{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4379470788","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2023.3282781","title":"EC-Crypto: Highly Efficient Area-Delay Optimized Elliptic Curve Cryptography Processor","display_name":"EC-Crypto: Highly Efficient Area-Delay Optimized Elliptic Curve Cryptography Processor","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4379470788","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2023.3282781"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2023.3282781","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2023.3282781","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/10005208/10143541.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/10005208/10143541.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5018296502","display_name":"Khalid Javeed","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4645-4043"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I29891158","display_name":"University of Sharjah","ror":"https://ror.org/00engpz63","country_code":"AE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I29891158"]}],"countries":["AE"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Khalid Javeed","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Engineering, College of Computing and Informatics, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Engineering, College of Computing and Informatics, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I29891158"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5087689650","display_name":"Ali A. El\u2010Moursy","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3660-6544"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I29891158","display_name":"University of Sharjah","ror":"https://ror.org/00engpz63","country_code":"AE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I29891158"]}],"countries":["AE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ali El-Moursy","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Engineering, College of Computing and Informatics, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Engineering, College of Computing and Informatics, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I29891158"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5003800161","display_name":"David Gregg","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3782-4612"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I205274468","display_name":"Trinity College Dublin","ror":"https://ror.org/02tyrky19","country_code":"IE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205274468"]}],"countries":["IE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"David Gregg","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science, Trinity College Dublin, University of Dublin, Dublin, Ireland"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science, Trinity College Dublin, University of Dublin, Dublin, Ireland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I205274468"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5018296502"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I29891158"],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":17.4378,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":38,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99202829,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":98,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"11","issue":null,"first_page":"56649","last_page":"56662"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11693","display_name":"Cryptography and Residue Arithmetic","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11693","display_name":"Cryptography and Residue Arithmetic","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11130","display_name":"Coding theory and cryptography","score":0.9929999709129333,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10237","display_name":"Cryptography and Data Security","score":0.9911999702453613,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7497140169143677},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/elliptic-curve-cryptography","display_name":"Elliptic curve cryptography","score":0.7216428518295288},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/field-programmable-gate-array","display_name":"Field-programmable gate array","score":0.626031756401062},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scalar-multiplication","display_name":"Scalar multiplication","score":0.6017791032791138},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/public-key-cryptography","display_name":"Public-key cryptography","score":0.5344393253326416},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cryptography","display_name":"Cryptography","score":0.5262621641159058},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/virtex","display_name":"Virtex","score":0.5170031785964966},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/verilog","display_name":"Verilog","score":0.4959317147731781},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/finite-field","display_name":"Finite field","score":0.48497676849365234},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/arithmetic","display_name":"Arithmetic","score":0.48279011249542236},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/parallel-computing","display_name":"Parallel computing","score":0.4748675525188446},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/embedded-system","display_name":"Embedded system","score":0.44584643840789795},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/finite-field-arithmetic","display_name":"Finite field arithmetic","score":0.4293772578239441},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/adder","display_name":"Adder","score":0.41596442461013794},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-hardware","display_name":"Computer