{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4375928273","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2023.3274471","title":"Improved Differential Privacy Noise Mechanism in Quantum Machine Learning","display_name":"Improved Differential Privacy Noise Mechanism in Quantum Machine Learning","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4375928273","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2023.3274471"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2023.3274471","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2023.3274471","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/10005208/10121424.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/10005208/10121424.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103115263","display_name":"Hang Yang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7309-8588"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I150229711","display_name":"University of Electronic Science and Technology of China","ror":"https://ror.org/04qr3zq92","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I154425047","display_name":"University of Alberta","ror":"https://ror.org/0160cpw27","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I154425047"]}],"countries":["CA","CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hang Yang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada","School of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Sichuan, Chengdu, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7309-8588","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154425047"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Sichuan, Chengdu, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5064977503","display_name":"Xunbo Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0002-3727-4630"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I150229711","display_name":"University of Electronic Science and Technology of China","ror":"https://ror.org/04qr3zq92","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xunbo Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Sichuan, Chengdu, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0002-3727-4630","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Sichuan, Chengdu, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5002354290","display_name":"Zhigui Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2003-5879"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1297991670","display_name":"Southwest University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/04d996474","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1297991670"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhigui Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information Engineering, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Sichuan, Mianyang, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information Engineering, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Sichuan, Mianyang, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1297991670"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5003799782","display_name":"Witold Pedrycz","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9335-9930"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I154425047","display_name":"University of Alberta","ror":"https://ror.org/0160cpw27","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I154425047"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Witold Pedrycz","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9335-9930","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154425047"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":1.9035,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":12,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.87750069,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"11","issue":null,"first_page":"50157","last_page":"50164"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10682","display_name":"Quantum Computing Algorithms and Architecture","score":0.9988999962806702,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10682","display_name":"Quantum Computing Algorithms and Architecture","score":0.9988999962806702,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11612","display_name":"Stochastic Gradient Optimization Techniques","score":0.9987000226974487,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10764","display_name":"Privacy-Preserving Technologies in Data","score":0.9983000159263611,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/differential-privacy","display_name":"Differential privacy","score":0.832491397857666},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7636631727218628},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/noise","display_name":"Noise (video)","score":0.6980354189872742},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quantum-computer","display_name":"Quantum computer","score":0.5367554426193237},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quantum-noise","display_name":"Quantum noise","score":0.4825415015220642},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quantum","display_name":"Quantum","score":0.4611527919769287},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/process","display_name":"Process (computing)","score":0.4350418150424957},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/field","display_name":"Field (mathematics)","score":0.4205765724182129},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.4147842526435852},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/theoretical-computer-science","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","score":0.3795865774154663},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.2673261761665344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.1243404746055603},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.1202923059463501},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quantum-mechanics","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","score":0.11536097526550293}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C23130292","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5275358","display_name":"Differential privacy","level":2,"score":0.832491397857666},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7636631727218628},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99498987","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2210247","display_name":"Noise (video)","level":3,"score":0.6980354189872742},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58053490","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176555","display_name":"Quantum computer","level":3,"score":0.5367554426193237},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111996192","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7269075","display_name":"Quantum noise","level":3,"score":0.4825415015220642},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C84114770","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q46344","display_name":"Quantum","level":2,"score":0.4611527919769287},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98045186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205663","display_name":"Process (computing)","level":2,"score":0.4350418150424957},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9652623","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190109","display_name":"Field (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.4205765724182129},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.4147842526435852},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80444323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2878974","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","level":1,"score":0.3795865774154663},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.2673261761665344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.1243404746055603},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.1202923059463501},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.11536097526550293},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C202444582","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q837863","display_name":"Pure mathematics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2023.3274471","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2023.3274471","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/10005208/10121424.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:f8031b882d8e4741a293eb744b36f46b","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/f8031b882d8e4741a293eb744b36f46b","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 11, Pp 50157-50164 (2023)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2023.3274471","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2023.3274471","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/10005208/10121424.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions","score":0.5099999904632568,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5515803451","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"CSC201706070059","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322725","funder_display_name":"China Scholarship Council"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322725","display_name":"China Scholarship Council","ror":"https://ror.org/04atp4p48"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4375928273.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4375928273.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":37,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1557833142","https://openalex.org/W1568345435","https://openalex.org/W1988369744","https://openalex.org/W2015811642","https://openalex.org/W2046937685","https://openalex.org/W2063635674","https://openalex.org/W2119046658","https://openalex.org/W2151919909","https://openalex.org/W2473418344","https://openalex.org/W2559394418","https://openalex.org/W2565262267","https://openalex.org/W2760053505","https://openalex.org/W2782586458","https://openalex.org/W2792946961","https://openalex.org/W2901859177","https://openalex.org/W2903221501","https://openalex.org/W2911978475","https://openalex.org/W2939719762","https://openalex.org/W2980446414","https://openalex.org/W3012697779","https://openalex.org/W3027922144","https://openalex.org/W3101122608","https://openalex.org/W3133688247","https://openalex.org/W3154850693","https://openalex.org/W3186461170","https://openalex.org/W4205228770","https://openalex.org/W4220747861","https://openalex.org/W4221146026","https://openalex.org/W4289606390","https://openalex.org/W4293025139","https://openalex.org/W4372055232","https://openalex.org/W6634007516","https://openalex.org/W6747870088","https://openalex.org/W6778289254","https://openalex.org/W6794232156","https://openalex.org/W6809894334","https://openalex.org/W6810080461"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3038283795","https://openalex.org/W2604501336","https://openalex.org/W2558166297","https://openalex.org/W2734500670","https://openalex.org/W2315671126","https://openalex.org/W798507144","https://openalex.org/W2964481303","https://openalex.org/W1751413323","https://openalex.org/W1970141429","https://openalex.org/W2185957229"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Quantum":[0],"computing,":[1],"as":[2],"an":[3,27],"emerging":[4],"research":[5],"field,":[6],"is":[7,39,52,96,123],"attracting":[8],"people\u2019s":[9],"attention.":[10],"It":[11],"has":[12],"been":[13],"proven":[14],"to":[15,21,30,40,43,77,98,103,139],"be":[16,57,117,137],"superior":[17],"in":[18],"many":[19],"ways":[20],"classical":[22,131],"computing.":[23],"Differential":[24],"privacy":[25,78,128],"provides":[26],"easy":[28],"way":[29],"achieve":[31],"demonstrable":[32],"privacy,":[33],"and":[34,90,119],"the":[35,60,67,99,141,144],"most":[36],"common":[37,127],"method":[38],"add":[41],"noise":[42,51,63,89,95,122],"datasets.":[44],"At":[45],"this":[46,81],"stage":[47],"of":[48,62,69,113,143],"quantum":[49,70,101,105,146],"computers,":[50,71],"a":[53,126],"factor":[54],"that":[55],"cannot":[56],"ignored.":[58],"Indeed,":[59],"existence":[61],"will":[64,84,116,136],"negatively":[65],"affect":[66],"performance":[68],"but":[72],"we":[73,83],"can":[74],"apply":[75],"it":[76],"protection.":[79],"In":[80],"work,":[82],"consider":[85],"two":[86],"situations:":[87],"inherent":[88],"artificially":[91],"added":[92,97],"noise.":[93],"The":[94,111],"variational":[100],"algorithm":[102],"implement":[104],"machine":[106,132,147],"learning":[107,148],"with":[108],"differential":[109],"privacy.":[110],"importance":[112],"each":[114],"type":[115],"examined":[118],"less":[120],"artificial":[121],"needed":[124],"for":[125],"budget":[129],"over":[130],"learning.":[133],"Composition":[134],"theory":[135],"invoked":[138],"prove":[140],"advantage":[142],"entire":[145],"process.":[149]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":5}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}