{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4378714780","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2023.3280422","title":"Multi-Input Deep Learning Approach for Breast Cancer Screening Using Thermal Infrared Imaging and Clinical Data","display_name":"Multi-Input Deep Learning Approach for Breast Cancer Screening Using Thermal Infrared Imaging and Clinical Data","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4378714780","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2023.3280422"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2023.3280422","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2023.3280422","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/10005208/10136689.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/10005208/10136689.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5078709699","display_name":"Dennies Tsietso","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4936-8781"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I216286881","display_name":"Botswana International University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/04cr2sq58","country_code":"BW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I216286881"]}],"countries":["BW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dennies Tsietso","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical, Computer and Telecommunications Engineering, Botswana International University of Science and Technology, Palapye, Botswana"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4936-8781","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical, Computer and Telecommunications Engineering, Botswana International University of Science and Technology, Palapye, Botswana","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I216286881"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5081589852","display_name":"Abid Yahya","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3741-8315"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I216286881","display_name":"Botswana International University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/04cr2sq58","country_code":"BW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I216286881"]}],"countries":["BW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Abid Yahya","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical, Computer and Telecommunications Engineering, Botswana International University of Science and Technology, Palapye, Botswana"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3741-8315","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical, Computer and Telecommunications Engineering, Botswana International University of Science and Technology, Palapye, Botswana","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I216286881"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5073516843","display_name":"Ravi Samikannu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6945-6562"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I216286881","display_name":"Botswana International University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/04cr2sq58","country_code":"BW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I216286881"]}],"countries":["BW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ravi Samikannu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical, Computer and Telecommunications Engineering, Botswana International University of Science and Technology, Palapye, Botswana"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6945-6562","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical, Computer and Telecommunications Engineering, Botswana International University of Science and Technology, Palapye, Botswana","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I216286881"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5079382054","display_name":"Muhammad Usman Tariq","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7605-3040"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I117222138","display_name":"Abu Dhabi University","ror":"https://ror.org/01r3kjq03","country_code":"AE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I117222138"]}],"countries":["AE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Muhammad Usman Tariq","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Marketing, Operations, and Information Systems, Abu Dhabi University, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7605-3040","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Marketing, Operations, and Information Systems, Abu Dhabi University, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I117222138"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5058693284","display_name":"Muhammad Ali Babar","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6653-6076"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I142024983","display_name":"Prince Sultan University","ror":"https://ror.org/053mqrf26","country_code":"SA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I142024983"]}],"countries":["SA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Muhammad Babar","raw_affiliation_strings":["Robotics and Internet of Things Laboratory, Prince Sultan University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6653-6076","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Robotics and Internet of Things Laboratory, Prince Sultan University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I142024983"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5083814185","display_name":"Basit Qureshi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7389-519X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I142024983","display_name":"Prince Sultan University","ror":"https://ror.org/053mqrf26","country_code":"SA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I142024983"]}],"countries":["SA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Basit Qureshi","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Computer and Information Sciences, Prince Sultan University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7389-519X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Computer and Information Sciences, Prince Sultan University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I142024983"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5024626195","display_name":"Anis Koub\u00e2a","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3787-7423"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I142024983","display_name":"Prince Sultan University","ror":"https://ror.org/053mqrf26","country_code":"SA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I142024983"]}],"countries":["SA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Anis Koubaa","raw_affiliation_strings":["Robotics and Internet of Things Laboratory, Prince Sultan University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3787-7423","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Robotics and Internet of Things Laboratory, Prince Sultan University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I142024983"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":9.8471,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":47,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.98656167,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"11","issue":null,"first_page":"52101","last_page":"52116"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12994","display_name":"Infrared Thermography in Medicine","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2741","display_name":"Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12994","display_name":"Infrared Thermography in Medicine","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2741","display_name":"Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11856","display_name":"Thermography and Photoacoustic Techniques","score":0.9890000224113464,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2211","display_name":"Mechanics of Materials"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12389","display_name":"Infrared Target Detection Methodologies","score":0.9229000210762024,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mammography","display_name":"Mammography","score":0.7401154637336731},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/breast-cancer","display_name":"Breast cancer","score":0.6807633638381958},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/modality","display_name":"Modality (human\u2013computer interaction)","score":0.6754870414733887},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6640788316726685},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5879752039909363},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/deep-learning","display_name":"Deep