{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4380682691","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2023.3286016","title":"Design of Secure and Lightweight Authentication Scheme for UAV-Enabled Intelligent Transportation Systems Using Blockchain and PUF","display_name":"Design of Secure and Lightweight Authentication Scheme for UAV-Enabled Intelligent Transportation Systems Using Blockchain and PUF","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4380682691","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2023.3286016"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2023.3286016","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2023.3286016","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/10005208/10151864.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/10005208/10151864.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5023803037","display_name":"Seunghwan Son","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3198-8467"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I31419693","display_name":"Kyungpook National University","ror":"https://ror.org/040c17130","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I31419693"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Seunghwan Son","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3198-8467","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I31419693"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5018787410","display_name":"Deokkyu Kwon","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0014-1965"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I31419693","display_name":"Kyungpook National University","ror":"https://ror.org/040c17130","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I31419693"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Deokkyu Kwon","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0014-1965","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I31419693"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100704170","display_name":"Sang-Woo Lee","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6281-382X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I142401562","display_name":"Electronics and Telecommunications Research Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/03ysstz10","country_code":"KR","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I142401562","https://openalex.org/I2801339556","https://openalex.org/I4210144908","https://openalex.org/I4387152098"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sangwoo Lee","raw_affiliation_strings":["Electronics and Telecommunications Research Institute, Daejeon, South Korea"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6281-382X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Electronics and Telecommunications Research Institute, Daejeon, South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I142401562"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102179104","display_name":"Yong-Sung Jeon","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I142401562","display_name":"Electronics and Telecommunications Research Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/03ysstz10","country_code":"KR","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I142401562","https://openalex.org/I2801339556","https://openalex.org/I4210144908","https://openalex.org/I4387152098"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yongsung Jeon","raw_affiliation_strings":["Electronics and Telecommunications Research Institute, Daejeon, South Korea"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Electronics and Telecommunications Research Institute, Daejeon, South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I142401562"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5011213078","display_name":"Ashok Kumar Das","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5196-9589"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I64189192","display_name":"International Institute of Information Technology, Hyderabad","ror":"https://ror.org/05f11g639","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I64189192"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ashok Kumar Das","raw_affiliation_strings":["Center for Security, Theory and Algorithmic Research, International Institute of Information Technology, Hyderabad, India"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5196-9589","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center for Security, Theory and Algorithmic Research, International Institute of Information Technology, Hyderabad, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I64189192"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100650746","display_name":"Youngho Park","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0406-6547"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I31419693","display_name":"Kyungpook National University","ror":"https://ror.org/040c17130","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I31419693"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Youngho Park","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0406-6547","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I31419693"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5023803037"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I31419693"],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":6.0772,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":48,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.97095287,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":98,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"11","issue":null,"first_page":"60240","last_page":"60253"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10761","display_name":"Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks (VANETs)","score":0.995199978351593,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10761","display_name":"Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks (VANETs)","score":0.995199978351593,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10270","display_name":"Blockchain Technology Applications and Security","score":0.9947999715805054,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11133","display_name":"UAV Applications and Optimization","score":0.9919000267982483,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8234902620315552},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/authentication","display_name":"Authentication (law)","score":0.66230309009552},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scheme","display_name":"Scheme (mathematics)","score":0.6259515881538391},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/intelligent-transportation-system","display_name":"Intelligent transportation system","score":0.5889378190040588},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.5754249095916748},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/vehicular-ad-hoc-network","display_name":"Vehicular ad hoc network","score":0.5298103094100952},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.5110365152359009},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/session","display_name":"Session (web analytics)","score":0.4700019955635071},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/key","display_name":"Key (lock)","score":0.4600598216056824},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/replay-attack","display_name":"Replay attack","score":0.4259006679058075},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless-ad-hoc-network","display_name":"Wireless ad hoc network","score":0.4223024547100067},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless","display_name":"Wireless","score":0.18427902460098267},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.1521098017692566}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8234902620315552},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148417208","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4825882","display_name":"Authentication (law)","level":2,"score":0.66230309009552},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77618280","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1155772","display_name":"Scheme (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.6259515881538391},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47796450","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q508378","display_name":"Intelligent transportation system","level":2,"score":0.5889378190040588},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.5754249095916748},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192448918","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q682677","display_name":"Vehicular ad hoc network","level":4,"score":0.5298103094100952},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.5110365152359009},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779182362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17126187","display_name":"Session (web analytics)","level":2,"score":0.4700019955635071},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26517878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228039","display_name":"Key (lock)","level":2,"score":0.4600598216056824},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11560541","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1756025","display_name":"Replay attack","level":3,"score":0.4259006679058075},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94523657","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4085781","display_name":"Wireless ad hoc network","level":3,"score":0.4223024547100067},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555944384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249","display_name":"Wireless","level":2,"score":0.18427902460098267},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.1521098017692566},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C147176958","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q77590","display_name":"Civil engineering","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2023.3286016","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2023.3286016","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/10005208/10151864.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:cb5499bccf904a88abf495a9326f42c8","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/cb5499bccf904a88abf495a9326f42c8","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 11, Pp 60240-60253 (2023)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2023.3286016","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2023.3286016","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/10005208/10151864.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5656676459","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2020-0-00913","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320328359","funder_display_name":"Ministry of Science and ICT, South Korea"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320324891","display_name":"Iran Telecommunication Research Center","ror":"https://ror.org/01a3g2z22"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320328359","display_name":"Ministry of Science and ICT, South Korea","ror":"https://ror.org/01wpjm123"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335489","display_name":"Institute for Information and Communications Technology Promotion","ror":"https://ror.org/01g0hqq23"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4380682691.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4380682691.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":45,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W149420927","https://openalex.org/W203500824","https://openalex.org/W1526070463","https://openalex.org/W1996058270","https://openalex.org/W2010939995","https://openalex.org/W2029693536","https://openalex.org/W2036284330","https://openalex.org/W2039550057","https://openalex.org/W2088455835","https://openalex.org/W2101325110","https://openalex.org/W2123851516","https://openalex.org/W2131789459","https://openalex.org/W2132544882","https://openalex.org/W2153281696","https://openalex.org/W2154909745","https://openalex.org/W2162325770","https://openalex.org/W2327622231","https://openalex.org/W2567543349","https://openalex.org/W2597364644","https://openalex.org/W2783184536","https://openalex.org/W2794736733","https://openalex.org/W2803109435","https://openalex.org/W2894485563","https://openalex.org/W2905628336","https://openalex.org/W2937840480","https://openalex.org/W2948520157","https://openalex.org/W3080962733","https://openalex.org/W3085972593","https://openalex.org/W3089893234","https://openalex.org/W3092485457","https://openalex.org/W3161415750","https://openalex.org/W3177145937","https://openalex.org/W3184524968","https://openalex.org/W3188326818","https://openalex.org/W3195957468","https://openalex.org/W4205459111","https://openalex.org/W4206388446","https://openalex.org/W4206784086","https://openalex.org/W4206975148","https://openalex.org/W4226215604","https://openalex.org/W4248175462","https://openalex.org/W4285205233","https://openalex.org/W4285611996","https://openalex.org/W4300127641","https://openalex.org/W4312667278"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2027636740","https://openalex.org/W2062688728","https://openalex.org/W2061231656","https://openalex.org/W2771454953","https://openalex.org/W4231650586","https://openalex.org/W3046762796","https://openalex.org/W3202102306","https://openalex.org/W4327774248","https://openalex.org/W2998294818","https://openalex.org/W45347327"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Unmanned-aerial-vehicle":[0],"(UAV)-enabled":[1],"intelligent":[2],"transportation":[3],"system":[4],"(ITS)":[5],"is":[6,96,143,156,185,199],"an":[7],"advanced":[8],"technology":[9],"that":[10,46,117,188,195],"can":[11,31,47],"provide":[12],"various":[13,121],"services":[14,105],"including":[15,163],"autonomous":[16],"driving,":[17],"real-time":[18,77,103],"creation":[19],"of":[20,37,102,169,189],"high-definition":[21],"maps,":[22],"and":[23,44,57,68,81,92,111,128,139,147,160,173,178,182,202],"car":[24,66],"sharing.":[25],"In":[26],"particular,":[27],"a":[28,137],"UAV-enabled":[29],"ITS":[30,104],"be":[32,84,107],"realized":[33],"through":[34],"the":[35,55,100,150,196,207],"combination":[36],"traditional":[38],"vehicular":[39],"ad":[40],"hoc":[41],"networks":[42],"(VANETs)":[43],"UAVs":[45,80,87,110,146],"act":[48],"as":[49,124,204],"flying":[50],"roadside":[51],"units":[52],"(RSUs)":[53],"at":[54],"outskirts":[56],"monitor":[58],"road":[59],"conditions":[60],"from":[61],"predefined":[62],"locations":[63],"to":[64,73,120,206],"spot":[65],"accidents":[67],"any":[69],"law":[70],"violations.":[71],"Notably,":[72],"realize":[74],"these":[75],"services,":[76],"communication":[78],"between":[79],"RSUs":[82,112,148],"must":[83],"guaranteed.":[85],"However,":[86],"have":[88],"limited":[89],"computing":[90],"powers,":[91],"if":[93],"extensive":[94],"computation":[95],"required":[97],"during":[98],"communication,":[99],"provision":[101],"may":[106],"hindered.":[108],"Furthermore,":[109],"communicate":[113],"via":[114],"public":[115],"channels":[116],"are":[118],"prone":[119],"attacks,":[122],"such":[123],"replay,":[125],"impersonation,":[126],"trace,":[127],"session":[129],"key":[130],"disclosure":[131],"attacks.":[132],"Thus,":[133],"in":[134],"this":[135],"article,":[136],"secure":[138,203],"lightweight":[140],"authentication":[141],"scheme":[142,155,198],"proposed":[144,154,197],"for":[145],"using":[149,158],"blockchain":[151],"technology.":[152],"The":[153,192],"analyzed":[157],"informal":[159],"formal":[161],"methods":[162],"Burrows\u2013Abadi\u2013Nikoogadam":[164],"(BAN)":[165],"logic,":[166],"automated":[167],"validation":[168],"internet":[170],"security":[171],"protocols":[172],"applications":[174],"(AVISPA)":[175],"simulation":[176],"tool,":[177],"real\u2013or\u2013random":[179],"(RoR)":[180],"model,":[181],"its":[183],"performance":[184],"compared":[186,205],"with":[187],"related":[190],"schemes.":[191,210],"results":[193],"reveal":[194],"more":[200],"efficient":[201],"other":[208],"competing":[209]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":25},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":6}],"updated_date":"2026-05-06T08:25:59.206177","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}