{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4380359216","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2023.3285246","title":"A GNN Architecture With Local and Global-Attention Feature for Image Classification","display_name":"A GNN Architecture With Local and Global-Attention Feature for Image Classification","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4380359216","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2023.3285246"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2023.3285246","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2023.3285246","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/10148955.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/10148955.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5007460506","display_name":"Zhengshun Fei","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8111-690X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I168879160","display_name":"Zhejiang University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05mx0wr29","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I168879160"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Zhengshun Fei","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Automation and Electrical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Science and Technology, Hangzhou, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8111-690X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Automation and Electrical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Science and Technology, Hangzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I168879160"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100445468","display_name":"Junhao Guo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7907-0260"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I168879160","display_name":"Zhejiang University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05mx0wr29","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I168879160"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Junhao Guo","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Automation and Electrical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Science and Technology, Hangzhou, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7907-0260","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Automation and Electrical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Science and Technology, Hangzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I168879160"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101766348","display_name":"Haibo Gong","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0009-0830-765X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I168879160","display_name":"Zhejiang University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05mx0wr29","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I168879160"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Haibo Gong","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Automation and Electrical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Science and Technology, Hangzhou, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Automation and Electrical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Science and Technology, Hangzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I168879160"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5016712535","display_name":"Lubin Ye","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8116-7483"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210125098","display_name":"Hangzhou Vocational and Technical College","ror":"https://ror.org/03jjm4b17","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210125098"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lubin Ye","raw_affiliation_strings":["Hangzhou Vocational and Technical College, Information Engineering Institute, Hangzhou, China","Information Engineering Institute, Hangzhou Vocational and Technical College, Hangzhou, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Hangzhou Vocational and Technical College, Information Engineering Institute, Hangzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210125098"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Information Engineering Institute, Hangzhou Vocational and Technical College, Hangzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210125098"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5092146521","display_name":"Eric Attahi","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I168879160","display_name":"Zhejiang University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05mx0wr29","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I168879160"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Eric Attahi","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Automation and Electrical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Science and Technology, Hangzhou, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Automation and Electrical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Science and Technology, Hangzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I168879160"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5051861692","display_name":"Bingqiang Huang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0551-7263"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I168879160","display_name":"Zhejiang University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05mx0wr29","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I168879160"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bingqiang Huang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Automation and Electrical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Science and Technology, Hangzhou, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0551-7263","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Automation and Electrical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Science and Technology, Hangzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I168879160"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5007460506"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I168879160"],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":1.1873,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":10,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.78865979,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"11","issue":null,"first_page":"110221","last_page":"110233"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12702","display_name":"Brain