{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4380143024","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2023.3281480","title":"eBPF: A New Approach to Cloud-Native Observability, Networking and Security for Current (5G) and Future Mobile Networks (6G and Beyond)","display_name":"eBPF: A New Approach to Cloud-Native Observability, Networking and Security for Current (5G) and Future Mobile Networks (6G and Beyond)","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4380143024","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2023.3281480"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2023.3281480","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2023.3281480","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/10005208/10138542.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/10005208/10138542.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5064472958","display_name":"David Soldani","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9677-5545"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1301041018","display_name":"Rakuten (Japan)","ror":"https://ror.org/0098kke80","country_code":"JP","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1301041018"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"David Soldani","raw_affiliation_strings":["Rakuten Mobile Inc, Tokyo, Setagaya-ku, Japan"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Rakuten Mobile Inc, Tokyo, Setagaya-ku, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1301041018"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5092131035","display_name":"Petrit Nahi","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1301041018","display_name":"Rakuten (Japan)","ror":"https://ror.org/0098kke80","country_code":"JP","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1301041018"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Petrit Nahi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Rakuten Mobile Inc, Tokyo, Setagaya-ku, Japan"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Rakuten Mobile Inc, Tokyo, Setagaya-ku, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1301041018"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5092131036","display_name":"Hami Bour","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1301041018","display_name":"Rakuten (Japan)","ror":"https://ror.org/0098kke80","country_code":"JP","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1301041018"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hami Bour","raw_affiliation_strings":["Rakuten Mobile Inc, Tokyo, Setagaya-ku, Japan"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Rakuten Mobile Inc, Tokyo, Setagaya-ku, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1301041018"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5017861188","display_name":"Saber Jafarizadeh","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1015-0101"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1301041018","display_name":"Rakuten (Japan)","ror":"https://ror.org/0098kke80","country_code":"JP","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1301041018"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Saber Jafarizadeh","raw_affiliation_strings":["Rakuten Mobile Inc, Tokyo, Setagaya-ku, Japan"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Rakuten Mobile Inc, Tokyo, Setagaya-ku, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1301041018"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5097740254","display_name":"Mohammed F. Soliman","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1301041018","display_name":"Rakuten (Japan)","ror":"https://ror.org/0098kke80","country_code":"JP","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1301041018"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mohammed F. Soliman","raw_affiliation_strings":["Rakuten Mobile Inc, Tokyo, Setagaya-ku, Japan"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Rakuten Mobile Inc, Tokyo, Setagaya-ku, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1301041018"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5006187544","display_name":"Leonardo Di Giovanna","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I177477856","display_name":"Polytechnic University of Turin","ror":"https://ror.org/00bgk9508","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I177477856"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Leonardo Di Giovanna","raw_affiliation_strings":["DAUIN Department, Politecnico di Torino, Turin, Italy"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"DAUIN Department, Politecnico di Torino, Turin, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I177477856"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5084867327","display_name":"F. Monaco","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I177477856","display_name":"Polytechnic University of Turin","ror":"https://ror.org/00bgk9508","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I177477856"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Francesco Monaco","raw_affiliation_strings":["DAUIN Department, Politecnico di Torino, Turin, Italy"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"DAUIN Department, Politecnico di Torino, Turin, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I177477856"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5015971705","display_name":"Giuseppe Ognibene","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I177477856","display_name":"Polytechnic University of Turin","ror":"https://ror.org/00bgk9508","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I177477856"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Giuseppe Ognibene","raw_affiliation_strings":["DAUIN Department, Politecnico di Torino, Turin, Italy"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"DAUIN Department, Politecnico di Torino, Turin, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I177477856"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5089196445","display_name":"Fulvio Risso","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6134-7890"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I177477856","display_name":"Polytechnic University of Turin","ror":"https://ror.org/00bgk9508","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I177477856"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Fulvio Risso","raw_affiliation_strings":["DAUIN Department, Politecnico di Torino, Turin, Italy"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"DAUIN Department, Politecnico di Torino, Turin, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I177477856"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":9,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5064472958"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1301041018"],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":10.6644,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":53,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.9875935,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":97,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"11","issue":null,"first_page":"57174","last_page":"57202"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10742","display_name":"Peer-to-Peer