{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4376602827","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2023.3276476","title":"Mitigating Software Integrity Attacks With Trusted Computing in a Time Distribution Network","display_name":"Mitigating Software Integrity Attacks With Trusted Computing in a Time Distribution Network","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4376602827","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2023.3276476"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2023.3276476","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2023.3276476","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/10005208/10124737.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/10005208/10124737.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5015963162","display_name":"Diana Berbecaru","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1930-9473"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I177477856","display_name":"Politecnico di Torino","ror":"https://ror.org/00bgk9508","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I177477856"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Diana Gratiela Berbecaru","raw_affiliation_strings":["Dipartimento di Automatica e Informatica, Politecnico di Torino, Torino, Italy"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dipartimento di Automatica e Informatica, Politecnico di Torino, Torino, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I177477856"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5079634354","display_name":"Silvia Sisinni","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1870-6303"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I177477856","display_name":"Politecnico di Torino","ror":"https://ror.org/00bgk9508","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I177477856"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Silvia Sisinni","raw_affiliation_strings":["Dipartimento di Automatica e Informatica, Politecnico di Torino, Torino, Italy"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dipartimento di Automatica e Informatica, Politecnico di Torino, Torino, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I177477856"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5071208401","display_name":"Antonio Lioy","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5669-9338"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I177477856","display_name":"Politecnico di Torino","ror":"https://ror.org/00bgk9508","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I177477856"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Antonio Lioy","raw_affiliation_strings":["Dipartimento di Automatica e Informatica, Politecnico di Torino, Torino, Italy"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dipartimento di Automatica e Informatica, Politecnico di Torino, Torino, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I177477856"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5081523221","display_name":"Benoit Rat","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9223-7395"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210108224","display_name":"Seven Solutions (Spain)","ror":"https://ror.org/01y2qzf06","country_code":"ES","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210108224"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Benoit Rat","raw_affiliation_strings":["Seven Solutions (Currently Orolia Spain), Granada, Spain"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Seven Solutions (Currently Orolia Spain), Granada, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210108224"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5067515541","display_name":"Davide Margaria","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5275-2138"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210155299","display_name":"LINKS Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/059r3nh67","country_code":"IT","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210155299"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Davide Margaria","raw_affiliation_strings":["LINKS Foundation, Torino, Italy"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"LINKS Foundation, Torino, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210155299"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5027881506","display_name":"Andrea Vesco","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7431-6655"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210155299","display_name":"LINKS Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/059r3nh67","country_code":"IT","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210155299"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Andrea Vesco","raw_affiliation_strings":["LINKS Foundation, Torino, Italy"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"LINKS Foundation, Torino, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210155299"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5015963162"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I177477856"],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":1.725,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":10,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.87232757,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"11","issue":null,"first_page":"50510","last_page":"50527"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11424","display_name":"Security and Verification in Computing","score":0.9965999722480774,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11424","display_name":"Security and Verification in Computing","score":0.9965999722480774,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12122","display_name":"Physical Unclonable Functions (PUFs) and Hardware Security","score":0.9921000003814697,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1708","display_name":"Hardware and Architecture"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11614","display_name":"Cloud Data Security