{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4380785264","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2023.3286535","title":"A Compact Broadband Stepped Bow-Tie Antenna for Ambient RF Energy Harvesting","display_name":"A Compact Broadband Stepped Bow-Tie Antenna for Ambient RF Energy Harvesting","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4380785264","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2023.3286535"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2023.3286535","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2023.3286535","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/10005208/10153536.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/10005208/10153536.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5013777500","display_name":"Seong\u2010Jin Kim","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1682-9361"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I157485424","display_name":"Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05apxxy63","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157485424"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Seong-Jin Kim","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1682-9361","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157485424"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100698370","display_name":"Sol Kim","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6354-6524"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I157485424","display_name":"Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05apxxy63","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157485424"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sol Kim","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6354-6524","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157485424"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100416298","display_name":"Ji-Hoon Lee","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0035-3466"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I157485424","display_name":"Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05apxxy63","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157485424"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ji-Hoon Lee","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157485424"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102860768","display_name":"Jong\u2010Won Yu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9932-757X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I157485424","display_name":"Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05apxxy63","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157485424"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jong-Won Yu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9932-757X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157485424"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5013777500"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157485424"],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":1.3927,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":11,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.81030754,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"11","issue":null,"first_page":"60365","last_page":"60373"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11392","display_name":"Energy Harvesting in Wireless Networks","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11392","display_name":"Energy Harvesting in Wireless Networks","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10069","display_name":"Antenna Design and Analysis","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10986","display_name":"RFID technology advancements","score":0.9976999759674072,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2214","display_name":"Media Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/broadband","display_name":"Broadband","score":0.5561366081237793},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bandwidth","display_name":"Bandwidth (computing)","score":0.5452554225921631},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/compact-space","display_name":"Compact space","score":0.5346246361732483},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/topology","display_name":"Topology (electrical circuits)","score":0.3659462630748749},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.35794442892074585},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.3519998788833618},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.34266024827957153},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.322865754365921},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.23043352365493774},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematical-analysis","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","score":0.22503703832626343},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.18661662936210632}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C509933004","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q194163","display_name":"Broadband","level":2,"score":0.5561366081237793},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776257435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1576430","display_name":"Bandwidth (computing)","level":2,"score":0.5452554225921631},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18648836","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q381892","display_name":"Compact space","level":2,"score":0.5346246361732483},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184720557","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7825049","display_name":"Topology (electrical circuits)","level":2,"score":0.3659462630748749},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.35794442892074585},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.3519998788833618},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.34266024827957153},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.322865754365921},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.23043352365493774},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.22503703832626343},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.18661662936210632}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2023.3286535","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2023.3286535","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/10005208/10153536.