{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4366333509","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2023.3268114","title":"EC2Net: Efficient Attention-Based Cross-Context Network for Near Real-Time Salient Object Detection","display_name":"EC2Net: Efficient Attention-Based Cross-Context Network for Near Real-Time Salient Object Detection","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4366333509","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2023.3268114"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2023.3268114","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2023.3268114","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/10103899.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/10103899.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5051817636","display_name":"Ngo Thien Thu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6539-2725"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I35928602","display_name":"Kyung Hee University","ror":"https://ror.org/01zqcg218","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I35928602"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ngo Thien Thu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, South Korea","Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Kyung Hee University Global Campus, Yongin, Korea"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6539-2725","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I35928602"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Kyung Hee University Global Campus, Yongin, Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I35928602"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5086225474","display_name":"Md. Delowar Hossain","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6080-9720"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I35928602","display_name":"Kyung Hee University","ror":"https://ror.org/01zqcg218","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I35928602"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Md. Delowar Hossain","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, South Korea","Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Kyung Hee University Global Campus, Yongin, Korea"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6080-9720","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I35928602"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Kyung Hee University Global Campus, Yongin, Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I35928602"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5000263913","display_name":"Eui\u2010Nam Huh","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0184-6975"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I35928602","display_name":"Kyung Hee University","ror":"https://ror.org/01zqcg218","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I35928602"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Eui-Nam Huh","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, South Korea","Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Kyung Hee University Global Campus, Yongin, Korea"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0184-6975","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I35928602"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Kyung Hee University Global Campus, Yongin, Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I35928602"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":0.3368,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":3,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.56387705,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"11","issue":null,"first_page":"39845","last_page":"39854"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11605","display_name":"Visual Attention and Saliency Detection","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11605","display_name":"Visual Attention and Saliency Detection","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11094","display_name":"Face Recognition and Perception","score":0.9699000120162964,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11707","display_name":"Gaze Tracking and Assistive Technology","score":0.9366000294685364,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1709","display_name":"Human-Computer Interaction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8841989636421204},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/merge","display_name":"Merge (version control)","score":0.6666197180747986},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/object-detection","display_name":"Object detection","score":0.553260862827301},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/salient","display_name":"Salient","score":0.54703688621521},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/encoder","display_name":"Encoder","score":0.5448096394538879},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5213248133659363},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/context","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","score":0.4574754238128662},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/overhead","display_name":"Overhead (engineering)","score":0.4119284451007843},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/distributed-computing","display_name":"Distributed computing","score":0.4080846309661865},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.2962324023246765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/parallel-computing","display_name":"Parallel computing","score":0.170985609292984}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8841989636421204},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C197129107","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1921621","display_name":"Merge (version control)","level":2,"score":0.6666197180747986},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776151529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3045304","display_name":"Object detection","level":3,"score":0.553260862827301},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780719617","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1030752","display_name":"Salient","level":2,"score":0.54703688621521},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118505674","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42586063","display_name":"Encoder","level":2,"score":0.5448096394538879},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5213248133659363},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779343474","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3109175","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","level":2,"score":0.4574754238128662},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779960059","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7113681","display_name":"Overhead (engineering)","level":2,"score":0.4119284451007843},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.4080846309661865},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.2962324023246765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173608175","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q232661","display_name":"Parallel computing","level":1,"score":0.170985609292984},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151730666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7205","display_name":"Paleontology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2023.3268114","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2023.3268114","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/10103899.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:63135c9b37084d74b34aa27f75919ef9","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/63135c9b37084d74b34aa27f75919ef9","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 11, Pp 39845-39854 (2023)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2023.3268114","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2023.3268114","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/10103899.