Solutions","score":0.9908999800682068,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8283424377441406},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/exploit","display_name":"Exploit","score":0.7828384637832642},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/testbed","display_name":"Testbed","score":0.6463021636009216},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/trusted-platform-module","display_name":"Trusted Platform Module","score":0.5635533928871155},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/trusted-computing","display_name":"Trusted Computing","score":0.5563861727714539},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cloud-computing","display_name":"Cloud computing","score":0.5539205074310303},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software","display_name":"Software","score":0.48320329189300537},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/embedded-system","display_name":"Embedded system","score":0.4719252586364746},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/synchronization","display_name":"Synchronization (alternating current)","score":0.4655070900917053},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cryptography","display_name":"Cryptography","score":0.44054919481277466},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/atomicity","display_name":"Atomicity","score":0.4256126880645752},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.4186609387397766},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/distributed-computing","display_name":"Distributed computing","score":0.3712434768676758},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operating-system","display_name":"Operating system","score":0.3648076057434082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.33666491508483887}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8283424377441406},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165696696","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11287","display_name":"Exploit","level":2,"score":0.7828384637832642},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31395832","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1318674","display_name":"Testbed","level":2,"score":0.6463021636009216},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C202775310","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1140366","display_name":"Trusted Platform Module","level":2,"score":0.5635533928871155},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776831232","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q966812","display_name":"Trusted Computing","level":2,"score":0.5563861727714539},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79974875","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q483639","display_name":"Cloud computing","level":2,"score":0.5539205074310303},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777904410","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7397","display_name":"Software","level":2,"score":0.48320329189300537},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149635348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193040","display_name":"Embedded system","level":1,"score":0.4719252586364746},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778562939","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1298791","display_name":"Synchronization (alternating current)","level":3,"score":0.4655070900917053},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178489894","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8789","display_name":"Cryptography","level":2,"score":0.44054919481277466},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C188045909","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3306359","display_name":"Atomicity","level":3,"score":0.4256126880645752},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.4186609387397766},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.3712434768676758},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.3648076057434082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.33666491508483887},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127162648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16858953","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C75949130","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q848010","display_name":"Database transaction","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2023.3276476","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2023.3276476","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/10005208/10124737.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:7ed6265dde4640cc81ec8460f3255ecc","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/7ed6265dde4640cc81ec8460f3255ecc","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 11, Pp 50510-50527 (2023)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2023.3276476","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2023.3276476","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/10005208/10124737.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2363074343","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"101004261","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320300","funder_display_name":"European Commission"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4241352081","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"101004261","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320306","funder_display_name":"European GNSS Agency"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8051717526","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Grant","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320300","funder_display_name":"European Commission"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8318064016","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Horizon","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320300","funder_display_name":"European Commission"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320300","display_name":"European Commission","ror":"https://ror.org/00k4n6c32"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320306","display_name":"European GNSS Agency","ror":null},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335254","display_name":"Horizon 2020","ror":null}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4376602827.