{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4365131937","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2023.3266355","title":"A CNN-LSTM-Based Fusion Separation Deep Neural Network for 6G Ultra-Massive MIMO Hybrid Beamforming","display_name":"A CNN-LSTM-Based Fusion Separation Deep Neural Network for 6G Ultra-Massive MIMO Hybrid Beamforming","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4365131937","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2023.3266355"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2023.3266355","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2023.3266355","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/10098778.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/10098778.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5004835834","display_name":"Rafid Umayer Murshed","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9030-4336"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I183697816","display_name":"Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05a1qpv97","country_code":"BD","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I183697816"]}],"countries":["BD"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Rafid Umayer Murshed","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology (BUET), Dhaka, Bangladesh"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9030-4336","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology (BUET), Dhaka, Bangladesh","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I183697816"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5045147571","display_name":"Zulqarnain Bin Ashraf","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8602-346X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I183697816","display_name":"Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05a1qpv97","country_code":"BD","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I183697816"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I188329596","display_name":"University of Canberra","ror":"https://ror.org/04s1nv328","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I188329596"]}],"countries":["AU","BD"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zulqarnain Bin Ashraf","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of IT and Systems, University of Canberra, Canberra, ACT, Australia","Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology (BUET), Dhaka, Bangladesh"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8602-346X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of IT and Systems, University of Canberra, Canberra, ACT, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I188329596"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology (BUET), Dhaka, Bangladesh","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I183697816"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5069078081","display_name":"Abu Horaira Hridhon","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0004-4465-3932"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I183697816","display_name":"Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05a1qpv97","country_code":"BD","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I183697816"]}],"countries":["BD"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Abu Horaira Hridhon","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology (BUET), Dhaka, Bangladesh"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0004-4465-3932","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology (BUET), Dhaka, Bangladesh","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I183697816"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5066074266","display_name":"Kumudu S. Munasinghe","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0141-8973"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I188329596","display_name":"University of Canberra","ror":"https://ror.org/04s1nv328","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I188329596"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kumudu Munasinghe","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of IT and Systems, University of Canberra, Canberra, ACT, Australia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0141-8973","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of IT and Systems, University of Canberra, Canberra, ACT, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I188329596"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5086268677","display_name":"Abbas Jamalipour","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1807-7220"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I129604602","display_name":"The University of Sydney","ror":"https://ror.org/0384j8v12","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I129604602"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Abbas Jamalipour","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical and Information Engineering, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1807-7220","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical and Information Engineering, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I129604602"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5041061347","display_name":"Md. Farhad Hossain","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5632-7633"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I183697816","display_name":"Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05a1qpv97","country_code":"BD","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I183697816"]}],"countries":["BD"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Md. Farhad Hossain","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology (BUET), Dhaka, Bangladesh"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5632-7633","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology (BUET), Dhaka, Bangladesh","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I183697816"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5004835834"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I183697816"],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":5.9506,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":47,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.96988383,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":98,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"11","issue":null,"first_page":"38614","last_page":"38630"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10936","display_name":"Millimeter-Wave Propagation and Modeling","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10936","display_name":"Millimeter-Wave Propagation and Modeling","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10262","display_name":"Microwave Engineering and Waveguides","score":0.9991999864578247,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10148","display_name":"Advanced MIMO Systems Optimization","score":0.9983999729156494,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8013043403625488},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/beamforming","display_name":"Beamforming","score":0.7133247256278992},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mimo","display_name":"MIMO","score":0.5510157942771912},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-neural-network","display_name":"Artificial neural network","score":0.5419309139251709},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/convolutional-neural-network","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","score":0.4883710741996765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/channel-state-information","display_name":"Channel state information","score":0.48142215609550476},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reduction","display_name":"Reduction (mathematics)","score":0.4782518446445465},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scalability","display_name":"Scalability","score":0.47705212235450745},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/deep-learning","display_name":"Deep learning","score":0.4350401759147644},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.41541242599487305},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computational-complexity-theory","display_name":"Computational complexity theory","score":0.41237741708755493},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-engineering","display_name":"Computer engineering","score":0.36062559485435486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.3414405584335327},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless","display_name":"Wireless","score":0.21659496426582336},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.10000339150428772},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.09538137912750244}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8013043403625488},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54197355","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5782992","display_name":"Beamforming","level":2,"score":0.7133247256278992},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C207987634","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176862","display_name":"MIMO","level":3,"score":0.5510157942771912},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.5419309139251709},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81363708","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17084460","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","level":2,"score":0.4883710741996765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148063708","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5072511","display_name":"Channel state information","level":3,"score":0.48142215609550476},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111335779","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3454686","display_name":"Reduction (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.4782518446445465},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48044578","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q727490","display_name":"Scalability","level":2,"score":0.47705212235450745},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108583219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q197536","display_name":"Deep learning","level":2,"score":0.4350401759147644},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.41541242599487305},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C179799912","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205084","display_name":"Computational complexity theory","level":2,"score":0.41237741708755493},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C113775141","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q428691","display_name":"Computer engineering","level":1,"score":0.36062559485435486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.3414405584335327},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555944384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249","display_name":"Wireless","level":2,"score":0.21659496426582336},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.10000339150428772},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.09538137912750244},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77088390","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8513","display_name":"Database","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2023.3266355","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2023.3266355","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/10098778.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:c393af29954c4089aedf8b7246f3a5bb","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/c393af29954c4089aedf8b7246f3a5bb","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 11, Pp 38614-38630 (2023)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2023.3266355","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2023.3266355","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/10098778.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320307791","display_name":"Cisco Systems","ror":"https://ror.org/03yt1ez60"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4365131937.