{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4382298042","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2023.3275170","title":"Phase Matching in Microstructured Lithium Niobate on Insulator Waveguides","display_name":"Phase Matching in Microstructured Lithium Niobate on Insulator Waveguides","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4382298042","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2023.3275170"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2023.3275170","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/access.2023.3275170","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/10005208/10122962.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/10005208/10122962.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5031103501","display_name":"Nor Roshidah Yusof","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8019-0024"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I65079550","display_name":"Universiti Malaysia Perlis","ror":"https://ror.org/00xmkb790","country_code":"MY","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I65079550"]}],"countries":["MY"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nor Roshidah Yusof","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Electronic Engineering Technology, Universiti Malaysia Perlis, Arau, Perlis, Malaysia","Advanced Communication Engineering Centre of Excellent, UniMAP, Arau, Perlis, Malaysia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Electronic Engineering Technology, Universiti Malaysia Perlis, Arau, Perlis, Malaysia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I65079550"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Advanced Communication Engineering Centre of Excellent, UniMAP, Arau, Perlis, Malaysia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I65079550"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5055119053","display_name":"Norshamsuri Ali","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9348-0714"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I65079550","display_name":"Universiti Malaysia Perlis","ror":"https://ror.org/00xmkb790","country_code":"MY","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I65079550"]}],"countries":["MY"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Norshamsuri Ali","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Electronic Engineering Technology, Universiti Malaysia Perlis, Arau, Perlis, Malaysia","Advanced Communication Engineering Centre of Excellent, UniMAP, Arau, Perlis, Malaysia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9348-0714","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Electronic Engineering Technology, Universiti Malaysia Perlis, Arau, Perlis, Malaysia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I65079550"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Advanced Communication Engineering Centre of Excellent, UniMAP, Arau, Perlis, Malaysia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I65079550"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5073121229","display_name":"Piotr Kolenderski","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2478-2417"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3019271933","display_name":"Nicolaus Copernicus University","ror":"https://ror.org/0102mm775","country_code":"PL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3019271933"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210086947","display_name":"Institute of Physics","ror":"https://ror.org/000sfad56","country_code":"PL","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210086947","https://openalex.org/I99542240"]}],"countries":["PL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Piotr Kolenderski","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Physics, Astronomy and Informatics, Institute of Physics, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Toru&#x0144;, Poland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Physics, Astronomy and Informatics, Institute of Physics, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Toru&#x0144;, Poland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210086947","https://openalex.org/I3019271933"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5044528120","display_name":"Karolina S\u0142owik","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1314-7004"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3019271933","display_name":"Nicolaus Copernicus University","ror":"https://ror.org/0102mm775","country_code":"PL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3019271933"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210086947","display_name":"Institute of Physics","ror":"https://ror.org/000sfad56","country_code":"PL","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210086947","https://openalex.org/I99542240"]}],"countries":["PL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Karolina S\u0142owik","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Physics, Astronomy and Informatics, Institute of Physics, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Toru&#x0144;, Poland"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1314-7004","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Physics, Astronomy and Informatics, Institute of Physics, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Toru&#x0144;, Poland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210086947","https://openalex.org/I3019271933"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5058166130","display_name":"R. Endut","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3659-9740"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I65079550","display_name":"Universiti Malaysia Perlis","ror":"https://ror.org/00xmkb790","country_code":"MY","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I65079550"]}],"countries":["MY"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rosdisham Bin Endut","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Electronic Engineering Technology, Universiti Malaysia Perlis, Arau, Perlis, Malaysia","Advanced Communication Engineering Centre of Excellent, UniMAP, Arau, Perlis, Malaysia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Electronic Engineering Technology, Universiti Malaysia