Tumor Detection and Classification","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2808","display_name":"Neurology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12702","display_name":"Brain Tumor Detection and Classification","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2808","display_name":"Neurology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10036","display_name":"Advanced Neural Network Applications","score":0.9980999827384949,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12676","display_name":"Machine Learning and ELM","score":0.9966999888420105,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8098905086517334},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pooling","display_name":"Pooling","score":0.6758389472961426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/convolutional-neural-network","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","score":0.653760552406311},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","score":0.6292846202850342},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.6109910011291504},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.6007015705108643},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature-extraction","display_name":"Feature extraction","score":0.5917483568191528},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/graph","display_name":"Graph","score":0.5259690284729004},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/contextual-image-classification","display_name":"Contextual image classification","score":0.4466109275817871},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/block","display_name":"Block (permutation group theory)","score":0.43174469470977783},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining","display_name":"Data mining","score":0.3442365527153015},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","score":0.24272817373275757},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/theoretical-computer-science","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","score":0.1710323989391327},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.09734493494033813}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8098905086517334},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C70437156","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7228652","display_name":"Pooling","level":2,"score":0.6758389472961426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81363708","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17084460","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","level":2,"score":0.653760552406311},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776401178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12050496","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.6292846202850342},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.6109910011291504},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6007015705108643},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52622490","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1026626","display_name":"Feature extraction","level":2,"score":0.5917483568191528},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C132525143","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141488","display_name":"Graph","level":2,"score":0.5259690284729004},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C75294576","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5165192","display_name":"Contextual image classification","level":3,"score":0.4466109275817871},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777210771","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4927124","display_name":"Block (permutation group theory)","level":2,"score":0.43174469470977783},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.3442365527153015},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.24272817373275757},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80444323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2878974","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","level":1,"score":0.1710323989391327},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.09734493494033813},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2023.3285246","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2023.3285246","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/10148955.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:dbf3ba4f16fd44168d237e5ed41da539","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/dbf3ba4f16fd44168d237e5ed41da539","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 11, Pp 110221-110233 (2023)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2023.3285246","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2023.3285246","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/10148955.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Zero hunger","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/2","score":0.6200000047683716}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1940832879","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"LQ15F030006","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320338464","funder_display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Zhejiang Province"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4113169468","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2018C01085","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F8142712028","funder_display_name":"Key Research and Development Program of Zhejiang Province"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8737172541","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2021yjskc04","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322951","funder_display_name":"Zhejiang University of Science and Technology"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322927","display_name":"Zhejiang University","ror":"https://ror.org/00a2xv884"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322951","display_name":"Zhejiang University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/03893we55"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320325436","display_name":"Department of Education of Zhejiang Province","ror":"https://ror.org/05gj07w56"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320338464","display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Zhejiang Province","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F8142712028","display_name":"Key Research and Development Program of Zhejiang Province","ror":null}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4380359216.