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1478288009","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2021-0-02068","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320328359","funder_display_name":"Ministry of Science and ICT, South Korea"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2385075056","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"RS-2022-00155911","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322030","funder_display_name":"Ministry of Science, ICT and Future Planning"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3872958509","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"RS-2022-00155911","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320328359","funder_display_name":"Ministry of Science and ICT, South Korea"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4643994530","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2021-0-02068","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335489","funder_display_name":"Institute for Information and Communications Technology Promotion"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4700831490","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2022-","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335489","funder_display_name":"Institute for Information and Communications Technology Promotion"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4932531269","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"RS-2022-00155911","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321332","funder_display_name":"Kyung Hee University"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G585115220","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"RS-2022-00155911","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335489","funder_display_name":"Institute for Information and Communications Technology Promotion"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7086180376","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"No.RS-2022-00155911","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320328359","funder_display_name":"Ministry of Science and ICT, South Korea"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321332","display_name":"Kyung Hee University","ror":"https://ror.org/01zqcg218"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322030","display_name":"Ministry of Science, ICT and Future Planning","ror":"https://ror.org/032e49973"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320328359","display_name":"Ministry of Science and ICT, South Korea","ror":"https://ror.org/01wpjm123"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335489","display_name":"Institute for Information and Communications Technology Promotion","ror":"https://ror.org/01g0hqq23"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4366333509.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4366333509.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":66,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W21025885","https://openalex.org/W1894057436","https://openalex.org/W1903029394","https://openalex.org/W1942214758","https://openalex.org/W1977914407","https://openalex.org/W1982075130","https://openalex.org/W2002781701","https://openalex.org/W2039313011","https://openalex.org/W2041719651","https://openalex.org/W2055180303","https://openalex.org/W2100470808","https://openalex.org/W2132083787","https://openalex.org/W2147347517","https://openalex.org/W2171378720","https://openalex.org/W2194775991","https://openalex.org/W2293332611","https://openalex.org/W2346506533","https://openalex.org/W2461475918","https://openalex.org/W2519528544","https://openalex.org/W2531409750","https://openalex.org/W2546160422","https://openalex.org/W2565639579","https://openalex.org/W2607011617","https://openalex.org/W2740667773","https://openalex.org/W2744613561","https://openalex.org/W2752782242","https://openalex.org/W2780708736","https://openalex.org/W2798791651","https://openalex.org/W2798825526","https://openalex.org/W2884555738","https://openalex.org/W2884585870","https://openalex.org/W2887356459","https://openalex.org/W2895251968","https://openalex.org/W2914847460","https://openalex.org/W2939217524","https://openalex.org/W2948500402","https://openalex.org/W2948510860","https://openalex.org/W2961348656","https://openalex.org/W2962680827","https://openalex.org/W2963032190","https://openalex.org/W2963112696","https://openalex.org/W2963125010","https://openalex.org/W2963299740","https://openalex.org/W2963685207","https://openalex.org/W2963868681","https://openalex.org/W2963906836","https://openalex.org/W2981689412","https://openalex.org/W2990984982","https://openalex.org/W3022015146","https://openalex.org/W3025800305","https://openalex.org/W3035422681","https://openalex.org/W3103757879","https://openalex.org/W3112885960","https://openalex.org/W3120113457","https://openalex.org/W3122006940","https://openalex.org/W3136838953","https://openalex.org/W3202424564","https://openalex.org/W4239147634","https://openalex.org/W4297775537","https://openalex.org/W4385245566","https://openalex.org/W6639359414","https://openalex.org/W6737664043","https://openalex.org/W6739901393","https://openalex.org/W6753412334","https://openalex.org/W6765756769","https://openalex.org/W6788627440"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2329500892","https://openalex.org/W28991112","https://openalex.org/W2370726991","https://openalex.org/W2486541857","https://openalex.org/W4234886518","https://openalex.org/W2389591058","https://openalex.org/W2369710579","https://openalex.org/W2382112581","https://openalex.org/W3124036233","https://openalex.org/W4327728159"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,41,128],"development":[1],"of":[2,23],"salient":[3,75,139],"object":[4,76,93],"detection":[5],"is":[6],"crucial":[7],"in":[8,38,43,110],"ubiquitous":[9],"applications.":[10],"Existing":[11],"state-of-the-art":[12],"models":[13,45],"tend":[14],"to":[15,35,53,89,106,121,136],"have":[16],"complex":[17],"designs":[18],"and":[19,56,59,91,125,162],"a":[20,100],"significant":[21,33],"number":[22],"parameters,":[24,160],"prioritizing":[25],"performance":[26,156],"improvement":[27],"over":[28],"efficiency.":[29],"Hence,":[30],"there":[31],"pose":[32],"challenges":[34],"deploying":[36],"them":[37],"edge":[39],"devices.":[40],"intricacy":[42],"these":[44],"stems":[46],"from":[47],"the":[48,83,116,151],"complicated":[49],"encoder-decoder":[50],"that":[51],"aims":[52],"effectively":[54],"generate":[55],"integrate":[57],"coarse":[58],"semantic":[60,108],"features.":[61,127],"To":[62,78],"address":[63],"this":[64],"problem,":[65],"we":[66,81,114],"introduced":[67,99,115],"EC2Net,":[68],"an":[69],"efficient":[70],"attention-based":[71],"cross-context":[72,102],"network":[73],"for":[74,95],"detection.":[77],"start":[79],"with,":[80],"introduce":[82],"shallow":[84,96,124],"crossed-context":[85],"aggregation":[86,103],"(SCCA)":[87],"mechanism":[88,105],"enhance":[90,107],"preserve":[92],"boundaries":[94],"layers.":[97,112],"We":[98],"deep":[101,111,126],"(DCCA)":[104],"features":[109],"Subsequently,":[113],"dual":[117],"cross-fusion":[118],"module":[119],"(DCFM)":[120],"efficiently":[122],"merge":[123],"proposed":[129,152],"modules":[130],"complement":[131],"each":[132],"other,":[133],"enabling":[134],"EC2Net":[135],"accurately":[137],"detect":[138],"objects":[140],"with":[141],"reduced":[142],"computational":[143],"overhead.":[144],"Through":[145],"experiments":[146],"on":[147],"five":[148],"standard":[149],"datasets,":[150],"method":[153],"demonstrated":[154],"competitive":[155],"while":[157],"utilizing":[158],"fewer":[159],"FLOPS,":[161],"memory":[163],"storage":[164],"than":[165],"other":[166],"resource-intensive":[167],"models.":[168]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
