{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4380480534","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2023.3285630","title":"Light-Weight Security Protocol and Data Model for Chip-to-Chip Zero-Trust","display_name":"Light-Weight Security Protocol and Data Model for Chip-to-Chip Zero-Trust","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4380480534","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2023.3285630"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2023.3285630","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2023.3285630","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/10005208/10149352.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/10005208/10149352.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5035946152","display_name":"Ashfaq Ahmed","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6194-7551"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I176601375","display_name":"Khalifa University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05hffr360","country_code":"AE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I176601375"]}],"countries":["AE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ashfaq Ahmed","raw_affiliation_strings":["Center for Cyber-Physical Systems (C2PS), Khalifa University, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6194-7551","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center for Cyber-Physical Systems (C2PS), Khalifa University, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I176601375"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5038842092","display_name":"Abdulhadi Shoufan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3968-8637"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I176601375","display_name":"Khalifa University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05hffr360","country_code":"AE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I176601375"]}],"countries":["AE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Abdulhadi Shoufan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Center for Cyber-Physical Systems (C2PS), Khalifa University, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates","Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Khalifa University, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3968-8637","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center for Cyber-Physical Systems (C2PS), Khalifa University, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I176601375"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Khalifa University, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I176601375"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5000493273","display_name":"Kais Belwafi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1455-439X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I176601375","display_name":"Khalifa University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05hffr360","country_code":"AE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I176601375"]}],"countries":["AE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kais Belwafi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Center for Cyber-Physical Systems (C2PS), Khalifa University, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1455-439X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center for Cyber-Physical Systems (C2PS), Khalifa University, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I176601375"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":1.1379,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":6,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.78980319,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"11","issue":null,"first_page":"60335","last_page":"60348"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11504","display_name":"Advanced Authentication Protocols Security","score":0.9973999857902527,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11504","display_name":"Advanced Authentication Protocols Security","score":0.9973999857902527,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10951","display_name":"Cryptographic Implementations and Security","score":0.995199978351593,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12122","display_name":"Physical Unclonable Functions (PUFs) and Hardware Security","score":0.9944999814033508,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1708","display_name":"Hardware and Architecture"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7323967218399048},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.554409921169281},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/protocol","display_name":"Protocol (science)","score":0.5452282428741455},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/chip","display_name":"Chip","score":0.48856911063194275},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cryptographic-protocol","display_name":"Cryptographic protocol","score":0.4835526645183563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/interconnection","display_name":"Interconnection","score":0.48069697618484497},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/embedded-system","display_name":"Embedded system","score":0.46908822655677795},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hardware-security-module","display_name":"Hardware security module","score":0.46729400753974915},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/state","display_name":"State (computer science)","score":0.43845105171203613},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/system-on-a-chip","display_name":"System on a chip","score":0.41069257259368896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cryptography","display_name":"Cryptography","score":0.355741024017334},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.3435685932636261},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.09396496415138245}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7323967218399048},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.554409921169281},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780385302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q367158","display_name":"Protocol (science)","level":3,"score":0.5452282428741455},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165005293","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1074500","display_name":"Chip","level":2,"score":0.48856911063194275},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33884865","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1254335","display_name":"Cryptographic