learning","score":0.5263760685920715},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.5082778334617615},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/receiver-operating-characteristic","display_name":"Receiver operating characteristic","score":0.4534095525741577},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cancer","display_name":"Cancer","score":0.33523714542388916},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medical-physics","display_name":"Medical physics","score":0.32689982652664185},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medicine","display_name":"Medicine","score":0.30392467975616455}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780472235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q324634","display_name":"Mammography","level":4,"score":0.7401154637336731},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C530470458","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q128581","display_name":"Breast cancer","level":3,"score":0.6807633638381958},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780226545","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6888030","display_name":"Modality (human\u2013computer interaction)","level":2,"score":0.6754870414733887},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6640788316726685},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5879752039909363},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108583219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q197536","display_name":"Deep learning","level":2,"score":0.5263760685920715},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.5082778334617615},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58471807","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q327120","display_name":"Receiver operating characteristic","level":2,"score":0.4534095525741577},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121608353","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12078","display_name":"Cancer","level":2,"score":0.33523714542388916},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19527891","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1120908","display_name":"Medical physics","level":1,"score":0.32689982652664185},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.30392467975616455},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2023.3280422","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2023.3280422","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/10005208/10136689.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:17493f14665041eda1e936c7739e312b","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/17493f14665041eda1e936c7739e312b","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 11, Pp 52101-52116 (2023)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2023.3280422","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2023.3280422","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/10005208/10136689.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","score":0.8799999952316284,"display_name":"Good health and well-being"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G18393497","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"SEED-CCIS-2023-121","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320327702","funder_display_name":"Prince Sultan University"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320327702","display_name":"Prince Sultan University","ror":"https://ror.org/053mqrf26"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4378714780.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4378714780.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":53,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1737947457","https://openalex.org/W1845528705","https://openalex.org/W1991064064","https://openalex.org/W2103895023","https://openalex.org/W2116360511","https://openalex.org/W2163605009","https://openalex.org/W2165413853","https://openalex.org/W2325015832","https://openalex.org/W2613776824","https://openalex.org/W2754242900","https://openalex.org/W2802723470","https://openalex.org/W2805365160","https://openalex.org/W2888804473","https://openalex.org/W2942803597","https://openalex.org/W2953740253","https://openalex.org/W2955704392","https://openalex.org/W2962769419","https://openalex.org/W2963474950","https://openalex.org/W2972214381","https://openalex.org/W2989010209","https://openalex.org/W2997797021","https://openalex.org/W3007303748","https://openalex.org/W3020578014","https://openalex.org/W3033834235","https://openalex.org/W3037261120","https://openalex.org/W3046168484","https://openalex.org/W3080534195","https://openalex.org/W3088911909","https://openalex.org/W3092135811","https://openalex.org/W3095791468","https://openalex.org/W3097005544","https://openalex.org/W3097702496","https://openalex.org/W3119937703","https://openalex.org/W3128646645","https://openalex.org/W3139348042","https://openalex.org/W3145548293","https://openalex.org/W3167245633","https://openalex.org/W3180281962","https://openalex.org/W3190820488","https://openalex.org/W4205928713","https://openalex.org/W4206157909","https://openalex.org/W4206439778","https://openalex.org/W4225288434","https://openalex.org/W4226267190","https://openalex.org/W4285262630","https://openalex.org/W4287324708","https://openalex.org/W4323285636","https://openalex.org/W6684191040","https://openalex.org/W6713783767","https://openalex.org/W6766261273","https://openalex.org/W6779092311","https://openalex.org/W6779786081","https://openalex.org/W6791220681"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4385649027","https://openalex.org/W2385859805","https://openalex.org/W2530972254","https://openalex.org/W2970784617","https://openalex.org/W2126639667","https://openalex.org/W1514924336","https://openalex.org/W4375867731","https://openalex.org/W2217963778","https://openalex.org/W2374013449","https://openalex.org/W73545470"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Breast":[0],"cancer":[1,115,219],"is":[2,18,29],"one":[3],"of":[4,9,133,140,146,148,155,167,193,197,203,226],"the":[5,14,19,24,30,87,131,134,138,141,144,153,165,168,177],"most":[6,67],"prevalent":[7],"causes":[8],"death":[10],"among":[11],"women":[12],"across":[13],"globe.":[15],"Early":[16],"detection":[17],"best":[20],"strategy":[21],"for":[22,59,113,217,222],"reducing":[23],"mortality":[25],"rate.":[26],"Currently,":[27],"mammography":[28],"standard":[31],"screening":[32,215],"modality,":[33,41],"which":[34],"has":[35],"its":[36],"shortcomings.":[37],"To":[38],"complement":[39],"this":[40],"thermal":[42],"infrared-based":[43],"Computer-Aided":[44],"Diagnosis":[45],"(CADx)":[46],"tools":[47],"have":[48],"been":[49],"presented":[50],"as":[51,98],"economical,":[52],"less":[53,213],"hazardous,":[54],"and":[55,77,124,152,170,188,199,212],"a":[56,64,104,195,209,223],"suitable":[57],"solution":[58],"various":[60],"age":[61,227],"groups.":[62,228],"Although":[63],"viable":[65],"solution,":[66],"CADx":[68,106],"systems":[69,91],"are":[70,78],"built":[71],"primarily":[72],"from":[73,150,176],"frontal":[74],"breast":[75,114,121,218],"thermograms,":[76],"likely":[79],"to":[80,129,158,173],"miss":[81],"lesions":[82],"that":[83,108,182],"may":[84],"develop":[85],"on":[86],"sides.":[88],"Additionally,":[89],"these":[90],"often":[92],"disregard":[93],"critical":[94],"clinical":[95,127],"data,":[96],"such":[97],"risk":[99],"factors.":[100],"This":[101,205],"paper":[102],"presents":[103],"novel":[105],"system":[107,118],"utilizes":[109],"deep":[110],"learning":[111,157],"techniques":[112],"detection.":[116],"The":[117,179],"incorporates":[119],"multiple":[120],"thermogram":[122],"views":[123],"corresponding":[125],"patient":[126],"data":[128],"improve":[130],"accuracy":[132,192],"diagnosis.":[135],"We":[136,163],"describe":[137],"methodology":[139],"system,":[142],"including":[143],"extraction":[145],"regions":[147],"interest":[149],"images":[151],"use":[154],"transfer":[156],"train":[159],"three":[160],"different":[161],"models.":[162],"evaluate":[164],"performance":[166],"models":[169,187],"compare":[171],"them":[172],"similar":[174],"works":[175],"literature.":[178],"results":[180],"demonstrate":[181],"using":[183],"multi-inputs":[184],"outperforms":[185],"single-input":[186],"achieves":[189],"an":[190,200],"overall":[191],"90.48%,":[194],"sensitivity":[196],"93.33%,":[198],"AUROC":[201],"curve":[202],"0.94.":[204],"approach":[206],"could":[207],"offer":[208],"more":[210],"cost-effective":[211],"hazardous":[214],"option":[216],"detection,":[220],"particularly":[221],"wide":[224],"range":[225]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":20},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":23},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-07-03T08:13:44.112507","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}