{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4378373541","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2023.3280410","title":"A Systematic Review of Deep Learning Microalgae Classification and Detection","display_name":"A Systematic Review of Deep Learning Microalgae Classification and Detection","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4378373541","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2023.3280410"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2023.3280410","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2023.3280410","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/10005208/10136693.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"review","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/10005208/10136693.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5045179240","display_name":"Dina M. Madkour","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0005-0162-7950"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4576418","display_name":"University of Technology Malaysia","ror":"https://ror.org/026w31v75","country_code":"MY","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4576418"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I59272784","display_name":"Arab Academy for Science, Technology, and Maritime Transport","ror":"https://ror.org/0004vyj87","country_code":"EG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I59272784"]}],"countries":["EG","MY"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dina M. Madkour","raw_affiliation_strings":["Malaysia-Japan International Institute of Technology (MJIIT), Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Jalan Sultan Yahya Petra, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia","Computer Engineering Department, Arab Academy for Science, Technology and Maritime Transport, Cairo, Egypt"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0005-0162-7950","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Malaysia-Japan International Institute of Technology (MJIIT), Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Jalan Sultan Yahya Petra, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4576418"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Computer Engineering Department, Arab Academy for Science, Technology and Maritime Transport, Cairo, Egypt","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I59272784"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5081758518","display_name":"Mohd Ibrahim Shapiai","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0594-8231"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4576418","display_name":"University of Technology Malaysia","ror":"https://ror.org/026w31v75","country_code":"MY","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4576418"]}],"countries":["MY"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mohd Ibrahim Shapiai","raw_affiliation_strings":["Malaysia-Japan International Institute of Technology (MJIIT), Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Jalan Sultan Yahya Petra, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia","Centre for Artificial Intelligence and Robotics iKohza, Malaysia-Japan International Institute of Technology, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0594-8231","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Malaysia-Japan International Institute of Technology (MJIIT), Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Jalan Sultan Yahya Petra, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4576418"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Centre for Artificial Intelligence and Robotics iKohza, Malaysia-Japan International Institute of Technology, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4576418"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5054130242","display_name":"Shaza Eva Mohamad","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5588-7989"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4576418","display_name":"University of Technology Malaysia","ror":"https://ror.org/026w31v75","country_code":"MY","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4576418"]}],"countries":["MY"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shaza Eva Mohamad","raw_affiliation_strings":["Malaysia-Japan International Institute of Technology (MJIIT), Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Jalan Sultan Yahya Petra, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Malaysia-Japan International Institute of Technology (MJIIT), Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Jalan Sultan Yahya Petra, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4576418"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5052021824","display_name":"Hesham Aly","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4396-7660"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I59272784","display_name":"Arab Academy for Science, Technology, and Maritime Transport","ror":"https://ror.org/0004vyj87","country_code":"EG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I59272784"]}],"countries":["EG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hesham Hamdy Aly","raw_affiliation_strings":["Electronics and Communications Engineering Department, Arab Academy for Science, Technology and Maritime Transport, Giza, Egypt"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Electronics and Communications Engineering Department, Arab Academy for Science, Technology and Maritime Transport, Giza, Egypt","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I59272784"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5055776503","display_name":"Zool Hilmi Ismail","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5918-636X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4576418","display_name":"University of Technology Malaysia","ror":"https://ror.org/026w31v75","country_code":"MY","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4576418"]}],"countries":["MY"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zool Hilmi Ismail","raw_affiliation_strings":["Malaysia-Japan International Institute of Technology (MJIIT), Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Jalan Sultan Yahya Petra, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia","Centre for Artificial Intelligence and Robotics iKohza, Malaysia-Japan International Institute of Technology, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5918-636X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Malaysia-Japan International Institute of Technology (MJIIT), Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Jalan Sultan Yahya Petra, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4576418"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Centre for Artificial Intelligence and Robotics iKohza, Malaysia-Japan International Institute of Technology, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4576418"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5037731226","display_name":"Mohd Zamri Ibrahim","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0795-4096"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I102913810","display_name":"Universiti Malaysia Pahang Al-Sultan Abdullah","ror":"https://ror.org/01704wp68","country_code":"MY","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I102913810"]}],"countries":["MY"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mohd Zamri Ibrahim","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Electrical and Electronics Engineering Technology, Universiti Malaysia Pahang, Pekan, Pahang, Malaysia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0795-4096","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Electrical and Electronics Engineering Technology, Universiti Malaysia Pahang, Pekan, Pahang, Malaysia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I102913810"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":10.1039,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":34,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.9812701,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"11","issue":null,"first_page":"57529","last_page":"57555"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12859","display_name":"Cell Image Analysis Techniques","score":0.9767000079154968,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1304","display_name":"Biophysics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12859","display_name":"Cell Image Analysis Techniques","score":0.9767000079154968,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1304","display_name":"Biophysics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11438","display_name":"Retinal Imaging and Analysis","score":0.9531999826431274,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2741","display_name":"Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10616","display_name":"Smart Agriculture and AI","score":0.9466999769210815,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1110","display_name":"Plant Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.7429618835449219},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6889427304267883},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.6844834089279175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/deep-learning","display_name":"Deep learning","score":0.6354414224624634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/process","display_name":"Process (computing)","score":0.5332605242729187},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algae","display_name":"Algae","score":0.5031158328056335},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ecology","display_name":"Ecology","score":0.1325627863407135},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/biology","display_name":"Biology","score":0.08092904090881348}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.7429618835449219},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6889427304267883},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.6844834089279175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108583219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q197536","display_name":"Deep learning","level":2,"score":0.6354414224624634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98045186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205663","display_name":"Process (computing)","level":2,"score":0.5332605242729187},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C559758991","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37868","display_name":"Algae","level":2,"score":0.5031158328056335},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18903297","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7150","display_name":"Ecology","level":1,"score":0.1325627863407135},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.08092904090881348},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2023.3280410","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2023.3280410","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/10005208/10136693.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:5b3f40f31e154b80b1a0cb0f50bc0253","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/5b3f40f31e154b80b1a0cb0f50bc0253","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 11, Pp 57529-57555 (2023)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2023.3280410","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2023.3280410","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/10005208/10136693.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Zero hunger","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/2","score":0.46000000834465027}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3692614730","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"FRGS/1/2020/TK0/UTM/02/88","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320323300","funder_display_name":"Universiti Teknologi Malaysia"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320323300","display_name":"Universiti Teknologi Malaysia","ror":"https://ror.org/026w31v75"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320336993","display_name":"Research Management Centre, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4378373541.