{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4380681932","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2023.3286034","title":"Analysis-Based Optimization of Temporal Dynamic Convolutional Neural Network for Text-Independent Speaker Verification","display_name":"Analysis-Based Optimization of Temporal Dynamic Convolutional Neural Network for Text-Independent Speaker Verification","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4380681932","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2023.3286034"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2023.3286034","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/access.2023.3286034","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/10005208/10151875.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/10005208/10151875.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5085633235","display_name":"Seong-Hu Kim","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3101-8732"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I157485424","display_name":"Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05apxxy63","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157485424"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Seong-Hu Kim","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Mechanical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, South Korea"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3101-8732","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mechanical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157485424"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5068022654","display_name":"Hyeonuk Nam","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1169-5640"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I157485424","display_name":"Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05apxxy63","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157485424"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hyeonuk Nam","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Mechanical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, South Korea"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1169-5640","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mechanical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157485424"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5044559850","display_name":"Yong\u2010Hwa Park","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3519-1321"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I157485424","display_name":"Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05apxxy63","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157485424"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yong-Hwa Park","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Mechanical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, South Korea"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3519-1321","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mechanical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157485424"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157485424"],"apc_list":{"value":1950,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1950},"apc_paid":{"value":1950,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1950},"fwci":0.3939,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":3,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.68824078,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"11","issue":null,"first_page":"60646","last_page":"60659"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10201","display_name":"Speech Recognition and Synthesis","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10201","display_name":"Speech Recognition and Synthesis","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10860","display_name":"Speech and Audio Processing","score":0.9988999962806702,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11309","display_name":"Music and Audio Processing","score":0.9983000159263611,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7148703336715698},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/convolution","display_name":"Convolution (computer science)","score":0.6787737607955933},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/convolutional-neural-network","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","score":0.5825258493423462},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/speech-recognition","display_name":"Speech recognition","score":0.5767617225646973},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/kernel","display_name":"Kernel (algebra)","score":0.5219590067863464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.4634551703929901},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/temporal-database","display_name":"Temporal database","score":0.44463470578193665},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bin","display_name":"Bin","score":0.427803099155426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.377861887216568},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-neural-network","display_name":"Artificial neural network","score":0.3546266555786133},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.29611313343048096},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.16975608468055725},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining","display_name":"Data mining","score":0.13468164205551147}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7148703336715698},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45347329","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5166604","display_name":"Convolution (computer science)","level":3,"score":0.6787737607955933},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81363708","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17084460","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","level":2,"score":0.5825258493423462},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28490314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189436","display_name":"Speech recognition","level":1,"score":0.5767617225646973},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74193536","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q574844","display_name":"Kernel (algebra)","level":2,"score":0.5219590067863464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.4634551703929901},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77277458","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1969246","display_name":"Temporal database","level":2,"score":0.44463470578193665},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C156273044","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4913766","display_name":"Bin","level":2,"score":0.427803099155426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.377861887216568},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.3546266555786133},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.29611313343048096},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.16975608468055725},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.13468164205551147},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C114614502","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q76592","display_name":"Combinatorics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2023.3286034","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/access.2023.3286034","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/10005208/10151875.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:edba0a8950d048c081ead7e5888ea2f3","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/edba0a8950d048c081ead7e5888ea2f3","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 11, Pp 60646-60659 (2023)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2023.3286034","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/access.2023.3286034","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/10005208/10151875.