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4376602827.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":62,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1504669610","https://openalex.org/W1543208993","https://openalex.org/W1589335325","https://openalex.org/W1877570691","https://openalex.org/W1990336694","https://openalex.org/W2024920884","https://openalex.org/W2044257043","https://openalex.org/W2059449333","https://openalex.org/W2092777085","https://openalex.org/W2099613071","https://openalex.org/W2130677190","https://openalex.org/W2157549033","https://openalex.org/W2282232246","https://openalex.org/W2288632536","https://openalex.org/W2294935184","https://openalex.org/W2320204756","https://openalex.org/W2337871897","https://openalex.org/W2343448572","https://openalex.org/W2346154054","https://openalex.org/W2412789183","https://openalex.org/W2559755452","https://openalex.org/W2579383323","https://openalex.org/W2608186989","https://openalex.org/W2739326516","https://openalex.org/W2751870338","https://openalex.org/W2752040793","https://openalex.org/W2752217602","https://openalex.org/W2755997448","https://openalex.org/W2790916133","https://openalex.org/W2845325103","https://openalex.org/W2904289843","https://openalex.org/W2910711617","https://openalex.org/W2915352631","https://openalex.org/W2946706800","https://openalex.org/W2969761941","https://openalex.org/W2982295284","https://openalex.org/W3009071417","https://openalex.org/W3028512231","https://openalex.org/W3042975022","https://openalex.org/W3046470172","https://openalex.org/W3082461168","https://openalex.org/W3082951585","https://openalex.org/W3132594723","https://openalex.org/W3157739973","https://openalex.org/W3194601618","https://openalex.org/W3197177224","https://openalex.org/W3207050365","https://openalex.org/W4213154881","https://openalex.org/W4220670974","https://openalex.org/W4280616124","https://openalex.org/W4285248649","https://openalex.org/W4287775771","https://openalex.org/W4296104292","https://openalex.org/W4308427732","https://openalex.org/W4327778747","https://openalex.org/W4390577952","https://openalex.org/W6629953387","https://openalex.org/W6766646108","https://openalex.org/W6778264161","https://openalex.org/W6781891907","https://openalex.org/W6839809757","https://openalex.org/W6849721820"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2354645290","https://openalex.org/W2168345601","https://openalex.org/W2390768934","https://openalex.org/W2355956995","https://openalex.org/W1497930374","https://openalex.org/W2059626797","https://openalex.org/W2695299078","https://openalex.org/W2374998183","https://openalex.org/W133745092","https://openalex.org/W2386609167"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Time":[0],"Distribution":[1],"Networks":[2],"(TDNs)":[3],"evolve":[4],"as":[5,61],"new":[6],"technologies":[7],"occur":[8],"to":[9,53,134,153,184,227],"ensure":[10],"more":[11,261],"accurate,":[12,263],"reliable,":[13],"and":[14,77,114,148,165,232,264],"secure":[15,265],"timing":[16,35,41,80],"information.":[17],"These":[18],"networks":[19],"typically":[20],"exploit":[21,108,130],"several":[22],"distributed":[23],"time":[24,100,104,146,193,216,266],"servers,":[25],"organized":[26],"in":[27,56,73,210,235],"a":[28,93,151,199,205],"master-slave":[29],"architecture,":[30],"that":[31,107,229,249],"communicate":[32],"via":[33],"dedicated":[34,206],"protocols.":[36],"From":[37],"the":[38,75,88,158,168,181,187,192,211,236],"security":[39],"perspective,":[40],"data":[42,81],"must":[43,70],"be":[44,71],"protected":[45],"since":[46],"its":[47,83],"modification":[48],"or":[49,65,111],"filtering":[50],"can":[51],"lead":[52],"grave":[54],"consequences":[55],"different":[57],"time-based":[58],"contexts,":[59],"such":[60],"health,":[62],"energy,":[63],"finance,":[64],"transportation.":[66],"Thus,":[67],"adequate":[68],"countermeasures":[69],"employed":[72],"all":[74],"stages":[76],"systems":[78],"handling":[79],"from":[82,198,219],"calculation":[84],"until":[85],"it":[86],"reaches":[87],"final":[89],"users.":[90],"We":[91,138,172],"consider":[92],"TDN":[94,258],"offering":[95],"highly":[96],"accurate":[97],"(nanosecond":[98],"level)":[99],"synchronization":[101,267],"through":[102],"specific":[103],"unit":[105,217],"devices":[106,122,194,218],"terrestrial":[109],"atomic":[110],"rubidium":[112],"clocks":[113],"Global":[115],"Navigation":[116],"Satellite":[117],"Systems":[118],"(GNSS)":[119],"receivers.":[120],"Such":[121],"are":[123],"appealing":[124],"targets":[125],"for":[126,177,245],"attackers,":[127],"who":[128],"might":[129],"various":[131],"attack":[132],"vectors":[133],"compromise":[135],"their":[136,196],"functionality.":[137],"individuate":[139],"three":[140],"possible":[141],"software":[142,176,188],"integrity":[143],"attacks":[144,248],"against":[145],"devices,":[147],"we":[149],"propose":[150],"solution":[152],"counter":[154],"them":[155],"by":[156,167],"exploiting":[157,230],"cryptographic":[159],"Trusted":[160,169],"Platform":[161],"Module":[162],"(TPM),":[163],"defined":[164],"supported":[166],"Computing":[170],"Group.":[171],"used":[173],"remote":[174,233],"attestation":[175,234],"cloud":[178],"environments,":[179],"namely":[180],"Keylime":[182],"framework,":[183],"verify":[185],"(periodically)":[186],"daemons":[189],"running":[190],"on":[191,204],"(or":[195],"configuration)":[197],"trusted":[200],"node.":[201],"Experiments":[202],"performed":[203],"testbed":[207],"set":[208],"up":[209],"ROOT":[212],"project":[213],"with":[214],"customized":[215],"Seven":[220],"Solutions":[221],"(currently":[222],"Orolia":[223],"Spain)":[224],"allow":[225],"us":[226],"demonstrate":[228],"TPMs":[231],"TDNs":[237],"is":[238,243],"not":[239],"only":[240],"helpful":[241],"but":[242],"fundamental":[244],"discovering":[246],"some":[247],"would":[250],"remain":[251],"otherwise":[252],"undetected.":[253],"Our":[254],"work":[255],"helps":[256],"thus":[257],"operators":[259],"build":[260],"robust,":[262],"services.":[268]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-04-13T07:58:08.660418","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