Network Technologies","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10742","display_name":"Peer-to-Peer Network Technologies","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10101","display_name":"Cloud Computing and Resource Management","score":0.9993000030517578,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10772","display_name":"Distributed systems and fault tolerance","score":0.9988999962806702,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.714378833770752},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cloud-computing","display_name":"Cloud computing","score":0.6598473191261292},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/observability","display_name":"Observability","score":0.642752468585968},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operating-system","display_name":"Operating system","score":0.27606895565986633},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.09185358881950378}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.714378833770752},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79974875","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q483639","display_name":"Cloud computing","level":2,"score":0.6598473191261292},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36299963","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1369844","display_name":"Observability","level":2,"score":0.642752468585968},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.27606895565986633},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.09185358881950378},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28826006","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q33521","display_name":"Applied mathematics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2023.3281480","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2023.3281480","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/10005208/10138542.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:0ae94e0cf3f347138c556b5e8f618fbe","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/0ae94e0cf3f347138c556b5e8f618fbe","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 11, Pp 57174-57202 (2023)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2023.3281480","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2023.3281480","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/10005208/10138542.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4380143024.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4380143024.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":8,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W3134199133","https://openalex.org/W3194528578","https://openalex.org/W3197532117","https://openalex.org/W3217450988","https://openalex.org/W4293499229","https://openalex.org/W4312657088","https://openalex.org/W4324009411","https://openalex.org/W7037612227"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W2046459260","https://openalex.org/W2967463586","https://openalex.org/W2765830098","https://openalex.org/W1971989957","https://openalex.org/W2517338020","https://openalex.org/W3157641275","https://openalex.org/W4312300846","https://openalex.org/W2615757685","https://openalex.org/W2098782634"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Modern":[0],"mobile":[1,231],"communication":[2],"networks":[3,232,240],"and":[4,25,51,66,74,124,143,153,180,187,195,226,242],"new":[5],"service":[6],"applications":[7],"are":[8],"deployed":[9,102],"on":[10,90,103],"cloud-native":[11,48,173,203],"platforms.":[12],"Kubernetes":[13],"(K8s)":[14],"is":[15,42],"the":[16,26,30,36,45,70,97,104,159,167,213],"de":[17],"facto":[18],"distributed":[19],"operating":[20,81],"system":[21,82],"for":[22,63,182,229],"container":[23],"orchestration,":[24],"extended":[27],"version":[28],"of":[29,69,99,172,218],"Berkeley":[31],"Packet":[32],"Filter":[33],"(eBPF)\u2013":[34],"in":[35,140,205,220],"Linux":[37],"(and":[38],"MS":[39],"Windows)":[40],"kernel\u2013":[41],"fundamentally":[43],"changing":[44],"approach":[46],"to":[47,78,107,149,165,197,202],"networking,":[49],"security,":[50],"observability.":[52],"In":[53],"this":[54,79,141],"paper,":[55],"we":[56,131,192],"introduce":[57],"what":[58],"eBPF":[59,100,109,134,146,156],"is,":[60],"its":[61],"potential":[62],"Telco":[64],"cloud,":[65],"review":[67],"some":[68],"most":[71],"promising":[72],"pricing":[73],"billing":[75],"models":[76,86],"applied":[77],"revolutionary":[80],"(OS)":[83],"technology.":[84],"These":[85,111,161],"include":[87],"schemes":[88],"based":[89],"a":[91],"data":[92],"source":[93],"usage":[94],"model":[95],"or":[96],"number":[98],"agents":[101],"network,":[105],"linked":[106],"specific":[108],"modules.":[110],"modules":[112],"encompass":[113],"<italic":[114,119,125,137,168,176,198,214],"xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"":[115,120,126,138,169,177,199,215],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">network":[116],"observability</i>":[117],",":[118,123],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">runtime":[121],"security</i>":[122],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">power":[127],"dissipation</i>":[128],"monitoring.":[129],"Next,":[130],"present":[132],"our":[133],"platform,":[135],"named":[136],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">Sauron</i>":[139],"work,":[142],"demonstrate":[144,212],"how":[145],"allows":[147],"us":[148,164],"write":[150],"custom":[151],"code":[152],"dynamically":[154],"load":[155],"programs":[157,162],"into":[158],"kernel.":[160],"enable":[163],"estimate":[166],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">energy":[170],"consumption</i>":[171],"functions,":[174],"derive":[175],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">performance":[178],"counters":[179],"gauges</i>":[181],"transport":[183],"networks,":[184],"5G":[185,234],"applications,":[186],"non-access":[188],"stratum":[189],"protocols.":[190],"Additionally,":[191],"can":[193],"detect":[194],"respond":[196],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">unauthorized":[200],"access</i>":[201],"resources":[204],"real-time":[206],"using":[207],"eBPF.":[208],"Our":[209],"experimental":[210],"results":[211],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">technical":[216],"feasibility":[217],"eBPF</i>":[219],"achieving":[221],"highly":[222],"performant":[223],"monitoring,":[224],"observability,":[225],"security":[227],"tooling":[228],"current":[230],"(5G,":[233],"Advanced)":[235],"as":[236,238],"well":[237],"future":[239],"(6G":[241],"beyond).":[243]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":31},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
