{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4378071190","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2023.3279819","title":"Detection of Ransomware Attacks Using Processor and Disk Usage Data","display_name":"Detection of Ransomware Attacks Using Processor and Disk Usage Data","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4378071190","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2023.3279819"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2023.3279819","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2023.3279819","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/10005208/10132856.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/10005208/10132856.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5084187012","display_name":"Kumar Thummapudi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6645-5468"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I45438204","display_name":"The University of Texas at San Antonio","ror":"https://ror.org/01kd65564","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I45438204"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kumar Thummapudi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, The University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6645-5468","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, The University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I45438204"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5108522835","display_name":"Palden Lama","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I45438204","display_name":"The University of Texas at San Antonio","ror":"https://ror.org/01kd65564","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I45438204"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Palden Lama","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, The University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, The University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I45438204"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5058293481","display_name":"Rajendra V. Boppana","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9195-777X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I45438204","display_name":"The University of Texas at San Antonio","ror":"https://ror.org/01kd65564","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I45438204"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rajendra V. Boppana","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, The University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9195-777X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, The University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I45438204"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I45438204"],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":4.0042,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":30,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.95093458,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":97,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"11","issue":null,"first_page":"51395","last_page":"51407"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11241","display_name":"Advanced Malware Detection Techniques","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11241","display_name":"Advanced Malware Detection Techniques","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10400","display_name":"Network Security and Intrusion Detection","score":0.9991000294685364,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12034","display_name":"Digital and Cyber Forensics","score":0.9969000220298767,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ransomware","display_name":"Ransomware","score":0.981669545173645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8404403924942017},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/random-forest","display_name":"Random forest","score":0.5393365025520325},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/virtual-machine","display_name":"Virtual machine","score":0.5069782733917236},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/overhead","display_name":"Overhead (engineering)","score":0.4928765296936035},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operating-system","display_name":"Operating system","score":0.37956029176712036},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/embedded-system","display_name":"Embedded system","score":0.37946438789367676},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining","display_name":"Data mining","score":0.34531503915786743},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.29205846786499023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/malware","display_name":"Malware","score":0.2722644805908203}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777667771","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q926331","display_name":"Ransomware","level":3,"score":0.981669545173645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8404403924942017},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169258074","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q245748","display_name":"Random forest","level":2,"score":0.5393365025520325},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C25344961","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192726","display_name":"Virtual machine","level":2,"score":0.5069782733917236},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779960059","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7113681","display_name":"Overhead (engineering)","level":2,"score":0.4928765296936035},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.37956029176712036},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149635348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193040","display_name":"Embedded system","level":1,"score":0.37946438789367676},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.34531503915786743},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.29205846786499023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C541664917","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14001","display_name":"Malware","level":2,"score":0.2722644805908203}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2023.3279819","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2023.3279819","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/10005208/10132856.