{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4378976169","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2023.3281845","title":"GFNER: A Unified Global Feature-Aware Framework for Flat and Nested Named Entity Recognition","display_name":"GFNER: A Unified Global Feature-Aware Framework for Flat and Nested Named Entity Recognition","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4378976169","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2023.3281845"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2023.3281845","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2023.3281845","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/10005208/10141588.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/10005208/10141588.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101464065","display_name":"Jiayin Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0452-2618"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I20231570","display_name":"Peking University","ror":"https://ror.org/02v51f717","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I20231570"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jiayin Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Advanced Institution of Information Technology, Peking University, Hangzhou, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0452-2618","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Advanced Institution of Information Technology, Peking University, Hangzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I20231570"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5092063564","display_name":"Xi Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1381-7637"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I20231570","display_name":"Peking University","ror":"https://ror.org/02v51f717","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I20231570"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xi Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Advanced Institution of Information Technology, Peking University, Hangzhou, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1381-7637","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Advanced Institution of Information Technology, Peking University, Hangzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I20231570"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101850182","display_name":"Shuai Pan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8195-7087"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I20231570","display_name":"Peking University","ror":"https://ror.org/02v51f717","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I20231570"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shuai Pan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Advanced Institution of Information Technology, Peking University, Hangzhou, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Advanced Institution of Information Technology, Peking University, Hangzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I20231570"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101555891","display_name":"Wei Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0001-5847-663X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I20231570","display_name":"Peking University","ror":"https://ror.org/02v51f717","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I20231570"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wei Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Advanced Institution of Information Technology, Peking University, Hangzhou, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Advanced Institution of Information Technology, Peking University, Hangzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I20231570"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I20231570"],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":0.4759,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":3,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.67586249,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"11","issue":null,"first_page":"55139","last_page":"55148"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10028","display_name":"Topic Modeling","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10028","display_name":"Topic Modeling","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10181","display_name":"Natural Language Processing Techniques","score":0.9957000017166138,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11719","display_name":"Data Quality and Management","score":0.9861000180244446,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1803","display_name":"Management Science and Operations Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8409996628761292},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/named-entity-recognition","display_name":"Named-entity recognition","score":0.758853018283844},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/entity-linking","display_name":"Entity linking","score":0.6348732113838196},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","score":0.6169078946113586},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/table","display_name":"Table (database)","score":0.5111058354377747},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/focus","display_name":"Focus (optics)","score":0.49298474192619324},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature-extraction","display_name":"Feature extraction","score":0.4773552417755127},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.44632360339164734},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/information-retrieval","display_name":"Information retrieval","score":0.4432939887046814},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/source-code","display_name":"Source code","score":0.43796810507774353},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/boundary","display_name":"Boundary (topology)","score":0.43608373403549194},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/code","display_name":"Code (set theory)","score":0.4175460934638977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/natural-language-processing","display_name":"Natural language processing","score":0.3676806092262268},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining","display_name":"Data mining","score":0.36024177074432373},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.34468960762023926},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/programming-language","display_name":"Programming language","score":0.16400247812271118},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/knowledge-base","display_name":"Knowledge base","score":0.11394467949867249},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/task","display_name":"Task (project management)","score":0.0882805585861206}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8409996628761292},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779135771","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q403574","display_name":"Named-entity recognition","level":3,"score":0.758853018283844},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C96711827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17012245","display_name":"Entity