{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4381479943","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2023.3274607","title":"A Complete Online Solution of Harmonic Elimination PWM Method Using Modified-Equilibrium Optimizer-Levenberg- Marquardt Algorithm","display_name":"A Complete Online Solution of Harmonic Elimination PWM Method Using Modified-Equilibrium Optimizer-Levenberg- Marquardt Algorithm","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4381479943","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2023.3274607"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2023.3274607","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2023.3274607","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/10005208/10121774.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/10005208/10121774.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5045634314","display_name":"Abdul Moeed Amjad","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4678-0519"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I16076960","display_name":"COMSATS University Islamabad","ror":"https://ror.org/00nqqvk19","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I16076960"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I166337079","display_name":"Queen Mary University of London","ror":"https://ror.org/026zzn846","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I124357947","https://openalex.org/I166337079"]}],"countries":["GB","PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Abdul Moeed Amjad","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electronic Engineering and Computer Science, Queen Mary University of London, London, U.K","Department of Electrical Engineering, COMSATS University Islamabad, Lahore Campus, Lahore, Pakistan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4678-0519","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronic Engineering and Computer Science, Queen Mary University of London, London, U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I166337079"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, COMSATS University Islamabad, Lahore Campus, Lahore, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I16076960"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5053766019","display_name":"Kamyar Mehran","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9139-0646"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I166337079","display_name":"Queen Mary University of London","ror":"https://ror.org/026zzn846","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I124357947","https://openalex.org/I166337079"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kamyar Mehran","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electronic Engineering and Computer Science, Queen Mary University of London, London, U.K"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9139-0646","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronic Engineering and Computer Science, Queen Mary University of London, London, U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I166337079"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5073564392","display_name":"Shady Gadoue","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6786-3933"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I166337079","display_name":"Queen Mary University of London","ror":"https://ror.org/026zzn846","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I124357947","https://openalex.org/I166337079"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shady Gadoue","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electronic Engineering and Computer Science, Queen Mary University of London, London, U.K"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6786-3933","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronic Engineering and Computer Science, Queen Mary University of London, London, U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I166337079"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":0.5852,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":5,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.65450082,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"11","issue":null,"first_page":"47362","last_page":"47376"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10228","display_name":"Multilevel Inverters and Converters","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10228","display_name":"Multilevel Inverters and Converters","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11102","display_name":"HVDC Systems and Fault Protection","score":0.9983000159263611,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10361","display_name":"Silicon Carbide Semiconductor Technologies","score":0.9940999746322632,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.7657706141471863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/levenberg\u2013marquardt-algorithm","display_name":"Levenberg\u2013Marquardt algorithm","score":0.5728205442428589},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/maxima-and-minima","display_name":"Maxima and minima","score":0.5284072160720825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/convergence","display_name":"Convergence (economics)","score":0.5234172344207764},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.5022807121276855},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.34154367446899414},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.15933257341384888},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-neural-network","display_name":"Artificial neural network","score":0.15726029872894287},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematical-analysis","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","score":0.09951797127723694}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.7657706141471863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C87578567","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1426494","display_name":"Levenberg\u2013Marquardt algorithm","level":3,"score":0.5728205442428589},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C186633575","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q845060","display_name":"Maxima and minima","level":2,"score":0.5284072160720825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777303404","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q759757","display_name":"Convergence (economics)","level":2,"score":0.5234172344207764},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.5022807121276855},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.34154367446899414},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.15933257341384888},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.15726029872894287},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.09951797127723694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50522688","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189833","display_name":"Economic growth","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2023.3274607","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2023.3274607","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/10005208/10121774.