org/W4290944676","https://openalex.org/W4312554322","https://openalex.org/W6631190155","https://openalex.org/W6637178625","https://openalex.org/W6637456938","https://openalex.org/W6683180375","https://openalex.org/W6713582119","https://openalex.org/W6719270105","https://openalex.org/W6720006811","https://openalex.org/W6726873649","https://openalex.org/W6736685754","https://openalex.org/W6756561102","https://openalex.org/W6760423706","https://openalex.org/W6771625333","https://openalex.org/W6786719955"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3170299350","https://openalex.org/W2368410102","https://openalex.org/W2605676258","https://openalex.org/W2368037387","https://openalex.org/W190186656","https://openalex.org/W2902352756","https://openalex.org/W2377079823","https://openalex.org/W2953439652","https://openalex.org/W2599962286","https://openalex.org/W2319582300"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Identifying":[0],"the":[1,10,16,24,50,56,72,133,155,233,238,242,246],"sources":[2,45],"of":[3,15,53,75,95,148,158,250],"propagation":[4,26,57,181,251],"in":[5,35,46,55,68,100],"social":[6,51,93,101,243],"networks,":[7],"such":[8],"as":[9,71],"misinformation":[11],"propagation,":[12],"is":[13,28,31,58,78,168,188,217,252],"one":[14],"key":[17],"issues":[18],"recently.":[19],"Most":[20],"existing":[21],"studies":[22],"assume":[23],"underlying":[25,180,247],"model":[27],"known,":[29],"which":[30],"difficult":[32],"to":[33,42,60,109,144,170,179,190,195],"obtain":[34],"practice.":[36],"Recent":[37],"efforts":[38],"have":[39],"been":[40],"devoted":[41],"detect":[43],"multiple":[44],"real-world":[47,213],"situations,":[48],"and":[49,162,212,245],"influence":[52,94,244],"neighbors":[54,96,157,173,231],"assumed":[59],"be":[61],"identical.":[62],"However,":[63],"this":[64,85,89],"assumption":[65],"will":[66],"result":[67],"inaccurate":[69],"results":[70,201],"infection":[73],"state":[74],"a":[76,121,159,163],"node":[77,224],"determined":[79],"by":[80,91],"its":[81],"critical":[82,156,172,230,248],"neighbors.":[83],"In":[84],"paper,":[86],"we":[87,119],"fill":[88],"gap":[90],"capturing":[92],"with":[97,222],"structural":[98,149],"properties":[99],"networks.":[102,214],"For":[103],"instance,":[104],"opinions":[105],"are":[106,142],"more":[107,196],"likely":[108],"spread":[110],"via":[111],"closely":[112],"connected":[113],"friends":[114],"within":[115],"small":[116],"groups.":[117],"Here":[118],"propose":[120],"Motif-based":[122],"Graph":[123],"Convolutional":[124],"Networks":[125],"for":[126,174,186,220],"Source":[127],"Identification":[128],"(MGCNSI)":[129],"framework":[130],"based":[131],"on":[132,209],"GCN-based":[134],"source":[135],"identification":[136],"approach.":[137],"Specifically,":[138],"different":[139,146],"network":[140],"motifs":[141,239],"used":[143],"capture":[145,241],"types":[147],"properties.":[150],"Then":[151],"each":[152],"motif":[153],"extracts":[154],"particular":[160],"type,":[161],"motif-based":[164],"graph":[165],"convolutional":[166],"layer":[167],"constructed":[169],"aggregate":[171],"that":[175,203],"motif.":[176],"To":[177],"adapt":[178],"mechanisms,":[182],"an":[183],"attention":[184],"mechanism":[185],"aggregation":[187],"designed":[189],"automatically":[191],"assign":[192],"higher":[193],"weights":[194],"informative":[197],"motifs.":[198],"The":[199,215],"empirical":[200],"demonstrate":[202],"MGCNSI":[204,227],"outperforms":[205],"several":[206],"benchmark":[207],"methods":[208],"both":[210],"synthetic":[211],"advantage":[216],"most":[218],"obvious":[219],"networks":[221],"denser":[223],"neighborhoods,":[225],"where":[226],"can":[228,240],"select":[229],"from":[232],"larger":[234],"neighbor":[235],"sets.":[236],"How":[237],"paths":[249],"also":[253],"illustrated.":[254]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-07-13T07:31:44.756512","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
