{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4381562726","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2023.3275964","title":"Developing Novel Robust Loss Functions-Based Classification Layers for DLLSTM Neural Networks","display_name":"Developing Novel Robust Loss Functions-Based Classification Layers for DLLSTM Neural Networks","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4381562726","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2023.3275964"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2023.3275964","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2023.3275964","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/10005208/10124197.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/10005208/10124197.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5068287117","display_name":"Mohamad Abou Houran","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7923-4026"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I87445476","display_name":"Xi'an Jiaotong University","ror":"https://ror.org/017zhmm22","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I87445476"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mohamad Abou Houran","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical Engineering, Xi&#x2019;an Jiaotong University, Xi&#x2019;an, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7923-4026","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical Engineering, Xi&#x2019;an Jiaotong University, Xi&#x2019;an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I87445476"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5078661319","display_name":"Mohamed H. Essai","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0929-7053"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I184834183","display_name":"Al-Azhar University","ror":"https://ror.org/05fnp1145","country_code":"EG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I184834183"]}],"countries":["EG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mohamed H. Essai Ali","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Al-Azhar University, Qena, Egypt"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0929-7053","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Al-Azhar University, Qena, Egypt","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I184834183"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5092229425","display_name":"Adel B. Abdel-Raman","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I189575948","display_name":"South Valley University","ror":"https://ror.org/00jxshx33","country_code":"EG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I189575948"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I32619867","display_name":"Egypt-Japan University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/02x66tk73","country_code":"EG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I32619867"]}],"countries":["EG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Adel B. Abdel-Raman","raw_affiliation_strings":["Electrical Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, South Valley University, Qena, Egypt","Department of Electronics and Communications Engineering (ECE), Egypt-Japan University of Science and Technology, Alexandria, Egypt"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Electrical Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, South Valley University, Qena, Egypt","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I189575948"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronics and Communications Engineering (ECE), Egypt-Japan University of Science and Technology, Alexandria, Egypt","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I32619867"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Eman A. Badry","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2378-6301"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210120363","display_name":"Higher Institute of Engineering","ror":"https://ror.org/02pyw9g57","country_code":"EG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210120363"]}],"countries":["EG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Eman A. Badry","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Communication Engineering, Higher Institute of Engineering and Technology at Al-Tod, Luxor, Egypt"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2378-6301","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Communication Engineering, Higher Institute of Engineering and Technology at Al-Tod, Luxor, Egypt","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210120363"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5049430925","display_name":"Alaaeldien Hassan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0303-2270"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I189575948","display_name":"South Valley University","ror":"https://ror.org/00jxshx33","country_code":"EG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I189575948"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I87445476","display_name":"Xi'an Jiaotong University","ror":"https://ror.org/017zhmm22","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I87445476"]}],"countries":["CN","EG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Alaaeldien Hassan","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical Engineering, Xi&#x2019;an Jiaotong University, Xi&#x2019;an, China","Electrical Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, South Valley University, Qena, Egypt"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0303-2270","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical Engineering, Xi&#x2019;an Jiaotong University, Xi&#x2019;an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I87445476"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Electrical Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, South Valley University, Qena, Egypt","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I189575948"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5059160929","display_name":"Hany A. Atallah","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5541-2326"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I189575948","display_name":"South Valley University","ror":"https://ror.org/00jxshx33","country_code":"EG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I189575948"]}],"countries":["EG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hany A. Atallah","raw_affiliation_strings":["Electrical Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, South Valley University, Qena, Egypt"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5541-2326","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Electrical Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, South Valley University, Qena, Egypt","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I189575948"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":0.7856,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":6,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.76794843,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"11","issue":null,"first_page":"49863","last_page":"49873"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10320","display_name":"Neural Networks and Applications","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10320","display_name":"Neural Networks and Applications","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12676","display_name":"Machine Learning and ELM","score":0.9987999796867371,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12131","display_name":"Wireless Signal Modulation Classification","score":0.998199999332428,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/notation","display_name":"Notation","score":0.7099215984344482},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-neural-network","display_name":"Artificial neural network","score":0.5594019293785095},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/function","display_name":"Function (biology)","score":0.5483083724975586},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.4663127362728119},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.43140920996665955},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.4294363856315613},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.4291017949581146},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/convergence","display_name":"Convergence (economics)","score":0.42070814967155457},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mean-squared-error","display_name":"Mean squared error","score":0.4152239263057709},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/discrete-mathematics","display_name":"Discrete mathematics","score":0.3759254813194275},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algebra-over-a-field","display_name":"Algebra over a field","score":0.3348551392555237},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pure-mathematics","display_name":"Pure mathematics","score":0.22751155495643616},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/arithmetic","display_name":"Arithmetic","score":0.2136516571044922},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistics","display_name":"Statistics","score":0.18738332390785217}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45357846","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2001982","display_name":"Notation","level":2,"score":0.7099215984344482},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.5594019293785095},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C14036430","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3736076","display_name":"Function (biology)","level":2,"score":0.5483083724975586},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.4663127362728119},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.43140920996665955},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.4294363856315613},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.4291017949581146},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777303404","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q759757","display_name":"Convergence (economics)","level":2,"score":0.42070814967155457},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C139945424","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1940696","display_name":"Mean squared error","level":2,"score":0.4152239263057709},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118615104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q121416","display_name":"Discrete mathematics","level":1,"score":0.3759254813194275},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136119220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1000660","display_name":"Algebra over a field","level":2,"score":0.3348551392555237},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C202444582","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q837863","display_name":"Pure mathematics","level":1,"score":0.22751155495643616},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94375191","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11205","display_name":"Arithmetic","level":1,"score":0.2136516571044922},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.18738332390785217},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78458016","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q840400","display_name":"Evolutionary biology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50522688","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189833","display_name":"Economic growth","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2023.3275964","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2023.3275964","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/10005208/10124197.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:b6e383cfa5144783a30e85c3adb3d8c3","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/b6e383cfa5144783a30e85c3adb3d8c3","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 11, Pp 49863-49873 (2023)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2023.3275964","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2023.3275964","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/10005208/10124197.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5292012328","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"52150410418","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4381562726.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4381562726.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":41,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W150571132","https://openalex.org/W1591801644","https://openalex.org/W1970262304","https://openalex.org/W2042144603","https://openalex.org/W2045101371","https://openalex.org/W2064675550","https://openalex.org/W2106258011","https://openalex.org/W2122585011","https://openalex.org/W2173697373","https://openalex.org/W2238261330","https://openalex.org/W2734408173","https://openalex.org/W2744241569","https://openalex.org/W2765421612","https://openalex.org/W2899663614","https://openalex.org/W2908515980","https://openalex.org/W2942231644","https://openalex.org/W2961231993","https://openalex.org/W2963889719","https://openalex.org/W2994659735","https://openalex.org/W2999092792","https://openalex.org/W3009386672","https://openalex.org/W3010290582","https://openalex.org/W3023212902","https://openalex.org/W3024877706","https://openalex.org/W3120801341","https://openalex.org/W3135094993","https://openalex.org/W3182706339","https://openalex.org/W3193733988","https://openalex.org/W3209677049","https://openalex.org/W4220922170","https://openalex.org/W4251537658","https://openalex.org/W4283208553","https://openalex.org/W4293530401","https://openalex.org/W4295308730","https://openalex.org/W4313573052","https://openalex.org/W4319083788","https://openalex.org/W4321789634","https://openalex.org/W6635446068","https://openalex.org/W6690166442","https://openalex.org/W6755977528","https://openalex.org/W6803020258"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2504004674","https://openalex.org/W1987679298","https://openalex.org/W2963177394","https://openalex.org/W4313359513","https://openalex.org/W2498744856","https://openalex.org/W4390482104","https://openalex.org/W322408318","https://openalex.org/W149041114","https://openalex.org/W1965815883","https://openalex.org/W763418848"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0],"this":[1],"paper,":[2],"we":[3],"suggest":[4],"improving":[5],"the":[6,39,49,63,66,82,90,93,106,109,119,145],"performance":[7,79],"of":[8,65,108,118],"developed":[9],"activation":[10],"function-based":[11],"Deep":[12],"Learning":[13],"Long":[14],"Short-Term":[15],"Memory":[16],"(DLLSTM)":[17],"structures":[18],"by":[19],"employing":[20],"robust":[21],"loss":[22,50,83,86,123,128],"functions":[23,87,129],"like":[24],"Mean":[25],"Absolute":[26],"Error$(MAE)$and":[27],"Sum":[28],"Squared":[29],"Error$(SSE)$to":[30],"create":[31],"new":[32],"classification":[33,36],"layers.":[34],"The":[35,53,113,135],"layer":[37,41],"is":[38,55],"last":[40],"in":[42],"any":[43],"DLLSTM":[44,111],"neural":[45,59],"network":[46,60],"structure":[47],"where":[48],"function":[51],"resides.":[52],"LSTM":[54],"an":[56],"improved":[57],"recurrent":[58],"that":[61,69,116],"fixes":[62],"problem":[64],"vanishing":[67],"gradient":[68],"goes":[70],"away":[71],"and":[72,77,95,130],"other":[73,127],"issues.":[74],"Fast":[75],"convergence":[76],"optimum":[78],"depend":[80],"on":[81],"function.":[84,147],"Three":[85],"(default$(Crossentropyex)$,$(MAE)$and$(SSE))$that":[88],"compute":[89],"error":[91],"between":[92],"actual":[94],"desired":[96],"output":[97],"for":[98],"two":[99],"distinct":[100],"applications":[101],"were":[102],"used":[103],"to":[104],"examine":[105],"effectiveness":[107],"suggested":[110,120,136],"classifier.":[112],"results":[114],"show":[115],"one":[117],"classifiers\u2019":[121],"specific":[122],"functions$(SSE))$works":[124],"better":[125],"than":[126,144],"does":[131],"a":[132],"great":[133],"job.":[134],"functions$Softsign$,":[137],"Modified-Elliott,":[138],"Root-sig,":[139],"Bi-tanh1,":[140],"Bi-tanh2,$Sech$and$wave$are":[141],"more":[142],"accurate":[143],"tanh":[146]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-07-29T09:40:50.615796","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