hardware","score":0.3696390390396118},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/elliptic-curve","display_name":"Elliptic curve","score":0.36329519748687744},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.35864609479904175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/latency","display_name":"Latency (audio)","score":0.3584796190261841},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/encryption","display_name":"Encryption","score":0.22084125876426697},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.2162841558456421},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/discrete-mathematics","display_name":"Discrete mathematics","score":0.15641924738883972},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operating-system","display_name":"Operating system","score":0.1516455113887787}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7497140169143677},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C167615521","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1048911","display_name":"Elliptic curve cryptography","level":4,"score":0.7216428518295288},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42935608","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190411","display_name":"Field-programmable gate array","level":2,"score":0.626031756401062},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C171182647","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126736","display_name":"Scalar multiplication","level":3,"score":0.6017791032791138},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203062551","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q201339","display_name":"Public-key cryptography","level":3,"score":0.5344393253326416},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178489894","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8789","display_name":"Cryptography","level":2,"score":0.5262621641159058},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777674469","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q20741011","display_name":"Virtex","level":3,"score":0.5170031785964966},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779030575","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q827773","display_name":"Verilog","level":3,"score":0.4959317147731781},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77926391","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q603880","display_name":"Finite field","level":2,"score":0.48497676849365234},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94375191","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11205","display_name":"Arithmetic","level":1,"score":0.48279011249542236},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173608175","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q232661","display_name":"Parallel computing","level":1,"score":0.4748675525188446},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149635348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193040","display_name":"Embedded system","level":1,"score":0.44584643840789795},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C189178079","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5450398","display_name":"Finite field arithmetic","level":3,"score":0.4293772578239441},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C164620267","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q376953","display_name":"Adder","level":3,"score":0.41596442461013794},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9390403","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3966","display_name":"Computer hardware","level":1,"score":0.3696390390396118},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C179603306","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q268493","display_name":"Elliptic curve","level":2,"score":0.36329519748687744},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.35864609479904175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C82876162","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17096504","display_name":"Latency (audio)","level":2,"score":0.3584796190261841},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148730421","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141090","display_name":"Encryption","level":2,"score":0.22084125876426697},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.2162841558456421},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118615104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q121416","display_name":"Discrete mathematics","level":1,"score":0.15641924738883972},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.1516455113887787},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2023.3282781","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2023.3282781","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/10005208/10143541.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:ee06ac50f3c5483a8777287642d97b38","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/ee06ac50f3c5483a8777287642d97b38","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 11, Pp 56649-56662 (2023)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2023.3282781","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2023.3282781","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/10005208/10143541.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/8","display_name":"Decent work and economic growth","score":0.5400000214576721}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320316805","display_name":"University of Sharjah","ror":"https://ror.org/00engpz63"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320847","display_name":"Science Foundation Ireland","ror":"https://ror.org/0271asj38"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4379470788.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4379470788.