{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4362654674","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2023.3264835","title":"PlantDet: A Robust Multi-Model Ensemble Method Based on Deep Learning For Plant Disease Detection","display_name":"PlantDet: A Robust Multi-Model Ensemble Method Based on Deep Learning For Plant Disease Detection","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4362654674","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2023.3264835"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2023.3264835","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2023.3264835","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/10092882.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/10092882.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5057388374","display_name":"Md Sakib Hossain Shovon","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5013-8556"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I103434671","display_name":"American International University-Bangladesh","ror":"https://ror.org/02j8ga255","country_code":"BD","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I103434671"]}],"countries":["BD"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Md. Sakib Hossain Shovon","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science and Engineering, American International University-Bangladesh, Dhaka, Bangladesh"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and Engineering, American International University-Bangladesh, Dhaka, Bangladesh","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I103434671"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5089486450","display_name":"Shakrin Jahan Mozumder","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0003-0300-2933"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I103434671","display_name":"American International University-Bangladesh","ror":"https://ror.org/02j8ga255","country_code":"BD","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I103434671"]}],"countries":["BD"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shakrin Jahan Mozumder","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science and Engineering, American International University-Bangladesh, Dhaka, Bangladesh"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and Engineering, American International University-Bangladesh, Dhaka, Bangladesh","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I103434671"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5038584873","display_name":"Osim Kumar Pal","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9516-8388"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I103434671","display_name":"American International University-Bangladesh","ror":"https://ror.org/02j8ga255","country_code":"BD","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I103434671"]}],"countries":["BD"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Osim Kumar Pal","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science and Engineering, American International University-Bangladesh, Dhaka, Bangladesh","Depertment of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, American International University-Bangladesh, Dhaka, Bangladesh"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and Engineering, American International University-Bangladesh, Dhaka, Bangladesh","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I103434671"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Depertment of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, American International University-Bangladesh, Dhaka, Bangladesh","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I103434671"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5071208302","display_name":"M. F. Mridha","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5738-1631"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I103434671","display_name":"American International University-Bangladesh","ror":"https://ror.org/02j8ga255","country_code":"BD","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I103434671"]}],"countries":["BD"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"M. F. Mridha","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science and Engineering, American International University-Bangladesh, Dhaka, Bangladesh"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and Engineering, American International University-Bangladesh, Dhaka, Bangladesh","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I103434671"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5030658732","display_name":"Nobuyoshi Asai","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8832-0521"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I141591182","display_name":"University of Aizu","ror":"https://ror.org/02pg0e883","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I141591182"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nobuyoshi Asai","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science and Engineering, The University of Aizu, Aizuwakamatsu, Japan"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and Engineering, The University of Aizu, Aizuwakamatsu, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I141591182"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5005221038","display_name":"Jungpil Shin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7476-2468"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I141591182","display_name":"University of Aizu","ror":"https://ror.org/02pg0e883","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I141591182"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jungpil Shin","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science and Engineering, The University of Aizu, Aizuwakamatsu, Japan"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and Engineering, The University of Aizu, Aizuwakamatsu, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I141591182"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5057388374"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I103434671"],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":41.1462,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":104,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99856196,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":99,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"11","issue":null,"first_page":"34846","last_page":"34859"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10616","display_name":"Smart Agriculture and AI","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1110","display_name":"Plant Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10616","display_name":"Smart Agriculture and AI","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1110","display_name":"Plant Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12660","display_name":"Plant Disease Management Techniques","score":0.9671000242233276,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1110","display_name":"Plant Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10825","display_name":"Plant Pathogens and Fungal Diseases","score":0.9513999819755554,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1307","display_name":"Cell Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7320734858512878},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.7017661333084106},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/overfitting","display_name":"Overfitting","score":0.651336669921875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/deep-learning","display_name":"Deep learning","score":0.6165658831596375},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dropout","display_name":"Dropout (neural networks)","score":0.6151894330978394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/leverage","display_name":"Leverage (statistics)","score":0.5343308448791504},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pooling","display_name":"Pooling","score":0.46594393253326416},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/preprocessor","display_name":"Preprocessor","score":0.45515012741088867},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ensemble-learning","display_name":"Ensemble learning","score":0.4359036386013031},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ensemble-forecasting","display_name":"Ensemble forecasting","score":0.43366312980651855},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.4231469929218292},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/leaf-spot","display_name":"Leaf