{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4377862096","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2023.3278800","title":"Automated Explainable Detection of Cyclic Alternating Pattern (CAP) Phases and Sub-Phases Using Wavelet-Based Single-Channel EEG Signals","display_name":"Automated Explainable Detection of Cyclic Alternating Pattern (CAP) Phases and Sub-Phases Using Wavelet-Based Single-Channel EEG Signals","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4377862096","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2023.3278800"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2023.3278800","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2023.3278800","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/10005208/10132390.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/10005208/10132390.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5057990837","display_name":"Manish Sharma","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2266-5332"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3130511786","display_name":"Institute of Infrastructure Technology Research and Management","ror":"https://ror.org/059me1x50","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3130511786"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Manish Sharma","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Science Engineering, Institute of Infrastructure, Technology, Research and Management (IITRAM), Ahmedabad, India"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Science Engineering, Institute of Infrastructure, Technology, Research and Management (IITRAM), Ahmedabad, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3130511786"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5078248555","display_name":"Harsh Lodhi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8691-5564"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3130511786","display_name":"Institute of Infrastructure Technology Research and Management","ror":"https://ror.org/059me1x50","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3130511786"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Harsh Lodhi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Science Engineering, Institute of Infrastructure, Technology, Research and Management (IITRAM), Ahmedabad, India"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8691-5564","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Science Engineering, Institute of Infrastructure, Technology, Research and Management (IITRAM), Ahmedabad, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3130511786"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5035495095","display_name":"Rishita Yadav","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3130511786","display_name":"Institute of Infrastructure Technology Research and Management","ror":"https://ror.org/059me1x50","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3130511786"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rishita Yadav","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Science Engineering, Institute of Infrastructure, Technology, Research and Management (IITRAM), Ahmedabad, India"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Science Engineering, Institute of Infrastructure, Technology, Research and Management (IITRAM), Ahmedabad, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3130511786"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5011702834","display_name":"Niranjana Sampathila","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3345-360X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I164861460","display_name":"Manipal Academy of Higher Education","ror":"https://ror.org/02xzytt36","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I164861460"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Niranjana Sampathila","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Biomedical Engineering, Manipal Institute of Technology, Manipal Academy of Higher Education (MAHE), Manipal, India"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3345-360X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Biomedical Engineering, Manipal Institute of Technology, Manipal Academy of Higher Education (MAHE), Manipal, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I164861460"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5039481782","display_name":"K. S. Swathi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9468-548X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I164861460","display_name":"Manipal Academy of Higher Education","ror":"https://ror.org/02xzytt36","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I164861460"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"K. S. Swathi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Prasanna School of Public Health, Manipal Academy of Higher Education (MAHE), Manipal, India"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9468-548X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Prasanna School of Public Health, Manipal Academy of Higher Education (MAHE), Manipal, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I164861460"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5074179735","display_name":"U. Rajendra Acharya","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2689-8552"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I185523456","display_name":"University of Southern Queensland","ror":"https://ror.org/04sjbnx57","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I185523456"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"U. Rajendra