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4378373541.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":79,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1599444355","https://openalex.org/W2040026440","https://openalex.org/W2283873308","https://openalex.org/W2421101021","https://openalex.org/W2622826443","https://openalex.org/W2739750999","https://openalex.org/W2739917809","https://openalex.org/W2749091437","https://openalex.org/W2773322941","https://openalex.org/W2781072509","https://openalex.org/W2784043968","https://openalex.org/W2792351340","https://openalex.org/W2804719275","https://openalex.org/W2810252832","https://openalex.org/W2845234326","https://openalex.org/W2892456951","https://openalex.org/W2895951708","https://openalex.org/W2896018215","https://openalex.org/W2903748065","https://openalex.org/W2905050155","https://openalex.org/W2905050280","https://openalex.org/W2917262027","https://openalex.org/W2954780295","https://openalex.org/W2955872377","https://openalex.org/W2974714804","https://openalex.org/W2974827513","https://openalex.org/W2980222335","https://openalex.org/W2990260851","https://openalex.org/W2999082765","https://openalex.org/W3002262800","https://openalex.org/W3006137535","https://openalex.org/W3011056148","https://openalex.org/W3016769295","https://openalex.org/W3019461574","https://openalex.org/W3023109392","https://openalex.org/W3043427892","https://openalex.org/W3045776219","https://openalex.org/W3046220160","https://openalex.org/W3082037598","https://openalex.org/W3082879489","https://openalex.org/W3100355537","https://openalex.org/W3110123441","https://openalex.org/W3115780569","https://openalex.org/W3118563319","https://openalex.org/W3121216061","https://openalex.org/W3129142304","https://openalex.org/W3131917094","https://openalex.org/W3133516698","https://openalex.org/W3133825444","https://openalex.org/W3135566365","https://openalex.org/W3140854437","https://openalex.org/W3165558085","https://openalex.org/W3175508251","https://openalex.org/W3188987018","https://openalex.org/W3191514888","https://openalex.org/W3194730353","https://openalex.org/W3197262630","https://openalex.org/W3198636611","https://openalex.org/W4200051995","https://openalex.org/W4200415439","https://openalex.org/W4221085032","https://openalex.org/W4224277764","https://openalex.org/W4235653448","https://openalex.org/W4248785849","https://openalex.org/W4281962665","https://openalex.org/W4283215385","https://openalex.org/W4285187251","https://openalex.org/W4285594676","https://openalex.org/W4297457353","https://openalex.org/W4309739659","https://openalex.org/W4313207670","https://openalex.org/W4321769916","https://openalex.org/W6741435119","https://openalex.org/W6753331994","https://openalex.org/W6757407635","https://openalex.org/W6775203837","https://openalex.org/W6788175846","https://openalex.org/W6799613797","https://openalex.org/W6800625762"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2731899572","https://openalex.org/W2961085424","https://openalex.org/W3215138031","https://openalex.org/W4306674287","https://openalex.org/W3009238340","https://openalex.org/W4360585206","https://openalex.org/W4321369474","https://openalex.org/W4285208911","https://openalex.org/W4387369504","https://openalex.org/W3046775127"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Algae":[0],"represent":[1],"the":[2,5,57,72,75,110,145,195,202,205,210,241],"majority":[3],"of":[4,14,27,59,74,86,112,119,147,188,201,243],"diversity":[6],"on":[7,122,138,221],"Earth":[8],"and":[9,50,69,80,92,108,131,164,169,198,204,207,236,247],"are":[10,21,29],"a":[11,117,223],"large":[12,224],"group":[13],"organisms":[15],"that":[16,20],"have":[17,99,167,180],"photosynthetic":[18],"properties":[19],"important":[22,40,54,140],"to":[23,31,55,61,70,102,105,143,159,194,232,240],"life.":[24],"The":[25,83,135,186,217],"species":[26],"algae":[28,88,104,127],"estimated":[30],"be":[32],"more":[33,238],"than":[34,175],"1":[35],"million,":[36],"they":[37],"play":[38],"an":[39],"role":[41],"in":[42,213],"many":[43],"fields":[44],"such":[45],"as":[46],"agriculture,":[47],"industry,":[48],"food,":[49],"medicine.":[51],"It":[52],"is":[53,65,89,191],"determine":[56,62,160],"type":[58],"algae,":[60],"if":[63],"it":[64],"harmful":[66],"or":[67,154],"useful,":[68],"indicate":[71],"health":[73],"ecosystem,":[76],"water":[77],"quality,":[78],"health,":[79],"safety":[81],"risks.":[82],"conventional":[84],"process":[85,111],"classifying":[87,148],"difficult,":[90],"tedious,":[91],"time-consuming.":[93],"Recently":[94],"various":[95],"computer":[96],"vision":[97],"techniques":[98,246],"been":[100,157,181],"used":[101,212],"classify":[103],"overcome":[106],"challenges":[107,146],"automate":[109],"classification.":[113,177],"This":[114],"paper":[115,136],"presents":[116],"review":[118,153],"research":[120,141],"done":[121],"image":[123],"classification":[124,173],"for":[125],"microorganism":[126],"using":[128],"machine":[129,165,249],"learning":[130,133,163,166,245,250],"deep":[132,162,244],"techniques.":[134,251],"focuses":[137,220],"three":[139],"questions":[142],"highlight":[144],"microalgae.":[149],"A":[150],"systematic":[151],"literature":[152],"SLR":[155,190],"has":[156],"conducted":[158],"how":[161],"improved":[168],"enhanced":[170],"automatic":[171],"microalgae":[172],"rather":[174],"manual":[176],"51":[178],"articles":[179],"included":[182,215],"from":[183],"well-known":[184],"databases.":[185],"outcome":[187],"this":[189],"beneficial":[192],"due":[193],"detailed":[196],"analysis":[197],"comprehensive":[199],"overview":[200],"algorithms":[203],"architectures":[206],"information":[208],"about":[209],"dataset":[211,225],"each":[214],"article.":[216],"future":[218],"work":[219],"getting":[222],"with":[226],"high":[227],"resolution,":[228],"trying":[229],"different":[230],"methods":[231],"manage":[233],"imbalance":[234],"problems,":[235],"giving":[237],"attention":[239],"fusion":[242],"traditional":[248]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":15},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-07-07T14:30:12.667765","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}