Perlis, Arau, Perlis, Malaysia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I65079550"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Advanced Communication Engineering Centre of Excellent, UniMAP, Arau, Perlis, Malaysia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I65079550"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5048840767","display_name":"S. A. Aljunid","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2739-6220"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I65079550","display_name":"Universiti Malaysia Perlis","ror":"https://ror.org/00xmkb790","country_code":"MY","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I65079550"]}],"countries":["MY"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Syed Alwee Aljunid Syed Junid","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Electronic Engineering Technology, Universiti Malaysia Perlis, Arau, Perlis, Malaysia","Advanced Communication Engineering Centre of Excellent, UniMAP, Arau, Perlis, Malaysia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2739-6220","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Electronic Engineering Technology, Universiti Malaysia Perlis, Arau, Perlis, Malaysia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I65079550"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Advanced Communication Engineering Centre of Excellent, UniMAP, Arau, Perlis, Malaysia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I65079550"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":0.3789,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":2,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.58847118,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"11","issue":null,"first_page":"49035","last_page":"49041"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11050","display_name":"Photorefractive and Nonlinear Optics","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3107","display_name":"Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11050","display_name":"Photorefractive and Nonlinear Optics","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3107","display_name":"Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10988","display_name":"Advanced Fiber Laser Technologies","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3107","display_name":"Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10299","display_name":"Photonic and Optical Devices","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lithium-niobate","display_name":"Lithium niobate","score":0.7863332629203796},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/waveguide","display_name":"Waveguide","score":0.6250186562538147},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/second-harmonic-generation","display_name":"Second-harmonic generation","score":0.44779539108276367},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/photonics","display_name":"Photonics","score":0.4383179247379303},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quasi-phase-matching","display_name":"Quasi-phase-matching","score":0.4290679395198822},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/phase","display_name":"Phase (matter)","score":0.4203374683856964},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nonlinear-system","display_name":"Nonlinear system","score":0.39451098442077637},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optics","display_name":"Optics","score":0.377698689699173},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/materials-science","display_name":"Materials science","score":0.3468981981277466},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nonlinear-optics","display_name":"Nonlinear optics","score":0.3214154839515686},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.3086211085319519},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quantum-mechanics","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","score":0.1250826120376587}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777207636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q424481","display_name":"Lithium niobate","level":2,"score":0.7863332629203796},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C200687136","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11233438","display_name":"Waveguide","level":2,"score":0.6250186562538147},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C30713254","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1455635","display_name":"Second-harmonic generation","level":3,"score":0.44779539108276367},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C20788544","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q467054","display_name":"Photonics","level":2,"score":0.4383179247379303},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C174191939","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7269466","display_name":"Quasi-phase-matching","level":4,"score":0.4290679395198822},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44280652","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q104837","display_name":"Phase (matter)","level":2,"score":0.4203374683856964},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158622935","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q660848","display_name":"Nonlinear system","level":2,"score":0.39451098442077637},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.377698689699173},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.3468981981277466},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78854221","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q756033","display_name":"Nonlinear optics","level":3,"score":0.3214154839515686},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.3086211085319519},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.1250826120376587},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C520434653","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q38867","display_name":"Laser","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2023.3275170","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/access.2023.3275170","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/10005208/10122962.