{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4360897671","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2023.3261562","title":"Explainable YouTube Video Identification Using Sufficient Input Subsets","display_name":"Explainable YouTube Video Identification Using Sufficient Input Subsets","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4360897671","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2023.3261562"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2023.3261562","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2023.3261562","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/10005208/10080939.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/10005208/10080939.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103131323","display_name":"Waleed Afandi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7103-3844"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I16076960","display_name":"COMSATS University Islamabad","ror":"https://ror.org/00nqqvk19","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I16076960"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Waleed Afandi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, COMSATS University Islamabad, Abbottabad, Pakistan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, COMSATS University Islamabad, Abbottabad, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I16076960"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5078487772","display_name":"Syed M. A. H. Bukhari","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6359-5879"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I16076960","display_name":"COMSATS University Islamabad","ror":"https://ror.org/00nqqvk19","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I16076960"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Syed Muhammad Ammar Hassan Bukhari","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, COMSATS University Islamabad, Abbottabad, Pakistan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6359-5879","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, COMSATS University Islamabad, Abbottabad, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I16076960"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5004447380","display_name":"Muhammad Usman Shahid Khan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7299-621X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I16076960","display_name":"COMSATS University Islamabad","ror":"https://ror.org/00nqqvk19","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I16076960"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Muhammad U. S. Khan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, COMSATS University Islamabad, Abbottabad, Pakistan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7299-621X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, COMSATS University Islamabad, Abbottabad, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I16076960"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5074668532","display_name":"Tahir Maqsood","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0439-5700"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I16076960","display_name":"COMSATS University Islamabad","ror":"https://ror.org/00nqqvk19","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I16076960"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tahir Maqsood","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, COMSATS University Islamabad, Abbottabad, Pakistan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, COMSATS University Islamabad, Abbottabad, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I16076960"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5009333545","display_name":"Muhammad A. B. Fayyaz","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1794-3000"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I11983389","display_name":"Manchester Metropolitan University","ror":"https://ror.org/02hstj355","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I11983389"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Muhammad A. B. Fayyaz","raw_affiliation_strings":["OTEHM, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, U.K"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1794-3000","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"OTEHM, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I11983389"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5063267124","display_name":"Ali Ansari","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5090-7813"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I179311214","display_name":"Gulf University for Science & Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/04d9rzd67","country_code":"KW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I179311214"]}],"countries":["KW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ali R. Ansari","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Gulf University for Science and Technology, Mubarak Al-Abdullah, Kuwait"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5090-7813","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Gulf University for Science and Technology, Mubarak Al-Abdullah, Kuwait","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I179311214"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5087735486","display_name":"Raheel Nawaz","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9588-0052"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I198012923","display_name":"University of Staffordshire","ror":"https://ror.org/00d6k8y35","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I198012923"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Raheel Nawaz","raw_affiliation_strings":["Pro Vice Chancellor (Digital Transformation), Staffordshire University, Stoke-on-Trent, England, U.K"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9588-0052","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Pro Vice Chancellor (Digital Transformation), Staffordshire University, Stoke-on-Trent, England, U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I198012923"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":0.3931,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":4,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.53126024,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"11","issue":null,"first_page":"33178","last_page":"33188"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12357","display_name":"Digital Media Forensic Detection","score":0.9951000213623047,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12357","display_name":"Digital Media Forensic Detection","score":0.9951000213623047,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11512","display_name":"Anomaly Detection Techniques and Applications","score":0.993399977684021,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10775","display_name":"Generative Adversarial Networks and Image Synthesis","score":0.9921000003814697,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8606255054473877},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/convolutional-neural-network","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","score":0.5825355648994446},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/classifier","display_name":"Classifier (UML)","score":0.5656759738922119},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5512189269065857},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.5063506364822388},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cluster-analysis","display_name":"Cluster analysis","score":0.4966190457344055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/identification","display_name":"Identification (biology)","score":0.48048606514930725},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining","display_name":"Data mining","score":0.4601270854473114},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/network-packet","display_name":"Network