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:d7c110a328bd43fbae0fce2991465bda","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/d7c110a328bd43fbae0fce2991465bda","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 11, Pp 60365-60373 (2023)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2023.3286535","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2023.3286535","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/10005208/10153536.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","score":0.9200000166893005}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3728525294","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"IITP-2020-0-01778","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320328359","funder_display_name":"Ministry of Science and ICT, South Korea"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320324891","display_name":"Iran Telecommunication Research Center","ror":"https://ror.org/01a3g2z22"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320328359","display_name":"Ministry of Science and ICT, South Korea","ror":"https://ror.org/01wpjm123"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335489","display_name":"Institute for Information and Communications Technology Promotion","ror":"https://ror.org/01g0hqq23"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4380785264.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4380785264.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":29,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1504343030","https://openalex.org/W1521381332","https://openalex.org/W2023543377","https://openalex.org/W2039910645","https://openalex.org/W2056900908","https://openalex.org/W2084170365","https://openalex.org/W2104250954","https://openalex.org/W2113321915","https://openalex.org/W2167139065","https://openalex.org/W2246438881","https://openalex.org/W2247202259","https://openalex.org/W2563039394","https://openalex.org/W2645264928","https://openalex.org/W2725946493","https://openalex.org/W2763019969","https://openalex.org/W2767389515","https://openalex.org/W2791891942","https://openalex.org/W2792833945","https://openalex.org/W2805846393","https://openalex.org/W2895842011","https://openalex.org/W2903324306","https://openalex.org/W2923858769","https://openalex.org/W2980017958","https://openalex.org/W2990118740","https://openalex.org/W3008382378","https://openalex.org/W3043068372","https://openalex.org/W3138995019","https://openalex.org/W4285018546","https://openalex.org/W6671454642"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W2487640660","https://openalex.org/W2612526717","https://openalex.org/W2121543990","https://openalex.org/W2402800040","https://openalex.org/W4252969132","https://openalex.org/W2000020320","https://openalex.org/W2805799113","https://openalex.org/W2527699603","https://openalex.org/W1990949930"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"paper":[1,246],"presents":[2],"a":[3,44,132,155,214,261],"compact":[4,156,242],"broadband":[5,89,240],"stepped":[6,20,78],"bow-tie":[7,45,110],"antenna":[8,17,40,90,113,130,243],"for":[9,22,50,100,254,264],"ambient":[10,30,186],"RF":[11,31,187],"energy":[12,32,188],"harvesting":[13],"(RFEH).":[14],"The":[15,107,239],"proposed":[16,129,182,225],"consists":[18],"of":[19,43,52,77,135,137,158,213],"shapes":[21,79],"wide":[23,65],"bandwidth,":[24,66],"making":[25],"it":[26,95],"possible":[27],"to":[28,47,62,74,105,151,249,257],"investigate":[29],"in":[33,91,244],"entire":[34],"cellular":[35],"bands.":[36],"In":[37,84,227],"addition,":[38,85],"the":[39,58,68,75,88,97,121,128,181,195,205,207,224,234,237,251,255],"is":[41,118],"composed":[42],"shape":[46],"achieve":[48,63],"compactness":[49],"internet":[51],"things":[53],"(IoT)":[54],"sensors.":[55,266],"We":[56,125],"explain":[57],"design":[59],"steps":[60],"taken":[61],"this":[64,245],"analyzing":[67],"surface":[69,122],"current":[70,123],"distributions":[71],"with":[72,96,120,154,236],"respect":[73],"number":[76],"through":[80],"an":[81],"EM":[82],"simulation.":[83],"we":[86,184,230],"cut":[87],"half":[92,112],"and":[93,193,201,216,221,232,241],"integrated":[94,222],"RFEH":[98,208,235,252],"circuit":[99,209],"compactness,":[101],"causing":[102],"impedance":[103,115],"matching":[104],"deteriorate.":[106],"novel":[108],"modified":[109],"shaped":[111],"improved":[114],"matching,":[116],"which":[117],"analyzed":[119],"distribution.":[124],"found":[126],"that":[127],"has":[131],"fractional":[133],"bandwidth":[134],"125%":[136],"<inline-formula":[138,161,169],"xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"":[139,162,170],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">":[140,163,171],"<tex-math":[141,164,172],"notation=\"LaTeX\">$S_{11}":[142],"&lt;":[143],"-10$":[144],"</tex-math></inline-formula>":[145,166,178],"dB,":[146],"ranging":[147],"from":[148],"0.85":[149],"GHz":[150,153,200],"3.66":[152],"dimension":[157],"68":[159],"mm":[160,167],"notation=\"LaTeX\">$\\times107$":[165],"(":[168],"notation=\"LaTeX\">$0.19\\,\\,\\lambda":[173],"_{0}":[174],"\\times":[175],"0.30\\,\\,\\lambda":[176],"_{0}$":[177],").":[179],"With":[180],"antenna,":[183],"investigated":[185],"at":[189],"several":[190],"outdoor":[191],"sites":[192],"chose":[194],"feasible":[196],"frequency":[197],"bands":[198],"(0.9":[199],"1.8":[202],"GHz).":[203],"For":[204],"bands,":[206],"was":[210],"designed":[211],"consisting":[212],"rectifier":[215],"power":[217,262],"management":[218],"unit":[219],"(PMU),":[220],"into":[223],"antenna.":[226,238],"one":[228],"site,":[229],"experimented":[231],"verified":[233],"can":[247],"contribute":[248],"implementing":[250],"prototype":[253],"capability":[256],"be":[258],"used":[259],"as":[260],"source":[263],"IoT":[265]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-05-06T08:25:59.206177","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}