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4380359216.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":62,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W639708223","https://openalex.org/W1522301498","https://openalex.org/W1576445103","https://openalex.org/W1686810756","https://openalex.org/W1959608418","https://openalex.org/W2095705004","https://openalex.org/W2097117768","https://openalex.org/W2102605133","https://openalex.org/W2108598243","https://openalex.org/W2112796928","https://openalex.org/W2118246710","https://openalex.org/W2154851992","https://openalex.org/W2155904486","https://openalex.org/W2168894214","https://openalex.org/W2194775991","https://openalex.org/W2285962874","https://openalex.org/W2549139847","https://openalex.org/W2558460151","https://openalex.org/W2607500032","https://openalex.org/W2618530766","https://openalex.org/W2768308213","https://openalex.org/W2768477045","https://openalex.org/W2806070179","https://openalex.org/W2922509574","https://openalex.org/W2928165649","https://openalex.org/W2939208918","https://openalex.org/W2955425717","https://openalex.org/W2962756421","https://openalex.org/W2962837172","https://openalex.org/W2963377935","https://openalex.org/W2963402313","https://openalex.org/W2963446712","https://openalex.org/W2964137095","https://openalex.org/W2964304707","https://openalex.org/W2964321699","https://openalex.org/W2964350391","https://openalex.org/W2986466936","https://openalex.org/W2996290406","https://openalex.org/W3016719260","https://openalex.org/W3017668345","https://openalex.org/W3023058341","https://openalex.org/W3031923721","https://openalex.org/W3034552520","https://openalex.org/W3042011474","https://openalex.org/W3104097132","https://openalex.org/W3109591148","https://openalex.org/W3118608800","https://openalex.org/W3130871950","https://openalex.org/W4297733535","https://openalex.org/W6631190155","https://openalex.org/W6634343353","https://openalex.org/W6637373629","https://openalex.org/W6640963894","https://openalex.org/W6674330103","https://openalex.org/W6684665197","https://openalex.org/W6720006811","https://openalex.org/W6745537798","https://openalex.org/W6761665040","https://openalex.org/W6762718338","https://openalex.org/W6765393722","https://openalex.org/W6770102389","https://openalex.org/W6787972765"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4401096132","https://openalex.org/W2911497689","https://openalex.org/W2748667022","https://openalex.org/W2952813363","https://openalex.org/W3211770882","https://openalex.org/W2963346891","https://openalex.org/W4360783045","https://openalex.org/W2770149305","https://openalex.org/W2010629964","https://openalex.org/W2983135586"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Convolutional":[0],"neural":[1,61,83,117],"network":[2,62,84,118],"(CNN)":[3],"is":[4,57,86,108,120,131,197,243,250],"quite":[5],"popular":[6,49],"in":[7,11,39,44,88,185,230,257],"computer":[8],"vision,":[9],"especially":[10],"image":[12],"classification":[13],"with":[14],"excellent":[15],"performance.":[16],"However,":[17],"limited":[18],"by":[19,136,153,252],"the":[20,32,40,45,70,137,150,174,188,210,228,236,247],"convolution":[21],"kernels,":[22],"CNN-based":[23],"classifiers":[24],"are":[25,42,94,262],"hard":[26],"to":[27,51,58,97,110,122,162,165,183,208,246],"extract":[28],"global":[29,46,53,67,124,134,139],"feature":[30,54,93,113,127,135,241],"from":[31,133,254],"original":[33],"image,":[34],"while":[35],"exact":[36],"object":[37],"locations":[38],"environment":[41],"included":[43],"feature.":[47,125,171],"One":[48],"way":[50],"improve":[52],"extraction":[55],"performance":[56],"use":[59],"graph":[60,82,115,152],"(GNN)":[63],"which":[64,89,148,258],"can":[65,177,191],"aggregate":[66],"information":[68],"through":[69],"connection":[71],"relationship":[72],"of":[73],"different":[74,160],"nodes.":[75],"In":[76,102,172],"this":[77,103],"work,":[78],"a":[79,105,167],"novel":[80],"end-to-end":[81],"architecture":[85,176],"proposed,":[87],"local":[90,112],"and":[91,114,157,187,206,225,260],"global-attention":[92,170],"used":[95,121],"simultaneously":[96],"achieve":[98,222],"more":[99,168,244],"accurate":[100],"predictions.":[101],"architecture,":[104],"CNN":[106],"block":[107],"designed":[109],"learn":[111,123],"convolutional":[116],"(GCN)":[119],"Global-attention":[126,240],"for":[128],"final":[129,248],"prediction":[130,249],"down-sampled":[132],"proposed":[138,175,220],"multi-head":[140],"self-attention":[141,146],"pooling":[142],"(GMSAPool)":[143],"based":[144],"on":[145,199,227,266],"mechanism,":[147],"reconstructs":[149],"input":[151],"introducing":[154],"virtual":[155],"node":[156,164],"automatically":[158],"assigns":[159],"weights":[161],"each":[163],"obtain":[166],"representative":[169],"addition,":[173],"be":[178,193],"trained":[179],"without":[180],"converting":[181],"images":[182],"graphs":[184],"advance,":[186],"computational":[189],"burden":[190],"also":[192],"reduced.":[194],"This":[195],"approach":[196],"demonstrated":[198],"three":[200,231],"open":[201],"datasets":[202,232],"(Agricultural":[203],"Disease,":[204],"Caltech256":[205],"CIFAR-100)":[207],"validate":[209],"effectiveness.":[211],"The":[212,219],"determined":[213],"experimental":[214],"results":[215],"showed":[216],"that:":[217],"(1)":[218],"model":[221],"84.46%,":[223],"77.80%,":[224],"83.33%":[226],"Macro-F1":[229,261],"respectively,":[233],"improving":[234],"over":[235],"best":[237],"baselines;":[238],"(2)":[239],"that":[242],"conducive":[245],"extracted":[251],"GMSAPool":[253],"numerous":[255],"nodes,":[256],"Macro-P,Macro-R":[259],"respectively":[263],"improved":[264],"3.655%,1.12%,2.715%":[265],"average.":[267]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-05-06T08:25:59.206177","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