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":51,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1523814493","https://openalex.org/W1592482282","https://openalex.org/W1613874182","https://openalex.org/W1754939103","https://openalex.org/W1880212920","https://openalex.org/W1964311183","https://openalex.org/W1968495921","https://openalex.org/W1972442530","https://openalex.org/W2003736153","https://openalex.org/W2004814164","https://openalex.org/W2026445983","https://openalex.org/W2052736269","https://openalex.org/W2063884927","https://openalex.org/W2080546540","https://openalex.org/W2096133993","https://openalex.org/W2134258244","https://openalex.org/W2176190288","https://openalex.org/W2243070902","https://openalex.org/W2419463120","https://openalex.org/W2430735257","https://openalex.org/W2496825637","https://openalex.org/W2515677778","https://openalex.org/W2553779457","https://openalex.org/W2559812431","https://openalex.org/W2560618890","https://openalex.org/W2586510075","https://openalex.org/W2594174595","https://openalex.org/W2608655213","https://openalex.org/W2763130919","https://openalex.org/W2767028443","https://openalex.org/W2808727944","https://openalex.org/W2809495367","https://openalex.org/W2885098807","https://openalex.org/W2901757354","https://openalex.org/W2909977665","https://openalex.org/W2996409367","https://openalex.org/W3009403871","https://openalex.org/W3016585670","https://openalex.org/W3084088002","https://openalex.org/W3129411536","https://openalex.org/W3174403583","https://openalex.org/W3216468923","https://openalex.org/W4206634080","https://openalex.org/W4211190291","https://openalex.org/W4232836212","https://openalex.org/W4245047333","https://openalex.org/W4285731820","https://openalex.org/W4361005645","https://openalex.org/W6717203978","https://openalex.org/W6732777769","https://openalex.org/W6745617275"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2946358183","https://openalex.org/W2070976279","https://openalex.org/W3203056599","https://openalex.org/W2343736460","https://openalex.org/W1993936776","https://openalex.org/W3000187300","https://openalex.org/W2351744923","https://openalex.org/W3201415091","https://openalex.org/W118355721","https://openalex.org/W125524102"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Elliptic":[0],"Curve":[1],"Cryptography":[2],"(ECC)":[3],"based":[4],"security":[5],"protocols":[6],"require":[7],"much":[8],"shorter":[9],"key":[10,28],"space":[11],"which":[12,96],"makes":[13],"ECC":[14,40,164],"the":[15,25,44,77,115,152,162,198,243,257],"most":[16],"suitable":[17],"option":[18],"for":[19,168],"resource-limited":[20],"devices":[21],"as":[22],"compared":[23],"to":[24,75,99,121,141,159,259],"other":[26],"public":[27],"cryptography":[29],"(PKC)":[30],"schemes.":[31],"This":[32],"paper":[33],"presents":[34],"a":[35,61,90,106,125,204,224,238,247],"highly":[36,239],"efficient":[37,138,240],"area-delay":[38,249],"optimized":[39,167],"crypto":[41,131],"processor":[42,165],"over":[43],"general":[45],"prime":[46],"field":[47,65,92,145,155],"(":[48],"<inline-formula":[49,211],"xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"":[50,212],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">":[51,213],"<tex-math":[52,214],"notation=\"LaTeX\">$\\mathbb":[53],"{F}_{p}$":[54],"</tex-math></inline-formula>":[55,216],").":[56],"It":[57,174],"is":[58,87,97,166,175,237],"structured":[59],"on":[60,151,182],"new":[62],"novel":[63],"finite":[64,91,144,154],"multiplier":[66],"(FFM)":[67],"where":[68,265],"several":[69],"optimization":[70],"techniques":[71],"have":[72],"been":[73],"incorporated":[74],"shorten":[76],"latency":[78,150,267],"and":[79,172,180,185,192,222,251,268],"hardware":[80,169],"resource":[81,269],"consumption.":[82],"The":[83,109,133,231],"proposed":[84,163],"FFM":[85],"architecture":[86],"embedded":[88],"with":[89,114,148],"adder/subtractor":[93],"(FFAS)":[94],"unit":[95],"utilized":[98],"perform":[100],"FFAS":[101],"operations":[102,228],"instead":[103],"of":[104,226],"deploying":[105],"dedicated":[107],"unit.":[108],"Common":[110],"Z":[111],"(Co-Z)":[112],"coordinates":[113],"Montgomery":[116],"ladder":[117],"method":[118],"are":[119,271],"used":[120],"compute":[122],"point":[123],"multiplication,":[124],"core":[126],"operation":[127],"in":[128,177,210,262],"all":[129],"ECC-based":[130],"protocols.":[132],"work":[134],"also":[135],"proposes":[136],"an":[137],"scheduling":[139],"strategy":[140],"execute":[142],"low-level":[143],"arithmetic":[146,156],"primitives":[147],"minimum":[149],"employed":[153],"units.":[157],"Due":[158],"these":[160],"techniques,":[161],"resources,":[170],"latency,":[171],"throughput.":[173],"captured":[176],"Verilog-HDL,":[178],"synthesized,":[179],"implemented":[181],"Virtex-7,":[183],"Kintex-7,":[184],"Virtex-6":[186],"FPGA":[187,200],"platforms":[188],"using":[189],"Xilinx":[190],"Vivado":[191],"ISE":[193],"Design":[194],"Suite":[195],"tools.":[196],"On":[197],"Virtex-7":[199],"platform,":[201],"it":[202,236,255],"computes":[203],"single":[205],"256-bit":[206],"scalar":[207],"multiplication":[208],"primitive":[209],"notation=\"LaTeX\">$0.7~m\\text{s}$":[215],",":[217],"consumes":[218],"just":[219],"6.2K":[220],"slices,":[221],"delivers":[223],"throughput":[225],"1428":[227],"per":[229],"second.":[230],"implementation":[232],"results":[233],"show":[234],"that":[235],"design":[241],"outperforming":[242],"state-of-the-art":[244],"by":[245],"providing":[246],"better":[248],"product":[250],"higher":[252],"efficiency.":[253],"Therefore,":[254],"has":[256],"potential":[258],"be":[260],"deployed":[261],"many":[263],"applications":[264],"both":[266],"requirements":[270],"critical.":[272]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":20},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":7}],"updated_date":"2026-02-25T08:12:03.925757","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