Acharya","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Mathematics, Physics and Computing, University of Southern Queensland, Springfield Central, QLD, Australia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Mathematics, Physics and Computing, University of Southern Queensland, Springfield Central, QLD, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I185523456"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":3.1956,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":21,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.92261408,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"11","issue":null,"first_page":"50946","last_page":"50961"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10429","display_name":"EEG and Brain-Computer Interfaces","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10429","display_name":"EEG and Brain-Computer Interfaces","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11021","display_name":"ECG Monitoring and Analysis","score":0.9952999949455261,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2705","display_name":"Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10581","display_name":"Neural dynamics and brain function","score":0.9927999973297119,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wavelet","display_name":"Wavelet","score":0.6377810835838318},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electroencephalography","display_name":"Electroencephalography","score":0.5983376502990723},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.553435742855072},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/channel","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","score":0.5295736789703369},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5187247395515442},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.4241354763507843},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/speech-recognition","display_name":"Speech recognition","score":0.4038040041923523},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.32810378074645996},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/materials-science","display_name":"Materials science","score":0.3228822350502014},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.10788136720657349},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/neuroscience","display_name":"Neuroscience","score":0.06051364541053772},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychology","display_name":"Psychology","score":0.058682918548583984}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47432892","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q831390","display_name":"Wavelet","level":2,"score":0.6377810835838318},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C522805319","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q179965","display_name":"Electroencephalography","level":2,"score":0.5983376502990723},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.553435742855072},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127162648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16858953","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","level":2,"score":0.5295736789703369},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5187247395515442},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.4241354763507843},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28490314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189436","display_name":"Speech recognition","level":1,"score":0.4038040041923523},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.32810378074645996},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.3228822350502014},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.10788136720657349},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169760540","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207011","display_name":"Neuroscience","level":1,"score":0.06051364541053772},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.058682918548583984}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2023.3278800","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2023.3278800","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/10005208/10132390.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:b8be6af8aea44c2bb56266d749bc6f6b","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/b8be6af8aea44c2bb56266d749bc6f6b","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 11, Pp 50946-50961 (2023)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2023.3278800","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2023.3278800","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/10005208/10132390.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4377862096.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4377862096.