{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4377966845","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2023.3279727","title":"31.3 nW, 0.5 V Bulk-Driven OTA for Biosignal Processing","display_name":"31.3 nW, 0.5 V Bulk-Driven OTA for Biosignal Processing","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4377966845","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2023.3279727"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2023.3279727","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2023.3279727","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/10005208/10132880.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/10005208/10132880.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5090067090","display_name":"Montree Kumngern","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1960-9081"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I91538806","display_name":"King Mongkut's Institute of Technology Ladkrabang","ror":"https://ror.org/055mf0v62","country_code":"TH","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I91538806"]}],"countries":["TH"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Montree Kumngern","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Telecommunications Engineering, School of Engineering, King Mongkut’s Institute of Technology Ladkrabang, Bangkok, Thailand"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1960-9081","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Telecommunications Engineering, School of Engineering, King Mongkut’s Institute of Technology Ladkrabang, Bangkok, Thailand","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I91538806"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5009503270","display_name":"Tomasz Kulej","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6315-9292"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I130294970","display_name":"Cz\u0119stochowa University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/046awyn59","country_code":"PL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I130294970"]}],"countries":["PL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tomasz Kulej","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering, Częstochowa University of Technology, Czestochowa, Poland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, Częstochowa University of Technology, Czestochowa, Poland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130294970"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5054958593","display_name":"Fabian Khateb","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9864-9830"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I44504214","display_name":"Czech Technical University in Prague","ror":"https://ror.org/03kqpb082","country_code":"CZ","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I44504214"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I60587646","display_name":"Brno University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/03613d656","country_code":"CZ","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I60587646"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I96415178","display_name":"University of Defence","ror":"https://ror.org/04arkmn57","country_code":"CZ","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I96415178"]}],"countries":["CZ"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Fabian Khateb","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Microelectronics, Brno University of Technology, Brno, Czech Republic","Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Defence, Brno, Czech Republic","Faculty of Biomedical Engineering, Czech Technical University in Prague, Kladno, Czech Republic"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9864-9830","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Microelectronics, Brno University of Technology, Brno, Czech Republic","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I60587646"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Defence, Brno, Czech Republic","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I96415178"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Biomedical Engineering, Czech Technical University in Prague, Kladno, Czech Republic","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I44504214"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":1.7415,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":22,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.83471581,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"11","issue":null,"first_page":"56516","last_page":"56525"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10323","display_name":"Analog and Mixed-Signal Circuit Design","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10323","display_name":"Analog and Mixed-Signal Circuit Design","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10558","display_name":"Advancements in Semiconductor Devices and Circuit Design","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10363","display_name":"Low-power high-performance VLSI design","score":0.9988999962806702,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transconductance","display_name":"Transconductance","score":0.4580598771572113},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.4537201523780823},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/biosignal","display_name":"Biosignal","score":0.45288020372390747},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.3723590075969696},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/topology","display_name":"Topology (electrical circuits)","score":0.3682304322719574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/voltage","display_name":"Voltage","score":0.29075032472610474},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transistor","display_name":"Transistor","score":0.245369553565979},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.16987740993499756},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.1452803611755371},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless","display_name":"Wireless","score":0.12871608138084412}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779283907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1632964","display_name":"Transconductance","level":4,"score":0.4580598771572113},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.4537201523780823},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779055241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q644240","display_name":"Biosignal","level":3,"score":0.45288020372390747},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.3723590075969696},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184720557","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7825049","display_name":"Topology (electrical circuits)","level":2,"score":0.3682304322719574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165801399","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25428","display_name":"Voltage","level":2,"score":0.29075032472610474},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C172385210","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5339","display_name":"Transistor","level":3,"score":0.245369553565979},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.16987740993499756},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.1452803611755371},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555944384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249","display_name":"Wireless","level":2,"score":0.12871608138084412}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2023.3279727","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2023.3279727","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/10005208/10132880.