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:4f1287a43d4e4055b243833c361729be","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/4f1287a43d4e4055b243833c361729be","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 11, Pp 49035-49041 (2023)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2023.3275170","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/access.2023.3275170","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/10005208/10122962.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1431573125","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"101070062","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334322","funder_display_name":"HORIZON EUROPE Framework Programme"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3736628415","display_name":"SENSING USING QUANTUM OCT WITH AI","funder_award_id":"101070062","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320300","funder_display_name":"European Commission"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4313204953","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"QUANTERAII/1/21/E2TPA/2023","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335039","funder_display_name":"Narodowe Centrum Bada\u0144 i Rozwoju"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G807912660","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"QUANTERAII/1/21/E2TPA/2023","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320330828","funder_display_name":"QuantERA"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320300","display_name":"European Commission","ror":"https://ror.org/00k4n6c32"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320330828","display_name":"QuantERA","ror":null},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334322","display_name":"HORIZON EUROPE Framework Programme","ror":null},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335039","display_name":"Narodowe Centrum Bada\u0144 i Rozwoju","ror":"https://ror.org/05pwfyy15"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4382298042.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4382298042.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":38,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2015152686","https://openalex.org/W2028687518","https://openalex.org/W2038461950","https://openalex.org/W2038898440","https://openalex.org/W2040473714","https://openalex.org/W2055243425","https://openalex.org/W2076669525","https://openalex.org/W2121503614","https://openalex.org/W2123169815","https://openalex.org/W2161192511","https://openalex.org/W2166307381","https://openalex.org/W2749260831","https://openalex.org/W2793605074","https://openalex.org/W2898302581","https://openalex.org/W2948925219","https://openalex.org/W2950911195","https://openalex.org/W2962687190","https://openalex.org/W2963456800","https://openalex.org/W3006235544","https://openalex.org/W3021779279","https://openalex.org/W3035134244","https://openalex.org/W3092386508","https://openalex.org/W3099853468","https://openalex.org/W3101875047","https://openalex.org/W3104572884","https://openalex.org/W3105208584","https://openalex.org/W3109834426","https://openalex.org/W3112377478","https://openalex.org/W3112779508","https://openalex.org/W3128539297","https://openalex.org/W3130258218","https://openalex.org/W3176959849","https://openalex.org/W3189342376","https://openalex.org/W3200149078","https://openalex.org/W3200423383","https://openalex.org/W3217730633","https://openalex.org/W4200332922","https://openalex.org/W4280650349"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2061989305","https://openalex.org/W1511174613","https://openalex.org/W3165533136","https://openalex.org/W3100862058","https://openalex.org/W3112377478","https://openalex.org/W2734743466","https://openalex.org/W3092631494","https://openalex.org/W2944164026","https://openalex.org/W2587884510","https://openalex.org/W4238161868"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0],"recent":[1],"development":[2],"of":[3,53,76,102,110,122,180],"the":[4,72,77,82,90,108,120,154,161,172,176,192,199],"Lithium":[5,32],"Niobate":[6,33],"on":[7,153],"Insulator":[8],"(LNOI)":[9],"fabrication":[10],"process":[11],"has":[12],"opened":[13],"a":[14,29],"bright":[15],"future":[16],"for":[17,107],"integrating":[18],"ultra-compact":[19],"photonic":[20],"circuits.":[21],"Due":[22],"to":[23,70,169],"its":[24],"excellent":[25],"nonlinear":[26,35],"properties,":[27],"as":[28],"waveguide":[30,69,95,103,124,162,200],"material,":[31],"supports":[34],"optical":[36],"processes":[37],"including":[38,127],"efficient":[39],"sum":[40],"frequency":[41],"generation":[42],"and":[43,56,85,118,143],"second":[44,91],"harmonic":[45,92],"generation.":[46],"To":[47],"enhance":[48],"these":[49],"effects,":[50],"precise":[51],"control":[52],"mode":[54],"confinement":[55],"modal":[57],"phase":[58,155,163],"matching":[59,156,164],"is":[60,105,166,196],"required.":[61],"In":[62],"this":[63],"work,":[64],"we":[65,115],"engineer":[66,117],"an":[67,98],"LNOI":[68],"match":[71],"effective":[73],"refractive":[74],"indices":[75],"fundamental":[78,83],"mode,":[79,87],"TE00":[80],"at":[81,89],"wavelength":[84,194],"second-order":[86],"TE20":[88],"wavelength.":[93],"As":[94],"geometry":[96,125],"plays":[97],"essential":[99],"role,":[100],"optimization":[101],"parameters":[104,126],"crucial":[106],"design":[109],"high-performance,":[111],"feasible":[112],"devices.":[113],"Here,":[114],"numerically":[116],"characterize":[119],"influence":[121],"rib":[123],"etching":[128],"depth,":[129],"<inline-formula":[130,137,146,181],"xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"":[131,138,147,182],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">":[132,139,148,183],"<tex-math":[133,140,149,184],"notation=\"LaTeX\">$D$":[134],"</tex-math></inline-formula>,":[135,191],"width,":[136],"notation=\"LaTeX\">$W$":[141],"</tex-math></inline-formula>":[142,152],"sidewall":[144,173],"angle,":[145],"notation=\"LaTeX\">$\\theta":[150],"$":[151],"condition.":[157],"We":[158],"find":[159],"that":[160],"condition":[165],"most":[167],"susceptible":[168],"variations":[170],"in":[171],"angle.":[174],"For":[175],"optimized":[177],"parameter":[178],"values":[179],"notation=\"LaTeX\">$\\{D,\\theta":[185],"\\}":[186],"=":[187],"\\{450\\,\\mathrm":[188],"{nm},":[189],"10^{o}\\}$":[190],"phase-matching":[193],"tunability":[195],"achieved":[197],"through":[198],"width":[201],"control.":[202]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-06-22T08:00:12.763002","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}