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":57,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1970593689","https://openalex.org/W1975128774","https://openalex.org/W1975130162","https://openalex.org/W1981156516","https://openalex.org/W1981376770","https://openalex.org/W1998532378","https://openalex.org/W2029718020","https://openalex.org/W2074677039","https://openalex.org/W2100260657","https://openalex.org/W2103235295","https://openalex.org/W2134050473","https://openalex.org/W2151487996","https://openalex.org/W2154233447","https://openalex.org/W2176347126","https://openalex.org/W2232157279","https://openalex.org/W2266022344","https://openalex.org/W2271361479","https://openalex.org/W2295539203","https://openalex.org/W2417565876","https://openalex.org/W2487010110","https://openalex.org/W2536451065","https://openalex.org/W2556445044","https://openalex.org/W2558317411","https://openalex.org/W2745329820","https://openalex.org/W2791419972","https://openalex.org/W2795657619","https://openalex.org/W2836333270","https://openalex.org/W2885642377","https://openalex.org/W2890628112","https://openalex.org/W2912453743","https://openalex.org/W2915196348","https://openalex.org/W2941208518","https://openalex.org/W2943501917","https://openalex.org/W2965743638","https://openalex.org/W2967756208","https://openalex.org/W2972472681","https://openalex.org/W2974652413","https://openalex.org/W2984432114","https://openalex.org/W3000003930","https://openalex.org/W3004502489","https://openalex.org/W3010279674","https://openalex.org/W3011654399","https://openalex.org/W3013149459","https://openalex.org/W3044458085","https://openalex.org/W3111722905","https://openalex.org/W3120897863","https://openalex.org/W3158055164","https://openalex.org/W3176277941","https://openalex.org/W3177008126","https://openalex.org/W3192349327","https://openalex.org/W4213204904","https://openalex.org/W4214523663","https://openalex.org/W4229457159","https://openalex.org/W4247336441","https://openalex.org/W4295428959","https://openalex.org/W4297399257","https://openalex.org/W6717061309"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2922348724","https://openalex.org/W200322357","https://openalex.org/W2130428257","https://openalex.org/W4308951944","https://openalex.org/W2057366091","https://openalex.org/W4312960290","https://openalex.org/W2049513647","https://openalex.org/W2988848585","https://openalex.org/W4233722919","https://openalex.org/W2382174632"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Sleep":[0],"is":[1,27,64,81,105,112,121,197,238],"a":[2,65,84,122,142,254,288,329],"crucial":[3,52],"component":[4],"of":[5,13,19,24,56,86,96,101,212,258,292,337],"health":[6],"and":[7,16,47,79,93,115,163,207,233,244,263,268,275,283,297,302,309],"well-being.":[8],"It":[9],"maintains":[10],"the":[11,14,32,54,75,131,183,188,335],"metabolism":[12],"body":[15],"covers":[17],"one-third":[18],"total":[20],"life.":[21],"The":[22,98,170,195,235,250,320],"assessment":[23],"sleep":[25,34,58,78,87,109,193,213,325,331],"quality":[26,332],"typically":[28],"done":[29,106],"by":[30,108],"evaluating":[31],"macrostructure-based":[33],"stages,":[35],"however,":[36],"it":[37,80],"does":[38],"not":[39],"take":[40],"into":[41,182],"account":[42],"transient":[43,48],"phenomena":[44],"like":[45],"K-complexes":[46],"fluctuations,":[49],"which":[50,111],"are":[51],"for":[53,124,140,156,260,270,279,294,304],"diagnosis":[55],"various":[57],"disorders.":[59],"Cyclic":[60],"alternating":[61],"pattern":[62],"(CAP)":[63],"recurrent":[66],"physiological":[67],"electroencephalogram":[68],"(EEG)":[69],"activity":[70],"that":[71,88,128],"takes":[72],"place":[73],"in":[74],"brain":[76],"during":[77],"considered":[82],"as":[83],"microstructure":[85,336],"can":[89,129],"provide":[90,180],"more":[91],"accurate":[92],"relevant":[94],"evaluation":[95],"sleep.":[97,338],"traditional":[99],"way":[100],"CAP":[102,158,192],"phase":[103],"division":[104],"manually":[107],"specialists,":[110],"sensitive,":[113],"time-consuming,":[114],"prone":[116],"to":[117,179,327],"inaccuracies.":[118],"Hence,":[119],"there":[120],"need":[123],"automated":[125],"detection":[126],"techniques":[127],"solve":[130],"problems.":[132],"This":[133,185],"study":[134,171,186],"proposes":[135],"an":[136],"automated,":[137],"computerized":[138],"approach":[139],"developing":[141],"machine":[143],"learning":[144],"model":[145,196,252,286],"with":[146,209],"explainable":[147],"artificial":[148],"intelligence":[149],"(XAI)":[150],"capabilities,":[151],"using":[152,199,240,334],"wavelet-based":[153],"Hjorth":[154],"parameters":[155],"classifying":[157,280],"A":[159,165,282,315],"&":[160],"B":[161],"phases":[162,164,281],"sub-phases":[166],"(A1,":[167,317],"A2,":[168,318],"A3).":[169,319],"utilizes":[172],"SHAP":[173],"(SHapley":[174],"Additive":[175],"exPlanations)-based":[176],"feature":[177],"ranking":[178],"insights":[181],"model.":[184],"uses":[187],"publicly":[189],"accessible":[190],"Physionet":[191],"database.":[194],"developed":[198],"single-channel":[200],"standardized":[201],"EEG":[202],"recordings":[203],"from":[204],"healthy":[205,261,295],"subjects":[206,262,277,296],"patients":[208],"five":[210],"types":[211],"disorders,":[214],"namely,":[215],"insomnia,":[216],"nocturnal":[217],"frontal":[218],"lobe":[219],"epilepsy":[220],"(NFLE),":[221],"periodic":[222],"leg":[223],"movement":[224,229],"disorder":[225,231],"(PLM),":[226],"rapid":[227],"eye":[228],"behavior":[230],"(RBD)":[232],"narcolepsy.":[234],"best":[236],"performance":[237],"obtained":[239],"k-nearest":[241],"neighbors":[242],"(KNN)":[243],"ensemble":[245],"bagged":[246],"trees":[247],"(EbagT)":[248],"classifiers.":[249],"proposed":[251,321],"achieved":[253,287],"average":[255,289],"classification":[256,290],"accuracy":[257,291],"91.6%":[259],"94.33%,":[264],"86.3%,":[265],"88.68%,":[266],"84.43%,":[267],"88.5%":[269],"narcolepsy,":[271,305],"RBD,":[272,306],"PLM,":[273,307],"NFLE,":[274,308],"insomnia":[276,310],"respectively,":[278],"B.":[284],"Our":[285],"92.85%":[293],"93.9%,":[298],"84.9%,":[299],"88.0%,":[300],"80.92%,":[301],"89.41%":[303],"subjects,":[311],"respectively":[312],"while":[313],"categorizing":[314],"subphases":[316],"method":[322],"may":[323],"help":[324],"experts":[326],"examine":[328],"person\u2019s":[330],"automatically":[333]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-03-27T05:58:40.876381","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