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:dspace.vutbr.cz:11012/213551","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/11012/213551","pdf_url":"https://dspace.vut.cz/bitstreams/d7ffe631-ad25-4072-9a79-659492758fbb/download","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400317","display_name":"Brno University of Technology Digital Library (Brno University of Technology)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I60587646","host_organization_name":"Brno University of Technology","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I60587646"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access. 2023, vol. 11, issue 1, p. 56516-56525.","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:6f640974cd4b4deb9e6012f1c1d0de31","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/6f640974cd4b4deb9e6012f1c1d0de31","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 11, Pp 56516-56525 (2023)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2023.3279727","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2023.3279727","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/10005208/10132880.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","score":0.7599999904632568,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4377966845.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4377966845.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":47,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1973633439","https://openalex.org/W1983811470","https://openalex.org/W1995368937","https://openalex.org/W1995840668","https://openalex.org/W2059555657","https://openalex.org/W2066851323","https://openalex.org/W2070231309","https://openalex.org/W2072955589","https://openalex.org/W2078087677","https://openalex.org/W2085008665","https://openalex.org/W2101809138","https://openalex.org/W2107106727","https://openalex.org/W2108602716","https://openalex.org/W2111863096","https://openalex.org/W2112194722","https://openalex.org/W2151589511","https://openalex.org/W2152880439","https://openalex.org/W2157321309","https://openalex.org/W2157637127","https://openalex.org/W2159318368","https://openalex.org/W2160354748","https://openalex.org/W2160377239","https://openalex.org/W2183090537","https://openalex.org/W2613835179","https://openalex.org/W2793113162","https://openalex.org/W2889629143","https://openalex.org/W2901622545","https://openalex.org/W2903018429","https://openalex.org/W2907060685","https://openalex.org/W2944922130","https://openalex.org/W2947052762","https://openalex.org/W3013529725","https://openalex.org/W3014444879","https://openalex.org/W3093210816","https://openalex.org/W3109119208","https://openalex.org/W3114671353","https://openalex.org/W4200471321","https://openalex.org/W4206688125","https://openalex.org/W4206840760","https://openalex.org/W4210539353","https://openalex.org/W4210714992","https://openalex.org/W4213099406","https://openalex.org/W4298170664","https://openalex.org/W4310478619","https://openalex.org/W4324092108","https://openalex.org/W6843933979","https://openalex.org/W7011255002"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W4214581441","https://openalex.org/W2053762217","https://openalex.org/W2494432015","https://openalex.org/W2114479223","https://openalex.org/W2134572333","https://openalex.org/W2150501849","https://openalex.org/W1968240874","https://openalex.org/W2080835026","https://openalex.org/W3082636388"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"paper":[1],"presents":[2],"a":[3,51,101,128,151],"new":[4],"extremely":[5,75],"low-voltage":[6,76],"low-power":[7,78],"bulk-driven":[8,27],"(BD)":[9],"operational":[10],"transconductance":[11],"amplifier":[12],"(OTA)":[13],"realized":[14],"for":[15,67,135],"low":[16,104],"frequency":[17,105,143],"biosignal":[18,81],"processing.":[19,139],"The":[20,98,120,140,164,204,218],"CMOS":[21],"structure":[22],"of":[23,50,87,144,169],"the":[24,32,36,39,45,74,85,145,155,170,175,185,195,209,223],"OTA":[25,79,99,122],"utilizes":[26],"and":[28,77,111,154,194],"self-cascode":[29],"techniques":[30],"in":[31,80,208],"subthreshold":[33],"region,":[34],"supporting":[35],"operation":[37],"with":[38,132,222],"supply":[40,197],"voltage":[41,47,179],"($\\text{V}_{\\mathrm":[42,48],"{DD}}$)":[43],"as":[44],"threshold":[46],"{TH}}$)":[49],"single":[52],"MOS":[53],"transistor,":[54],"i.e.,$\\text{V}_{\\mathrm":[55],"{DD}}$=$\\text{V}_{\\mathrm":[56],"{TH}}$=":[57],"0.5":[58],"V,":[59],"while":[60],"offering":[61],"nano":[62],"power":[63,196],"consumption":[64],"(31.3":[65],"nW":[66],"15":[68,116],"nA":[69],"nominal":[70],"setting":[71,152],"current).":[72],"Using":[73],"processing":[82],"enables":[83],"extending":[84],"lifetime":[86],"applications":[88],"that":[89],"are":[90],"powered":[91],"by":[92,150,161],"battery":[93],"or":[94],"energy":[95],"harvesting":[96],"sources.":[97],"has":[100,123],"54.7":[102],"dB":[103,193],"gain,":[106],"6.18":[107],"kHz":[108],"gain":[109,134,157],"bandwidth":[110],"75\u00b0":[112],"phase":[113],"margin":[114],"at":[115],"pF":[117],"load":[118],"capacitance.":[119],"proposed":[121],"been":[124],"used":[125],"to":[126],"realize":[127],"bandpass":[129],"filter":[130],"(BPF)":[131],"adjustable":[133,148],"electrocardiogram":[136],"(ECG)":[137],"signal":[138],"higher":[141],"cutoff":[142],"BPF":[146,171,205],"is":[147,172,191,201],"electronically":[149],"current":[153],"BPF\u2019s":[156],"can":[158],"be":[159],"adjusted":[160],"capacitors":[162],"value.":[163],"total":[165],"harmonic":[166],"distortion":[167],"(THD)":[168],"\u221253.56":[173],"dB,":[174],"input":[176],"integrated":[177],"input-referred":[178],"noise":[180],"is$17.9":[181],"\\mu":[182,213],"\\text{V}_{\\mathrm":[183],"{rms}}$,":[184],"common":[186],"mode":[187],"rejection":[188,198],"ratio":[189,199],"(CMRR)":[190],"75":[192],"(PSRR)":[200],"87.7":[202],"dB.":[203],"was":[206],"designed":[207],"Cadence":[210],"program":[211],"using$0.18":[212],"\\text{m}$CMOS":[214],"technology":[215],"from":[216],"TSMC.":[217],"simulation":[219],"results":[220],"agree":[221],"presented":[224],"theory.":[225]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-08-11T07:18:39.950985","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}