{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4378714867","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2023.3280856","title":"Design and Analysis of an Asymmetric Spoke and Delta-Shape Interior Permanent Magnet Synchronous Machine","display_name":"Design and Analysis of an Asymmetric Spoke and Delta-Shape Interior Permanent Magnet Synchronous Machine","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4378714867","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2023.3280856"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2023.3280856","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2023.3280856","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/10005208/10138204.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/10005208/10138204.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102718527","display_name":"Niaz Muhammad","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8313-2716"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I16076960","display_name":"COMSATS University Islamabad","ror":"https://ror.org/00nqqvk19","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I16076960"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3131573596","display_name":"Abbottabad University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/0549hdw45","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3131573596"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Niaz Muhammad","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, COMSATS University Islamabad, Abbottabad Campus, Abbottabad, Pakistan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8313-2716","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, COMSATS University Islamabad, Abbottabad Campus, Abbottabad, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3131573596","https://openalex.org/I16076960"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5037217269","display_name":"Faisal Khan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5031-6121"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I16076960","display_name":"COMSATS University Islamabad","ror":"https://ror.org/00nqqvk19","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I16076960"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3131573596","display_name":"Abbottabad University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/0549hdw45","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3131573596"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Faisal Khan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, COMSATS University Islamabad, Abbottabad Campus, Abbottabad, Pakistan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5031-6121","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, COMSATS University Islamabad, Abbottabad Campus, Abbottabad, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3131573596","https://openalex.org/I16076960"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5077224621","display_name":"Basharat Ullah","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8201-602X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I16076960","display_name":"COMSATS University Islamabad","ror":"https://ror.org/00nqqvk19","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I16076960"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3131573596","display_name":"Abbottabad University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/0549hdw45","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3131573596"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Basharat Ullah","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, COMSATS University Islamabad, Abbottabad Campus, Abbottabad, Pakistan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8201-602X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, COMSATS University Islamabad, Abbottabad Campus, Abbottabad, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3131573596","https://openalex.org/I16076960"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5069913452","display_name":"Saira Tariq","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I16076960","display_name":"COMSATS University Islamabad","ror":"https://ror.org/00nqqvk19","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I16076960"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3131573596","display_name":"Abbottabad University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/0549hdw45","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3131573596"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Saira Tariq","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, COMSATS University Islamabad, Abbottabad Campus, Abbottabad, Pakistan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, COMSATS University Islamabad, Abbottabad Campus, Abbottabad, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3131573596","https://openalex.org/I16076960"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5046079618","display_name":"Ahmad H. Milyani","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1926-9486"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I185163786","display_name":"King Abdulaziz University","ror":"https://ror.org/02ma4wv74","country_code":"SA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I185163786"]}],"countries":["SA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ahmad H. Milyani","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia","Center of Research Excellence in Renewable Energy and Power Systems, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1926-9486","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I185163786"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center of Research Excellence in Renewable Energy and Power Systems, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I185163786"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5102718527"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I16076960","https://openalex.org/I3131573596"],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":1.1395,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":9,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.77550465,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"11","issue":null,"first_page":"54849","last_page":"54858"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10278","display_name":"Electric Motor Design and Analysis","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10278","display_name":"Electric Motor Design and Analysis","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11602","display_name":"Magnetic Bearings and Levitation Dynamics","score":0.9973000288009644,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11249","display_name":"Wireless Power Transfer Systems","score":0.9926999807357788,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/torque","display_name":"Torque","score":0.699800431728363},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/stator","display_name":"Stator","score":0.6281628608703613},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/magnet","display_name":"Magnet","score":0.6245446801185608},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rotor","display_name":"Rotor (electric)","score":0.5373230576515198},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/topology","display_name":"Topology (electrical circuits)","score":0.5114492177963257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/asymmetry","display_name":"Asymmetry","score":0.445709764957428},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.3939008414745331},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.3850824236869812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control-theory","display_name":"Control theory (sociology)","score":0.38327357172966003},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.34383171796798706},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mechanical-engineering","display_name":"Mechanical engineering","score":0.3279024064540863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/particle-physics","display_name":"Particle physics","score":0.24045762419700623},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.18833360075950623},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.14630424976348877},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quantum-mechanics","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","score":0.08696255087852478}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144171764","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q48103","display_name":"Torque","level":2,"score":0.699800431728363},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776529397","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190312","display_name":"Stator","level":2,"score":0.6281628608703613},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C16389437","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11421","display_name":"Magnet","level":2,"score":0.6245446801185608},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17281054","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193466","display_name":"Rotor (electric)","level":2,"score":0.5373230576515198},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184720557","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7825049","display_name":"Topology (electrical circuits)","level":2,"score":0.5114492177963257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38976095","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q752641","display_name":"Asymmetry","level":2,"score":0.445709764957428},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.3939008414745331},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.3850824236869812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47446073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5165890","display_name":"Control theory (sociology)","level":3,"score":0.38327357172966003},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.34383171796798706},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78519656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101333","display_name":"Mechanical engineering","level":1,"score":0.3279024064540863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C109214941","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18334","display_name":"Particle physics","level":1,"score":0.24045762419700623},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.18833360075950623},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.14630424976348877},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.08696255087852478},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775924081","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q55608371","display_name":"Control (management)","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2023.3280856","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2023.3280856","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/10005208/10138204.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:441466da6aee49158a9619b1e8e7f3cf","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/441466da6aee49158a9619b1e8e7f3cf","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 11, Pp 54849-54858 (2023)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2023.3280856","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2023.3280856","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/10005208/10138204.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","score":0.5099999904632568}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4378714867.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4378714867.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":30,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2056538626","https://openalex.org/W2059866291","https://openalex.org/W2072371799","https://openalex.org/W2129104824","https://openalex.org/W2319380678","https://openalex.org/W2320377497","https://openalex.org/W2333378743","https://openalex.org/W2342465659","https://openalex.org/W2529329384","https://openalex.org/W2748167114","https://openalex.org/W2789360872","https://openalex.org/W2807626915","https://openalex.org/W2808752215","https://openalex.org/W2926030903","https://openalex.org/W2953944029","https://openalex.org/W2994697138","https://openalex.org/W2999852017","https://openalex.org/W3017549910","https://openalex.org/W3024762862","https://openalex.org/W3043579022","https://openalex.org/W3113110972","https://openalex.org/W3127289564","https://openalex.org/W3157492028","https://openalex.org/W3165618025","https://openalex.org/W3183336217","https://openalex.org/W3192291284","https://openalex.org/W3204428254","https://openalex.org/W4226428825","https://openalex.org/W4246008106","https://openalex.org/W4285291610"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2360961134","https://openalex.org/W2382174283","https://openalex.org/W2056603594","https://openalex.org/W2660932584","https://openalex.org/W342500627","https://openalex.org/W2024747160","https://openalex.org/W2073603187","https://openalex.org/W1867939230","https://openalex.org/W3194533468","https://openalex.org/W2282955880"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"paper":[1],"proposes":[2],"a":[3,159,199],"design":[4],"of":[5,37,121,175],"an":[6],"asymmetric":[7,44,47,53],"spoke":[8,124],"and":[9,31,52,84,123,155,161,171,178,183,198],"delta-shape":[10,122],"interior":[11],"permanent":[12,48],"magnet":[13,49,101],"(AIPM-P)":[14],"synchronous":[15,193],"machine":[16,194],"for":[17,206],"electric":[18],"vehicles":[19],"that":[20,133],"use":[21],"the":[22,28,38,43,61,67,72,97,99,104,111,119,128,135,145,149,152,176,187,190],"magnetic-field-shifting":[23],"(MFS)":[24],"technique":[25],"to":[26,42,58,186],"improve":[27],"average":[29,136],"torque":[30,33,75,86,201],"reduce":[32,103],"ripples.":[34],"The":[35,138,164],"asymmetry":[36],"AIPM-P":[39,140,192],"is":[40,63,141,204],"due":[41],"rotor":[45,156],"structure,":[46],"(PM)":[50],"placement,":[51],"flux":[54],"barriers":[55],"(AFB).":[56],"Due":[57],"this":[59],"asymmetry,":[60],"MFS":[62],"utilized,":[64],"which":[65,107,203],"decreases":[66],"current":[68],"angle":[69],"difference":[70],"between":[71],"peak":[73],"PM":[74,126],"(":[76,87],"<inline-formula":[77,88],"xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"":[78,89],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">":[79,90],"<tex-math":[80,91],"notation=\"LaTeX\">$T_{PM}$":[81],"</tex-math></inline-formula>":[82,93],")":[83,94],"reluctance":[85,112],"notation=\"LaTeX\">$T_{r}$":[92],"components.":[95],"In":[96],"delta-shape,":[98],"bar":[100],"helps":[102,108],"d-axis":[105],"inductance,":[106],"in":[109,148],"increasing":[110,115],"torque,":[113],"ultimately":[114],"synthetic":[116],"torque.":[117,137],"Furthermore,":[118],"combination":[120],"shape":[125],"makes":[127],"novel":[129],"hybrid":[130],"layer":[131],"structure":[132],"improves":[134],"proposed":[139,177,191],"then":[142],"compared":[143],"with":[144,158],"conventional":[146,179,188],"designs":[147,180],"literature":[150],"having":[151],"same":[153],"stator":[154],"radius,":[157],"4-pole":[160],"24-slot":[162],"combination.":[163],"open":[165],"circuit,":[166],"on-load":[167],"characteristics,":[168],"efficiency,":[169],"copper,":[170],"iron":[172],"loss":[173],"maps":[174],"are":[181],"investigated":[182],"compared.":[184],"Compared":[185],"designs,":[189],"has":[195],"high":[196],"efficiency":[197],"good":[200],"profile,":[202],"suitable":[205],"EV":[207],"applications.":[208]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-05-06T08:25:59.206177","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
