{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4361862395","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2023.3262991","title":"Effects of Sim2Real Image Translation via DCLGAN on Lane Keeping Assist System in CARLA Simulator","display_name":"Effects of Sim2Real Image Translation via DCLGAN on Lane Keeping Assist System in CARLA Simulator","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4361862395","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2023.3262991"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2023.3262991","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2023.3262991","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/10086509.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/10086509.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5048692298","display_name":"Jinu Pahk","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5115-5334"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I193352282","display_name":"Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/03frjya69","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I193352282"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Jinu Pahk","raw_affiliation_strings":["Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology, Daegu, South Korea"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5115-5334","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology, Daegu, South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I193352282"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5023542597","display_name":"Jungseok Shim","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3961-1277"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I193352282","display_name":"Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/03frjya69","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I193352282"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jungseok Shim","raw_affiliation_strings":["Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology, Daegu, South Korea"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3961-1277","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology, Daegu, South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I193352282"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5082721666","display_name":"Minhyeok Baek","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I193352282","display_name":"Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/03frjya69","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I193352282"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Minhyeok Baek","raw_affiliation_strings":["Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology, Daegu, South Korea"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5789-2033","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology, Daegu, South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I193352282"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5020077507","display_name":"Yongseob Lim","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0373-5814"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I193352282","display_name":"Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/03frjya69","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I193352282"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yongseob Lim","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Robotics Engineering, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology, Daegu, South Korea"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0373-5814","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Robotics Engineering, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology, Daegu, South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I193352282"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5108920815","display_name":"Gyeungho Choi","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I193352282","display_name":"Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/03frjya69","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I193352282"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Gyeungho Choi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Interdisciplinary Engineering, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology, Daegu, South Korea","Department of Interdisciplinary Engineering, Daegu Gyeognbuk Institute of Science and Technology, Daegu, South Korea"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Interdisciplinary Engineering, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology, Daegu, South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I193352282"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Interdisciplinary Engineering, Daegu Gyeognbuk Institute of Science and Technology, Daegu, South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I193352282"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5048692298"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I193352282"],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":0.9672,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":9,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.73469587,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"11","issue":null,"first_page":"33915","last_page":"33927"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11099","display_name":"Autonomous Vehicle Technology and Safety","score":0.9908000230789185,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2203","display_name":"Automotive Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11099","display_name":"Autonomous Vehicle Technology and Safety","score":0.9908000230789185,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2203","display_name":"Automotive Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10775","display_name":"Generative Adversarial Networks and Image Synthesis","score":0.9764999747276306,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10481","display_name":"Computer Graphics and Visualization Techniques","score":0.9677000045776367,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1704","display_name":"Computer Graphics and Computer-Aided Design"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7868466377258301},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hyperparameter","display_name":"Hyperparameter","score":0.6021349430084229},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5737239122390747},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/translation","display_name":"Translation (biology)","score":0.538478434085846},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.5262940526008606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","score":0.5027852058410645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/similarity","display_name":"Similarity (geometry)","score":0.501744270324707},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/virtual-reality","display_name":"Virtual reality","score":0.49062052369117737},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","score":0.4896862804889679},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/simulation","display_name":"Simulation","score":0.47218313813209534},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image-translation","display_name":"Image translation","score":0.4426223933696747},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/real-time-computing","display_name":"Real-time computing","score":0.32518792152404785}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7868466377258301},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C8642999","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4171168","display_name":"Hyperparameter","level":2,"score":0.6021349430084229},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5737239122390747},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149364088","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q185917","display_name":"Translation (biology)","level":4,"score":0.538478434085846},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.5262940526008606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776401178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12050496","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.5027852058410645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C103278499","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q254465","display_name":"Similarity (geometry)","level":3,"score":0.501744270324707},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C194969405","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170519","display_name":"Virtual reality","level":2,"score":0.49062052369117737},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.4896862804889679},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44154836","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q45045","display_name":"Simulation","level":1,"score":0.47218313813209534},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779757391","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6002292","display_name":"Image translation","level":3,"score":0.4426223933696747},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79403827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3988","display_name":"Real-time computing","level":1,"score":0.32518792152404785},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105580179","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188928","display_name":"Messenger RNA","level":3,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104317684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187","display_name":"Gene","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2023.3262991","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2023.3262991","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/10086509.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:5da04f96029149b3a62a555a28df1d05","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/5da04f96029149b3a62a555a28df1d05","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 11, Pp 33915-33927 (2023)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2023.3262991","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2023.3262991","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/10086509.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4909524401","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"22-DPIC-19","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322030","funder_display_name":"Ministry of Science, ICT and Future Planning"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7778807859","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"22-DPIC-17","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322030","funder_display_name":"Ministry of Science, ICT and Future Planning"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320671","display_name":"National Research Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/05s0g1g46"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322030","display_name":"Ministry of Science, ICT and Future Planning","ror":"https://ror.org/032e49973"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322120","display_name":"National Research Foundation of Korea","ror":"https://ror.org/013aysd81"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320328359","display_name":"Ministry of Science and ICT, South Korea","ror":"https://ror.org/01wpjm123"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4361862395.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4361862395.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":21,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2108598243","https://openalex.org/W2141983208","https://openalex.org/W2590274298","https://openalex.org/W2780740184","https://openalex.org/W2947304855","https://openalex.org/W2962793481","https://openalex.org/W2963470893","https://openalex.org/W2981441441","https://openalex.org/W3092639356","https://openalex.org/W3097247087","https://openalex.org/W3115511661","https://openalex.org/W3120584787","https://openalex.org/W3159266700","https://openalex.org/W3163545977","https://openalex.org/W3163565647","https://openalex.org/W3173268697","https://openalex.org/W3208242962","https://openalex.org/W4288064690","https://openalex.org/W6727340567","https://openalex.org/W6745935785","https://openalex.org/W6765779288"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2359614599","https://openalex.org/W4288069866","https://openalex.org/W4389232935","https://openalex.org/W3155045749","https://openalex.org/W2936127876","https://openalex.org/W4387421677","https://openalex.org/W4213477128","https://openalex.org/W2957407072","https://openalex.org/W4312511225","https://openalex.org/W4281776416"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Autonomous":[0],"vehicle":[1],"(AV)":[2],"simulation":[3,244],"using":[4,102,133,190],"a":[5,27,110,202],"virtual":[6,32],"environment":[7,33],"has":[8],"the":[9,31,35,58,61,67,70,75,86,89,98,114,125,134,154,169,184,187,195,198,208,219,222,233,241],"advantage":[10],"of":[11,60,69,189,197,221,243],"being":[12],"able":[13],"to":[14,42,55,84,152,194,239],"test":[15],"algorithms":[16],"in":[17,40,82,121,183,207,227],"various":[18],"scenarios":[19],"with":[20,117,143],"reduced":[21],"resources.":[22],"However,":[23],"there":[24],"may":[25],"exist":[26],"visual":[28],"gap":[29,242],"between":[30],"and":[34,64,119,130,200],"real-world.":[36,246],"In":[37],"this":[38,44],"paper,":[39],"order":[41,83],"mitigate":[43,240],"gap,":[45],"we":[46,96,108,127,149],"trained":[47],"Dual":[48],"Contrastive":[49],"Learning":[50],"Generative":[51],"Adversarial":[52],"Networks":[53],"(DCLGAN)":[54],"realistically":[56],"convert":[57],"image":[59,139],"CARLA":[62,115,158],"simulator":[63,116],"then":[65],"evaluated":[66],"effect":[68],"Sim2Real":[71],"conversion":[72],"focusing":[73],"on":[74],"lane":[76,90,155,173,199,213,223],"keeping":[77],"assist":[78],"system":[79,111],"(LKAS).":[80],"Moreover,":[81],"avoid":[85],"case":[87,188],"where":[88],"is":[91],"translated":[92],"distortedly":[93],"by":[94,180],"DCLGAN,":[95],"found":[97],"optimal":[99],"training":[100],"hyperparameters":[101],"feature":[103],"similarity":[104],"(FSIM).":[105],"After":[106],"training,":[107],"built":[109],"that":[112,160,232],"connected":[113],"DCLGAN":[118,163,191,211],"AV":[120],"real-time.":[122],"As":[123],"for":[124],"result,":[126],"collected":[128],"data":[129],"analyzed":[131],"them":[132],"following":[135],"four":[136],"methods.":[137],"First,":[138],"reality":[140],"was":[141,178],"measured":[142],"Fr\u00e9chet":[144],"Inception":[145],"Distance":[146],"(FID),":[147],"which":[148],"quantitatively":[150],"verified":[151],"reflect":[153],"characteristics.":[156],"The":[157],"images":[159],"passed":[161],"through":[162,176],"had":[164,201],"smaller":[165],"FID":[166],"values":[167],"than":[168],"original":[170],"images.":[171],"Second,":[172],"segmentation":[174],"accuracy":[175],"ENet-SAD":[177],"improved":[179,212],"DCLGAN.":[181],"Third,":[182],"curved":[185],"route,":[186,210],"drove":[192],"closer":[193],"center":[196,220],"high":[203],"success":[204],"rate.":[205],"Lastly,":[206],"straight":[209],"restoring":[214],"ability":[215],"after":[216],"deviating":[217],"from":[218],"as":[224,226],"much":[225],"reality.":[228],"Consequently,":[229],"it":[230],"convinced":[231],"proposed":[234],"method":[235],"could":[236],"be":[237],"applicable":[238],"toward":[245]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-05-06T08:25:59.206177","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