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:ff14e7714b8d4a0f8bc988a0812a39e1","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/ff14e7714b8d4a0f8bc988a0812a39e1","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 11, Pp 51395-51407 (2023)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2023.3279819","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2023.3279819","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/10005208/10132856.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5618650996","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"FA8075-18-D-0008/FA807520F0060","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320311089","funder_display_name":"National Security Agency"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6233432780","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"H98230-21-1-0171","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320311089","funder_display_name":"National Security Agency"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7845798442","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"H98230","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320311089","funder_display_name":"National Security Agency"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320309303","display_name":"Research Institute, Georgia Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01zkghx44"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320309321","display_name":"Georgia Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01zkghx44"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320311089","display_name":"National Security Agency","ror":"https://ror.org/0047bvr32"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4378071190.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4378071190.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":41,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1574447377","https://openalex.org/W2101234009","https://openalex.org/W2119359024","https://openalex.org/W2245015425","https://openalex.org/W2367504390","https://openalex.org/W2493960021","https://openalex.org/W2513529237","https://openalex.org/W2539286694","https://openalex.org/W2539582590","https://openalex.org/W2544488729","https://openalex.org/W2558619741","https://openalex.org/W2559964890","https://openalex.org/W2601591992","https://openalex.org/W2602517145","https://openalex.org/W2756675797","https://openalex.org/W2764249719","https://openalex.org/W2806162789","https://openalex.org/W2807415350","https://openalex.org/W2890196927","https://openalex.org/W2922354075","https://openalex.org/W2932551155","https://openalex.org/W2949012968","https://openalex.org/W2950774332","https://openalex.org/W2951172748","https://openalex.org/W2962912862","https://openalex.org/W2964024268","https://openalex.org/W2993999308","https://openalex.org/W3007346474","https://openalex.org/W3042760775","https://openalex.org/W3087990352","https://openalex.org/W3107251728","https://openalex.org/W3122507336","https://openalex.org/W3127601194","https://openalex.org/W4200428865","https://openalex.org/W4293742266","https://openalex.org/W6675354045","https://openalex.org/W6729193369","https://openalex.org/W6761186546","https://openalex.org/W6763505218","https://openalex.org/W6780373310","https://openalex.org/W6786500554"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4285067014","https://openalex.org/W3124171372","https://openalex.org/W2235294519","https://openalex.org/W4248174414","https://openalex.org/W2943837643","https://openalex.org/W2075174112","https://openalex.org/W2622620488","https://openalex.org/W2779209348","https://openalex.org/W2931307517","https://openalex.org/W2947326503"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Ransomware":[0],"often":[1],"evades":[2],"antivirus":[3],"tools,":[4],"encrypts":[5],"files,":[6],"and":[7,12,28,35,55,65,84,96,122,156,183],"renders":[8],"the":[9,32,37,53,57,89,93,111,119,124,153,169,172,186],"target":[10,33,120],"computer":[11],"its":[13],"data":[14,38,80,127],"unusable.":[15],"The":[16,163],"current":[17],"approaches":[18],"to":[19,68,103,135],"detect":[20],"such":[21],"ransomware":[22,49,70,190],"include":[23],"monitoring":[24,54,115],"processes,":[25],"system":[26,34],"calls,":[27],"file":[29],"activities":[30],"on":[31,73,118],"analyzing":[36],"collected.":[39],"Monitoring":[40],"multiple":[41],"processes":[42],"has":[43],"a":[44,63,74,98,105,145,195],"very":[45],"high":[46,146],"overhead;":[47],"newer":[48],"may":[50],"interfere":[51],"with":[52,144,194],"corrupt":[56],"collected":[58],"data.":[59],"This":[60,108],"paper":[61],"presents":[62],"robust":[64],"practical":[66],"approach":[67,109],"detecting":[69],"in":[71,137],"execution":[72],"virtual":[75],"machine":[76,95,99,121],"(VM).":[77],"We":[78],"collect":[79],"for":[81,88,148,151,160],"selected":[82],"processor":[83],"disk":[85],"I/O":[86],"events":[87],"entire":[90],"VM":[91],"from":[92],"host":[94],"use":[97],"learning":[100],"(ML)":[101],"classifier":[102,167],"develop":[104],"detection":[106,143],"model.":[107],"avoids":[110],"overhead":[112],"of":[113,126,171],"continuously":[114],"every":[116],"process":[117],"prevents":[123],"risk":[125],"contamination":[128],"by":[129],"ransomware.":[130,162],"Furthermore,":[131],"it":[132],"is":[133],"resilient":[134],"variations":[136],"user":[138,181],"workloads.":[139],"It":[140],"provides":[141],"fast":[142],"probability":[147],"known":[149],"(used":[150],"training":[152],"ML":[154,174],"model)":[155],"unknown":[157],"(not":[158],"used":[159],"training)":[161],"random":[164],"forest":[165],"(RF)":[166],"performed":[168],"best":[170],"seven":[173],"classifiers":[175],"we":[176],"tested.":[177],"Over":[178],"six":[179],"different":[180],"loads":[182],"22":[184],"ransomware,":[185],"RF":[187],"model":[188],"detected":[189],"within":[191],"400":[192],"milliseconds":[193],"0.98":[196],"probability.":[197]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-07-25T09:21:30.201066","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