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4365131937.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":64,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W595252221","https://openalex.org/W905396345","https://openalex.org/W1432778544","https://openalex.org/W1586395257","https://openalex.org/W1970830346","https://openalex.org/W1981661761","https://openalex.org/W2004915807","https://openalex.org/W2025138368","https://openalex.org/W2029045295","https://openalex.org/W2034651337","https://openalex.org/W2041287972","https://openalex.org/W2053521124","https://openalex.org/W2060661941","https://openalex.org/W2068712429","https://openalex.org/W2095705004","https://openalex.org/W2101341474","https://openalex.org/W2129727074","https://openalex.org/W2140650978","https://openalex.org/W2144221897","https://openalex.org/W2146502635","https://openalex.org/W2147781728","https://openalex.org/W2156400332","https://openalex.org/W2166405300","https://openalex.org/W2167956149","https://openalex.org/W2259391824","https://openalex.org/W2272804037","https://openalex.org/W2321959027","https://openalex.org/W2539603415","https://openalex.org/W2547095175","https://openalex.org/W2765833400","https://openalex.org/W2802405741","https://openalex.org/W2897722020","https://openalex.org/W2919348284","https://openalex.org/W2943928690","https://openalex.org/W2962785465","https://openalex.org/W2964103109","https://openalex.org/W2964468371","https://openalex.org/W2971329741","https://openalex.org/W2981992764","https://openalex.org/W3001570336","https://openalex.org/W3011296336","https://openalex.org/W3039366958","https://openalex.org/W3040368914","https://openalex.org/W3072069827","https://openalex.org/W3086007150","https://openalex.org/W3093827731","https://openalex.org/W3101999018","https://openalex.org/W3131199897","https://openalex.org/W3192919170","https://openalex.org/W3196453440","https://openalex.org/W3210651618","https://openalex.org/W3215554746","https://openalex.org/W4225331243","https://openalex.org/W4226248141","https://openalex.org/W4285145089","https://openalex.org/W4287991319","https://openalex.org/W4294811272","https://openalex.org/W4315629538","https://openalex.org/W6674330103","https://openalex.org/W6681435938","https://openalex.org/W6688365024","https://openalex.org/W6745378982","https://openalex.org/W6790642029","https://openalex.org/W6800463454"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2059045613","https://openalex.org/W2088352174","https://openalex.org/W884630482","https://openalex.org/W4286695888","https://openalex.org/W3084132786","https://openalex.org/W2025723618","https://openalex.org/W4327661444","https://openalex.org/W2161061958","https://openalex.org/W2034991012","https://openalex.org/W2552025594"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0,92],"the":[1,27,34,69,105,141,144,159,171,177,185,212,217],"sixth-generation":[2],"(6G)":[3],"cellular":[4],"networks,":[5],"hybrid":[6,220],"beamforming":[7,102,234],"would":[8],"be":[9,226],"a":[10,123,191,230],"real-time":[11,51],"optimization":[12,37],"problem":[13],"that":[14,58,170,183],"is":[15],"becoming":[16],"progressively":[17],"more":[18],"challenging.":[19],"Although":[20,211],"numerical":[21,186],"computation-based":[22],"iterative":[23,187],"methods":[24],"such":[25],"as":[26,182],"minimal":[28],"mean":[29],"square":[30],"error":[31],"(MMSE)":[32],"and":[33,80,84,114,129,208],"alternative":[35],"manifold":[36],"(Alt-Min)":[38],"can":[39,67,139,174,224],"already":[40],"attain":[41,175],"near-optimal":[42,81],"performance,":[43],"their":[44,116],"computational":[45,165,195],"cost":[46],"renders":[47],"them":[48],"unsuitable":[49],"for":[50,101,109,153],"applications.":[52],"However,":[53],"recent":[54],"studies":[55],"have":[56],"demonstrated":[57],"machine":[59],"learning":[60],"techniques":[61],"like":[62],"deep":[63],"neural":[64,127],"networks":[65],"(DNN)":[66],"learn":[68],"mapping":[70,88],"done":[71],"by":[72],"those":[73],"algorithms":[74,188],"between":[75],"channel":[76],"state":[77],"information":[78],"(CSI)":[79],"resource":[82],"allocation":[83],"then":[85],"approximate":[86],"this":[87],"in":[89,104,147,194],"near":[90],"real-time.":[91],"light":[93],"of":[94,143,149,180,184,232],"this,":[95],"we":[96,121],"investigate":[97],"various":[98],"DNN":[99],"architectures":[100],"challenges":[103],"terahertz":[106],"(THz)":[107],"band":[108],"ultra-massive":[110],"multiple-input":[111],"multiple-output":[112],"(UM-MIMO)":[113],"explore":[115],"contextual":[117],"mathematical":[118],"modeling.":[119],"Specifically,":[120],"design":[122],"sophisticated":[124],"1D":[125],"convolutional":[126],"network,":[128],"long":[130],"short-term":[131],"memory":[132],"(1D":[133],"CNN-LSTM)":[134],"based":[135],"fusion-separation":[136],"scheme,":[137],"which":[138],"approach":[140,199,223],"performance":[142],"Alt-Min":[145],"algorithm":[146],"terms":[148],"spectral":[150],"efficiency":[151],"(SE)":[152],"fully":[154,218],"connected":[155,219],"structures":[156],"and,":[157],"at":[158],"same":[160,178],"time,":[161],"use":[162],"significantly":[163],"less":[164],"effort.":[166],"Simulation":[167],"results":[168],"indicate":[169],"proposed":[172],"system":[173],"almost":[176],"level":[179],"SE":[181],"while":[189],"incurring":[190],"substantial":[192],"reduction":[193],"cost.":[196],"Our":[197],"DNN-based":[198],"also":[200,225],"exhibits":[201],"exceptional":[202],"adaptability":[203],"to":[204,228],"diverse":[205],"network":[206],"setups":[207],"high":[209],"scalability.":[210],"current":[213],"model":[214],"only":[215],"addresses":[216],"architecture,":[221],"our":[222],"expanded":[227],"address":[229],"variety":[231],"other":[233],"topologies.":[235]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":20},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":18},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":6}],"updated_date":"2026-05-06T08:25:59.206177","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