packet","score":0.43538475036621094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/graph","display_name":"Graph","score":0.4126568138599396},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.3309043347835541},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/theoretical-computer-science","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","score":0.10766482353210449}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8606255054473877},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81363708","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17084460","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","level":2,"score":0.5825355648994446},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95623464","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1096149","display_name":"Classifier (UML)","level":2,"score":0.5656759738922119},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5512189269065857},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.5063506364822388},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C73555534","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q622825","display_name":"Cluster analysis","level":2,"score":0.4966190457344055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C116834253","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2039217","display_name":"Identification (biology)","level":2,"score":0.48048606514930725},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.4601270854473114},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158379750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q214111","display_name":"Network packet","level":2,"score":0.43538475036621094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C132525143","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141488","display_name":"Graph","level":2,"score":0.4126568138599396},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.3309043347835541},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80444323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2878974","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","level":1,"score":0.10766482353210449},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C59822182","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q441","display_name":"Botany","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2023.3261562","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2023.3261562","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/10005208/10080939.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:eprints.staffs.ac.uk:8461","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":null,"pdf_url":"https://eprints.staffs.ac.uk/8461/1/Explainable_YouTube_Video_Identification_Using_Sufficient_Input_Subsets.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401113","display_name":"Staffordshire Online Repository (Staffordshire University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I198012923","host_organization_name":"University of Staffordshire","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I198012923"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:d3ac9e7fb0314e61a743305b6675f960","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/d3ac9e7fb0314e61a743305b6675f960","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 11, Pp 33178-33188 (2023)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2023.3261562","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2023.3261562","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/10005208/10080939.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1087911719","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"RF-NCCS-023","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322799","funder_display_name":"Higher Education Commission, Pakistan"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322799","display_name":"Higher Education Commission, Pakistan","ror":"https://ror.org/038y3sz68"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4360897671.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4360897671.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":40,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1787224781","https://openalex.org/W1849277567","https://openalex.org/W1972567154","https://openalex.org/W2006907251","https://openalex.org/W2150165932","https://openalex.org/W2297788108","https://openalex.org/W2516809705","https://openalex.org/W2527802371","https://openalex.org/W2598137689","https://openalex.org/W2745673637","https://openalex.org/W2773497437","https://openalex.org/W2782630856","https://openalex.org/W2793336017","https://openalex.org/W2890416412","https://openalex.org/W2919115771","https://openalex.org/W2919873176","https://openalex.org/W2939518202","https://openalex.org/W2962851944","https://openalex.org/W2963233086","https://openalex.org/W2964526105","https://openalex.org/W2990595241","https://openalex.org/W3010388538","https://openalex.org/W3032547911","https://openalex.org/W3035952106","https://openalex.org/W3100532166","https://openalex.org/W3115674042","https://openalex.org/W4211118398","https://openalex.org/W4221158900","https://openalex.org/W4285820010","https://openalex.org/W6681608319","https://openalex.org/W6685133223","https://openalex.org/W6734194636","https://openalex.org/W6736518430","https://openalex.org/W6743795535","https://openalex.org/W6746876212","https://openalex.org/W6747696956","https://openalex.org/W6755438426","https://openalex.org/W6760147015","https://openalex.org/W6775082190","https://openalex.org/W6810472528"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4391621807","https://openalex.org/W4298130764","https://openalex.org/W2804364458","https://openalex.org/W4321487865","https://openalex.org/W2132641928","https://openalex.org/W4310225030","https://openalex.org/W4313906399","https://openalex.org/W2090259340","https://openalex.org/W4391621790","https://openalex.org/W1926736923"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Neural":[0,118],"network":[1,55],"models":[2],"are":[3,14,41,113,172,225,230],"black":[4,12],"boxes":[5,13],"in":[6,34,43,54],"nature.":[7],"The":[8,68,94,124,188,204,214],"mechanics":[9],"behind":[10,239],"these":[11,24,228],"practically":[15],"unexplainable.":[16],"Having":[17],"the":[18,32,66,88,92,98,176,186,208,243,246],"insight":[19],"into":[20],"patterns":[21,52,89,210,216,229],"identified":[22],"by":[23,91,185,218],"algorithms":[25,40],"can":[26,58],"help":[27],"unravel":[28],"important":[29],"properties":[30],"of":[31,100,138,183,191,221,245],"subject":[33],"query.":[35],"These":[36,111],"artificial":[37],"intelligence":[38],"based":[39,128],"used":[42,167,231],"every":[44],"domain":[45],"for":[46,121,145,211],"prediction.":[47],"This":[48],"research":[49],"focuses":[50],"on":[51,78,102,129],"formed":[53],"traffic":[56,130],"that":[57,134,150,171],"be":[59],"leveraged":[60],"to":[61,84,106,115,143,151,168,174,232,241],"identify":[62,169],"videos":[63,101,224],"streaming":[64],"over":[65],"network.":[67],"proposed":[69],"work":[70],"uses":[71],"a":[72,103,116,136,152,160,180,237],"sufficient":[73,161,173],"input":[74,162,193],"subset":[75,163],"(SIS)":[76,164],"model":[77,158,165,220],"two":[79],"separate":[80],"video":[81],"identification":[82,133],"techniques":[83],"understand":[85],"and":[86,200,235],"explain":[87],"detected":[90],"techniques.":[93],"first":[95],"technique":[96,126],"creates":[97,135],"fingerprints":[99,112],"period-based":[104],"algorithm":[105],"handle":[107],"variable":[108],"bitrate":[109],"inconsistencies.":[110],"passed":[114],"convolutional":[117],"Network":[119],"(CNN)":[120],"pattern":[122,131],"recognition.":[123],"second":[125],"is":[127,166,195],"plot":[132],"graph":[137],"packet":[139],"size":[140],"with":[141],"respect":[142],"time":[144],"each":[146,192,212,219],"stream":[147],"before":[148],"passing":[149],"CNN":[153],"as":[154],"an":[155],"image.":[156],"For":[157],"explainability,":[159],"features":[170],"reach":[175],"same":[177],"prediction":[178],"under":[179],"certain":[181],"threshold":[182],"confidence":[184],"model.":[187,248],"generated":[189],"SIS":[190,206,215],"sample":[194],"clustered":[196,205],"using":[197],"DBSCAN,":[198],"K-Means,":[199],"cosine-based":[201],"Hierarchical":[202],"clustering.":[203],"highlight":[207],"common":[209],"class.":[213],"learnt":[217],"three":[222],"individual":[223],"discussed.":[226],"Furthermore,":[227],"investigate":[233],"misclassification":[234],"provide":[236],"rationale":[238],"it":[240],"justify":[242],"working":[244],"classifier":[247]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-07-15T18:14:33.161393","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}