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Quality Education","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","score":0.699999988079071}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3394960512","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"UM22409RD4","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321681","funder_display_name":"Ministry of Trade, Industry and Energy"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6604595717","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"UM22409RD4","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320329473","funder_display_name":"Institute of Civil-Military Technology Cooperation"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321681","display_name":"Ministry of Trade, Industry and Energy","ror":"https://ror.org/008nkqk13"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320329473","display_name":"Institute of Civil-Military Technology Cooperation","ror":"https://ror.org/027331q77"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334874","display_name":"Defense Acquisition Program Administration","ror":"https://ror.org/04bjg9m96"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4380681932.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4380681932.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":94,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W17640595","https://openalex.org/W64167759","https://openalex.org/W120067571","https://openalex.org/W125553504","https://openalex.org/W1006777433","https://openalex.org/W1593114658","https://openalex.org/W1635512741","https://openalex.org/W1686810756","https://openalex.org/W1752971345","https://openalex.org/W2041823554","https://openalex.org/W2051779431","https://openalex.org/W2089217417","https://openalex.org/W2111978427","https://openalex.org/W2117671523","https://openalex.org/W2131221986","https://openalex.org/W2150884987","https://openalex.org/W2154278880","https://openalex.org/W2157161740","https://openalex.org/W2194775991","https://openalex.org/W2242818861","https://openalex.org/W2325237720","https://openalex.org/W2402146185","https://openalex.org/W2404617565","https://openalex.org/W2405210557","https://openalex.org/W2406778302","https://openalex.org/W2502312327","https://openalex.org/W2624871570","https://openalex.org/W2726515241","https://openalex.org/W2746742816","https://openalex.org/W2747238065","https://openalex.org/W2748488820","https://openalex.org/W2794506738","https://openalex.org/W2798722023","https://openalex.org/W2808631503","https://openalex.org/W2884751099","https://openalex.org/W2887499727","https://openalex.org/W2888867175","https://openalex.org/W2888897023","https://openalex.org/W2889176060","https://openalex.org/W2889385246","https://openalex.org/W2890704021","https://openalex.org/W2890964092","https://openalex.org/W2913340405","https://openalex.org/W2938358845","https://openalex.org/W2944388686","https://openalex.org/W2945244898","https://openalex.org/W2962677625","https://openalex.org/W2962858109","https://openalex.org/W2962935523","https://openalex.org/W2962944050","https://openalex.org/W2962959915","https://openalex.org/W2963139879","https://openalex.org/W2963321359","https://openalex.org/W2963393494","https://openalex.org/W2963870605","https://openalex.org/W2972712416","https://openalex.org/W2972743990","https://openalex.org/W2981087920","https://openalex.org/W2981609494","https://openalex.org/W2998115938","https://openalex.org/W3003390211","https://openalex.org/W3013020904","https://openalex.org/W3015648588","https://openalex.org/W3024869864","https://openalex.org/W3034421924","https://openalex.org/W3090254849","https://openalex.org/W3096084197","https://openalex.org/W3097298049","https://openalex.org/W3109269658","https://openalex.org/W3120735991","https://openalex.org/W3163505255","https://openalex.org/W3198041020","https://openalex.org/W3204647170","https://openalex.org/W4206285316","https://openalex.org/W4225331914","https://openalex.org/W4295116917","https://openalex.org/W4394665180","https://openalex.org/W6635221813","https://openalex.org/W6637373629","https://openalex.org/W6685943813","https://openalex.org/W6690026940","https://openalex.org/W6701498492","https://openalex.org/W6712053837","https://openalex.org/W6712806376","https://openalex.org/W6713876667","https://openalex.org/W6716109767","https://openalex.org/W6724804524","https://openalex.org/W6739365718","https://openalex.org/W6741753902","https://openalex.org/W6743446608","https://openalex.org/W6745447533","https://openalex.org/W6767312599","https://openalex.org/W6864424756","https://openalex.org/W6864750640"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2107701374","https://openalex.org/W1616588898","https://openalex.org/W4395000504","https://openalex.org/W2964954556","https://openalex.org/W4386858688","https://openalex.org/W2982536526","https://openalex.org/W4380302312","https://openalex.org/W3008689640","https://openalex.org/W4385338604","https://openalex.org/W3081626085"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Temporal":[0],"dynamic":[1,38,69,81,154,192],"convolution":[2,39,155,193,210],"neural":[3],"networks":[4,120],"(TDY-CNNs)":[5],"extract":[6],"speaker":[7,18,103,111,180,184,195],"embeddings":[8],"considering":[9],"the":[10,29,33,67,78,101,139,152,161,167],"time-varying":[11],"characteristics":[12,199],"of":[13,32,43,83,91,108,145,200,214],"speech":[14],"and":[15,53,121,141],"improve":[16],"text-independent":[17],"verification":[19,104,112,181],"performance.":[20],"In":[21,65,170],"this":[22],"paper,":[23],"we":[24,126,188],"optimize":[25],"TDY-CNNs":[26],"based":[27],"on":[28,160,179],"detailed":[30],"analysis":[31],"network":[34,61],"architecture.":[35],"The":[36],"temporal":[37,68,80,153,191],"generates":[40],"attention":[41,146],"weight":[42],"basis":[44],"kernels":[45,158],"from":[46,197],"features":[47],"defined":[48],"by":[49,63,172],"concatenating":[50],"average":[51],"channel":[52],"frequency":[54,198],"data,":[55],"resulting":[56],"in":[57,60,74],"a":[58,87,96],"reduction":[59],"parameters":[62],"26%.":[64],"addition,":[66,171],"convolutions":[70,73,82],"replace":[71],"vanilla":[72,209],"earlier":[75],"layers,":[76],"while":[77,208],"optimized":[79],"latter":[84],"layers":[85],"use":[86],"steady":[88],"kernel":[89],"regardless":[90],"time":[92,201],"bin":[93],"data.":[94,169],"As":[95],"result,":[97],"Opt-TDY-ResNet-34($\\times":[98],"0.50$)":[99],"shows":[100],"best":[102],"performance":[105],"with":[106],"EER":[107],"1.07%":[109],"among":[110],"models":[113],"without":[114],"data":[115,133],"augmentation":[116],"including":[117],"ResNet-based":[118],"baseline":[119],"other":[122],"state-of-the-art":[123],"networks.":[124],"Moreover,":[125],"validate":[127],"that":[128,151,190],"Opt-TDY-CNNs":[129],"adapt":[130],"to":[131,166,182],"time-bin":[132,168],"through":[134],"various":[135],"methods.":[136],"By":[137],"comparing":[138],"inter":[140],"intra":[142],"phoneme":[143,162],"distance":[144],"weights,":[147],"it":[148],"was":[149],"confirmed":[150],"uses":[156],"different":[157],"depending":[159],"groups":[163],"directly":[164],"related":[165],"applying":[173],"gradient-weighted":[174],"class":[175],"activation":[176,185],"mapping":[177],"(Grad-CAM)":[178],"obtain":[183],"map":[186],"(SAM),":[187],"showed":[189],"extracts":[194,211],"information":[196],"bins":[202],"such":[203],"as":[204],"phonemes\u2019":[205],"formant":[206],"frequencies":[207],"vague":[212],"outline":[213],"Mel-spectrogram.":[215]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-08-29T07:29:34.045763","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