protocol","level":3,"score":0.4835526645183563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C123745756","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1665949","display_name":"Interconnection","level":2,"score":0.48069697618484497},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149635348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193040","display_name":"Embedded system","level":1,"score":0.46908822655677795},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39217717","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1432354","display_name":"Hardware security module","level":3,"score":0.46729400753974915},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48103436","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q599031","display_name":"State (computer science)","level":2,"score":0.43845105171203613},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118021083","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q610398","display_name":"System on a chip","level":2,"score":0.41069257259368896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178489894","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8789","display_name":"Cryptography","level":2,"score":0.355741024017334},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.3435685932636261},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.09396496415138245},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204787440","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188504","display_name":"Alternative medicine","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142724271","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7208","display_name":"Pathology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2023.3285630","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2023.3285630","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/10005208/10149352.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:974f9fb2f64f450fb8d07ba267322ef8","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/974f9fb2f64f450fb8d07ba267322ef8","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 11, Pp 60335-60348 (2023)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2023.3285630","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2023.3285630","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/10005208/10149352.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8498174960","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"8434000388","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322334","funder_display_name":"Khalifa University of Science, Technology and Research"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322334","display_name":"Khalifa University of Science, Technology and Research","ror":"https://ror.org/05hffr360"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4380480534.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4380480534.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":37,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1498573661","https://openalex.org/W2029693536","https://openalex.org/W2047925852","https://openalex.org/W2072309970","https://openalex.org/W2131789459","https://openalex.org/W2132544882","https://openalex.org/W2162325770","https://openalex.org/W2166327763","https://openalex.org/W2302640900","https://openalex.org/W2403704039","https://openalex.org/W2766472919","https://openalex.org/W2772594442","https://openalex.org/W2883942505","https://openalex.org/W2921199695","https://openalex.org/W2974672782","https://openalex.org/W3092265592","https://openalex.org/W3108402236","https://openalex.org/W3120112534","https://openalex.org/W3136449072","https://openalex.org/W3169126164","https://openalex.org/W3191253460","https://openalex.org/W3213007536","https://openalex.org/W4200111040","https://openalex.org/W4200411921","https://openalex.org/W4200571688","https://openalex.org/W4226070699","https://openalex.org/W4226398874","https://openalex.org/W4280574916","https://openalex.org/W4285205927","https://openalex.org/W4292265465","https://openalex.org/W4296338017","https://openalex.org/W4296992116","https://openalex.org/W4312646271","https://openalex.org/W4387831783","https://openalex.org/W6698368117","https://openalex.org/W6713513042","https://openalex.org/W6810784895"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2289378658","https://openalex.org/W1531360494","https://openalex.org/W2093529019","https://openalex.org/W87530933","https://openalex.org/W154233216","https://openalex.org/W2102905434","https://openalex.org/W2626486901","https://openalex.org/W1988007309","https://openalex.org/W1497257050","https://openalex.org/W4317795068"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,20,100],"semiconductor":[1],"supply":[2],"chain":[3],"is":[4],"vulnerable":[5],"to":[6,45,77],"multiple":[7],"security":[8,35,62],"attacks,":[9],"such":[10],"as":[11,117],"hardware":[12],"Trojan":[13],"injection,":[14],"intellectual":[15],"property":[16],"theft,":[17],"and":[18,73,91,113],"overproduction.":[19],"notion":[21],"of":[22,109],"zero-trust":[23],"(ZT)\u2013":[24],"never":[25],"trust,":[26],"always":[27],"verify\u2013":[28],"offers":[29],"a":[30,118],"promising":[31],"opportunity":[32],"for":[33,88,120],"chip":[34,59],"by":[36],"authenticating":[37],"integrated":[38],"circuits":[39],"(ICs)":[40],"when":[41],"they":[42],"are":[43],"connected":[44],"critical":[46],"computing":[47],"systems.":[48],"Before":[49],"exchanging":[50],"any":[51],"data,":[52],"the":[53,58,70,104,107,110],"system":[54],"establishes":[55],"trust":[56],"with":[57],"using":[60,69,95],"industry":[61],"protocols.":[63],"In":[64],"this":[65,89],"paper,":[66],"we":[67,84],"propose":[68],"secure":[71,121],"protocol":[72],"data":[74],"model":[75],"(SPDM)":[76],"establish":[78],"chip-to-chip":[79],"(C2C)-":[80],"ZT":[81,111],"communications.":[82],"Furthermore,":[83],"present":[85],"formal":[86,97],"models":[87,94],"solution":[90],"verify":[92],"these":[93],"state-of-the-art":[96],"verification":[98],"tools.":[99],"results":[101],"show":[102],"that":[103],"SPDM":[105],"meets":[106],"requirements":[108],"architecture":[112],"can":[114],"be":[115],"used":[116],"foundation":[119],"C2C":[122],"interconnection.":[123]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}