spot","score":0.41327548027038574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.3974413573741913},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-neural-network","display_name":"Artificial neural network","score":0.16713300347328186}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7320734858512878},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.7017661333084106},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C22019652","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q331309","display_name":"Overfitting","level":3,"score":0.651336669921875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108583219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q197536","display_name":"Deep learning","level":2,"score":0.6165658831596375},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776145597","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25339462","display_name":"Dropout (neural networks)","level":2,"score":0.6151894330978394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153083717","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6535263","display_name":"Leverage (statistics)","level":2,"score":0.5343308448791504},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C70437156","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7228652","display_name":"Pooling","level":2,"score":0.46594393253326416},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C34736171","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q918333","display_name":"Preprocessor","level":2,"score":0.45515012741088867},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45942800","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q245652","display_name":"Ensemble learning","level":2,"score":0.4359036386013031},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119898033","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3433888","display_name":"Ensemble forecasting","level":2,"score":0.43366312980651855},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.4231469929218292},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780034373","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6508875","display_name":"Leaf spot","level":2,"score":0.41327548027038574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.3974413573741913},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.16713300347328186},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C59822182","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q441","display_name":"Botany","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2023.3264835","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2023.3264835","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/10092882.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:013a9c051f734074a9f67d128898856b","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/013a9c051f734074a9f67d128898856b","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 11, Pp 34846-34859 (2023)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2023.3264835","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2023.3264835","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/10092882.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.41999998688697815,"display_name":"Zero hunger","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/2"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4362654674.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4362654674.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":40,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1677182931","https://openalex.org/W2427824587","https://openalex.org/W2531409750","https://openalex.org/W2714342494","https://openalex.org/W2884935418","https://openalex.org/W2900632871","https://openalex.org/W2907529243","https://openalex.org/W2944599236","https://openalex.org/W2975915077","https://openalex.org/W2998066056","https://openalex.org/W3015291962","https://openalex.org/W3017125705","https://openalex.org/W3033123408","https://openalex.org/W3035253074","https://openalex.org/W3093956116","https://openalex.org/W3095676075","https://openalex.org/W3111432325","https://openalex.org/W3121695629","https://openalex.org/W3149749205","https://openalex.org/W3155181589","https://openalex.org/W3155879942","https://openalex.org/W3155966371","https://openalex.org/W3157828142","https://openalex.org/W3162893763","https://openalex.org/W3163327790","https://openalex.org/W3194730353","https://openalex.org/W3202992302","https://openalex.org/W4210743245","https://openalex.org/W4213441557","https://openalex.org/W4224943514","https://openalex.org/W4226269723","https://openalex.org/W4280536070","https://openalex.org/W4293258852","https://openalex.org/W4293770138","https://openalex.org/W4303579256","https://openalex.org/W4308485661","https://openalex.org/W4309740557","https://openalex.org/W6762718338","https://openalex.org/W6793164127","https://openalex.org/W6910562601"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4298017035","https://openalex.org/W3128220493","https://openalex.org/W2792147139","https://openalex.org/W3110700750","https://openalex.org/W2998675825","https://openalex.org/W4226354336","https://openalex.org/W2736804899","https://openalex.org/W4394636190","https://openalex.org/W2897443685","https://openalex.org/W4307654087"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Plant":[0],"disease":[1,21],"is":[2],"a":[3,174,178,182,187],"significant":[4],"health":[5],"concern":[6],"among":[7],"all":[8,143,201],"living":[9],"creatures.":[10],"Early":[11],"diagnosis":[12],"can":[13],"help":[14,147],"farmers":[15],"takenecessary":[16],"steps":[17],"to":[18,142,148,221,227],"cure":[19],"the":[20,24,103,137,160,165,194,218,223,230,248],"and":[22,49,56,131,146,151,186,212],"accelerate":[23],"production":[25],"rate":[26],"efficiently.":[27],"Our":[28],"research":[29],"has":[30,78],"beenconducted":[31],"with":[32,169,217],"five":[33],"most":[34],"common":[35],"rice":[36],"leaf":[37,42,46],"diseases,":[38],"such":[39,62],"as":[40,63],"bacterial":[41],"blight,":[43],"brown":[44,51],"spot,":[45,52],"blast,leaf":[47],"scald,":[48],"narrow":[50],"including":[53,205],"healthy":[54],"class,":[55],"two":[57],"categories":[58],"of":[59,102,106,172,176,180,184,189,246],"betel":[60],"leaf,":[61],"healthyand":[64],"unhealthy":[65],"class.":[66],"A":[67],"robust":[68,140,207],"new":[69],"deep":[70],"ensemble":[71,208],"model,":[72],"based":[73],"on":[74],"InceptionResNetV2,":[75],"EfficientNetV2L,and":[76],"Xception,":[77],"been":[79,215],"proposed,":[80],"known":[81],"as,":[82],"PlantDet,":[83],"in":[84,244],"this":[85,237],"research.":[86],"PlantDet":[87,111,158,198],"solves":[88],"not":[89],"only":[90],"underfitting":[91,150],"problems":[92,153],"but":[93],"also":[94,199],"leverage":[95],"nourished":[96],"performances":[97,225],"simultaneously":[98],"for":[99,164,193,236],"scarce":[100],"dataset":[101,168],"sparse":[104],"number":[105],"different":[107],"background":[108],"image":[109],"dataset.":[110,239],"integrates":[112],"efficient":[113],"data":[114],"augmentation,":[115],"preprocessing,":[116],"Global":[117],"Average":[118],"Pooling":[119],"layer,":[120],"Dropout":[121],"mechanism,":[122],"L2":[123],"regularizers,":[124],"PRelu":[125],"activation":[126],"function,":[127],"Batch":[128],"Normalization":[129],"layers,":[130],"more":[132,139],"Dense":[133],"layers":[134],"that":[135],"make":[136],"model":[138,163,224],"compared":[141],"existing":[144,202],"models":[145,234],"handle":[149],"overfitting":[152],"while":[154],"maintaining":[155],"high":[156],"performance.":[157],"exceeds":[159],"previous":[161],"state-of-art":[162],"Rice":[166],"Leaf":[167,196],"an":[170],"Accuracy":[171],"98.53%,":[173],"Precision":[175],"98.50%,":[177],"Recall":[179],"98.35%,":[181],"F1":[183],"98.42%":[185],"Specificity":[188],"99.71%.":[190],"In":[191],"addition,":[192],"Betel":[195],"dataset,":[197],"surpassed":[200],"base":[203],"models,":[204],"several":[206],"models.":[209],"Finally,":[210],"Grad-CAM":[211],"Score-CAM":[213,240],"have":[214],"accomplished":[216],"Xception":[219],"method":[220],"explain":[222],"particularly":[226],"elaborate":[228],"how":[229],"Deep":[231],"Learning":[232],"(DL)":[233],"works":[235],"complex":[238],"slightly":[241],"outperformed":[242],"Grad-CAM++":[243],"terms":[245],"localizing":[247],"predicted":[249],"area.":[250]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":48},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":37},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":10}],"updated_date":"2026-04-02T15:55:50.835912","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}