linking","level":3,"score":0.6348732113838196},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776401178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12050496","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.6169078946113586},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45235069","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q278425","display_name":"Table (database)","level":2,"score":0.5111058354377747},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192209626","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190909","display_name":"Focus (optics)","level":2,"score":0.49298474192619324},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52622490","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1026626","display_name":"Feature extraction","level":2,"score":0.4773552417755127},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.44632360339164734},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C23123220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q816826","display_name":"Information retrieval","level":1,"score":0.4432939887046814},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43126263","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q128751","display_name":"Source code","level":2,"score":0.43796810507774353},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62354387","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q875399","display_name":"Boundary (topology)","level":2,"score":0.43608373403549194},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776760102","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5139990","display_name":"Code (set theory)","level":3,"score":0.4175460934638977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204321447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30642","display_name":"Natural language processing","level":1,"score":0.3676806092262268},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.36024177074432373},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.34468960762023926},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.16400247812271118},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C4554734","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q593744","display_name":"Knowledge base","level":2,"score":0.11394467949867249},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780451532","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q759676","display_name":"Task (project management)","level":2,"score":0.0882805585861206},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177264268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187736073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2920921","display_name":"Management","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2023.3281845","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2023.3281845","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/10005208/10141588.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:6b96eceb90a64e2f9386689f03a56cfc","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/6b96eceb90a64e2f9386689f03a56cfc","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 11, Pp 55139-55148 (2023)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2023.3281845","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2023.3281845","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/10005208/10141588.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4378976169.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4378976169.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":42,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W173870552","https://openalex.org/W2047477415","https://openalex.org/W2107598941","https://openalex.org/W2134033474","https://openalex.org/W2141099517","https://openalex.org/W2144578941","https://openalex.org/W2163107094","https://openalex.org/W2250709962","https://openalex.org/W2760600531","https://openalex.org/W2798778171","https://openalex.org/W2803609931","https://openalex.org/W2804221886","https://openalex.org/W2808142148","https://openalex.org/W2891602716","https://openalex.org/W2911489562","https://openalex.org/W2949212908","https://openalex.org/W2950281195","https://openalex.org/W2962902328","https://openalex.org/W2963568202","https://openalex.org/W2963625095","https://openalex.org/W2963682631","https://openalex.org/W2964349647","https://openalex.org/W2971019153","https://openalex.org/W2997876626","https://openalex.org/W3034744126","https://openalex.org/W3035375600","https://openalex.org/W3035543689","https://openalex.org/W3035625205","https://openalex.org/W3035642486","https://openalex.org/W3101188882","https://openalex.org/W3173892794","https://openalex.org/W3176680950","https://openalex.org/W3199047918","https://openalex.org/W3207397751","https://openalex.org/W4224988036","https://openalex.org/W4285295138","https://openalex.org/W6640362995","https://openalex.org/W6739901393","https://openalex.org/W6755207826","https://openalex.org/W6758737940","https://openalex.org/W6766673545","https://openalex.org/W6781049228"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2186562580","https://openalex.org/W3198729192","https://openalex.org/W4255258373","https://openalex.org/W2593907245","https://openalex.org/W3000685722","https://openalex.org/W2520117834","https://openalex.org/W626980589","https://openalex.org/W4313162113","https://openalex.org/W1884363728","https://openalex.org/W3133906981"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Named":[0],"Entity":[1],"Recognition":[2],"(NER)":[3],"poses":[4],"challenges":[5],"for":[6,65,108],"both":[7,35],"flat":[8,94],"and":[9,86,95],"nested":[10,96],"tasks,":[11],"which":[12],"require":[13],"different":[14],"paradigms.":[15],"To":[16,70],"overcome":[17],"this":[18,72],"issue,":[19],"we":[20,74],"present":[21],"GFNER,":[22],"a":[23,76],"unified":[24],"global":[25,60,77],"feature-aware":[26],"framework":[27],"based":[28],"on":[29,55,93],"table":[30],"filling,":[31],"that":[32,62,81,100],"can":[33],"handle":[34],"types":[36],"of":[37],"tasks":[38],"with":[39],"low":[40],"computational":[41],"cost.":[42],"While":[43],"pretrained":[44],"models":[45],"have":[46],"shown":[47],"great":[48],"promise":[49],"in":[50],"NER,":[51],"they":[52],"typically":[53],"focus":[54],"local":[56],"contextual":[57],"information,":[58],"disregarding":[59],"relationships":[61],"are":[63],"crucial":[64],"accurate":[66],"entity":[67,89],"boundary":[68],"extraction.":[69],"address":[71],"limitation,":[73],"introduce":[75],"feature":[78],"learning":[79],"module":[80],"captures":[82],"the":[83],"inter-entity":[84],"associations":[85],"significantly":[87],"enhances":[88],"recognition.":[90],"Experimental":[91],"results":[92],"NER":[97],"datasets":[98],"demonstrate":[99],"GFNER":[101,109],"outperforms":[102],"previous":[103],"state-of-the-art":[104],"models.":[105],"The":[106],"code":[107],"is":[110],"available":[111],"at":[112],"<uri":[113],"xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"":[114],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">https://github.com/cjymz886/GFNER</uri>":[115],".":[116]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}