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:qmro.qmul.ac.uk:123456789/88501","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://qmro.qmul.ac.uk/xmlui/handle/123456789/88501","pdf_url":"https://qmro.qmul.ac.uk/xmlui/bitstream/123456789/88501/2/Amjad%20A%20Complete%20Online%20Solution%20of%20Harmonic%20Elimination%20PWM%20Method%20Using%20Modified-Equilibrium%20Optimizer-Levenberg-%20Marquardt%20Algorithm%202023%20Published.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400530","display_name":"Queen Mary Research Online (Queen Mary University of London)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I166337079","host_organization_name":"Queen Mary University of London","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I166337079"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:5b36dadc79d542209fa4ee2976a0756e","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/5b36dadc79d542209fa4ee2976a0756e","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 11, Pp 47362-47376 (2023)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2023.3274607","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2023.3274607","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/10005208/10121774.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320311061","display_name":"Queen Mary University of London","ror":"https://ror.org/026zzn846"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322799","display_name":"Higher Education Commission, Pakistan","ror":"https://ror.org/038y3sz68"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4381479943.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4381479943.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":36,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W106246290","https://openalex.org/W414544266","https://openalex.org/W1595159159","https://openalex.org/W1659842140","https://openalex.org/W1977938173","https://openalex.org/W1978636530","https://openalex.org/W1988016841","https://openalex.org/W1990034734","https://openalex.org/W1997600725","https://openalex.org/W2001896405","https://openalex.org/W2061438946","https://openalex.org/W2072955302","https://openalex.org/W2084479716","https://openalex.org/W2109364787","https://openalex.org/W2112638693","https://openalex.org/W2121271034","https://openalex.org/W2137514952","https://openalex.org/W2138537392","https://openalex.org/W2144051602","https://openalex.org/W2588306911","https://openalex.org/W2726592172","https://openalex.org/W2738900493","https://openalex.org/W2746756281","https://openalex.org/W2748136332","https://openalex.org/W2790571178","https://openalex.org/W2985845430","https://openalex.org/W3011568639","https://openalex.org/W3014974411","https://openalex.org/W3094519761","https://openalex.org/W3110947869","https://openalex.org/W3118843541","https://openalex.org/W3119614981","https://openalex.org/W3176395572","https://openalex.org/W3190177792","https://openalex.org/W3201228054","https://openalex.org/W4200031503"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2375684291","https://openalex.org/W2354676191","https://openalex.org/W2909957174","https://openalex.org/W1978671516","https://openalex.org/W3188646203","https://openalex.org/W2105527480","https://openalex.org/W4320035781","https://openalex.org/W1948056752","https://openalex.org/W2368258832","https://openalex.org/W3176299543"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"paper":[1],"proposes":[2],"a":[3,106,204],"novel":[4,114],"online":[5,173,206,230,242],"solution,":[6],"i.e.":[7],"Modified-Equilibrium":[8],"Optimizer-Levenberg-Marquardt":[9],"(M-EO-LM)":[10],"algorithm,":[11,257],"for":[12,45,68,128,171,203],"the":[13,25,34,69,88,94,113,120,125,168,172,187,196,232,236,240,250,255,260],"symmetric":[14],"and":[15,49,101,138,180,217,262],"asymmetric":[16],"harmonic":[17],"elimination":[18],"pulse":[19],"width":[20],"modulation":[21,183],"(HEPWM)":[22],"methods":[23,184],"of":[24,33,71,199,239,254],"modular":[26],"multilevel":[27],"cascaded":[28],"converters.":[29],"A":[30,176],"detailed":[31],"comparison":[32,75,177],"proposed":[35,241],"M-EO-LM":[36,54,115,117,174,233,256],"algorithm":[37,64,118,243,248],"with":[38,76,244],"nine":[39,129],"state-of-the-art":[40,78],"algorithms":[41,79],"is":[42,65,102,192],"also":[43],"presented":[44],"twenty-nine":[46],"unimodal,":[47],"multimodal":[48],"composite":[50],"benchmark":[51],"test":[52],"functions.":[53],"has":[55],"proven":[56],"its":[57,81,98,154],"effectiveness":[58],"by":[59,96,123],"outperforming":[60],"these":[61],"algorithms.":[62],"EO":[63],"first":[66],"introduced":[67],"solution":[70,121,252],"HEPWM":[72,126,179,201],"method.":[73],"Its":[74],"several":[77,164],"depicts":[80],"superiority;":[82],"but":[83],"it":[84],"gets":[85],"stuck":[86],"in":[87,149],"local":[89],"minima.":[90],"Modified-EO":[91],"(M-EO)":[92],"solves":[93],"problem":[95],"enhancing":[97],"exploration":[99],"ability,":[100],"then":[103,161,228],"attached":[104],"to":[105,111,194],"rapid":[107,251],"calculus-based":[108],"LM":[109],"method":[110],"form":[112],"algorithm.":[116,175,234],"initiates":[119],"process":[122],"solving":[124],"equations":[127],"angles":[130,159,202,209],"(":[131,210],"<inline-formula":[132,139,211,218],"xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"":[133,140,212,219],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">":[134,141,213,220],"<tex-math":[135,142,214,221],"notation=\"LaTeX\">$N=9$":[136],"</tex-math></inline-formula>":[137,146,216,225],"notation=\"LaTeX\">$0.78\\leq":[143,222],"M\\leq":[144],"6.86$":[145],")":[147,226],"offline":[148],"only":[150],"two":[151],"iterations,":[152],"depicting":[153],"remarkable":[155],"convergence":[156],"ability.":[157],"Solution":[158],"are":[160,227],"divided":[162],"into":[163],"groups,":[165],"serving":[166],"as":[167],"search":[169],"space":[170],"between":[178],"nearest":[181],"level":[182],"based":[185],"on":[186],"output":[188],"voltage":[189],"THD":[190],"values":[191],"provided":[193],"report":[195],"maximum":[197],"number":[198],"solvable":[200],"complete":[205],"solution.":[207],"These":[208],"notation=\"LaTeX\">$N=8$":[215],"M&lt;":[223],"5.18$":[224],"solved":[229],"using":[231],"Comparing":[235],"computational":[237],"times":[238],"differential":[245],"evolution-Newton":[246],"Raphson":[247],"proves":[249],"behavior":[253],"validated":[258],"through":[259],"simulation":[261],"real-time":[263],"experimental":[264],"results.":[265]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-07-02T09:51:11.867554","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}