{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4360897891","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2023.3261337","title":"Design and Implementation of Hybrid DC-DC Converter: A Review","display_name":"Design and Implementation of Hybrid DC-DC Converter: A Review","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4360897891","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2023.3261337"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2023.3261337","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2023.3261337","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/10080937.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"review","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/10080937.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5053581321","display_name":"Teck Seong Chang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9529-1562"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I33849332","display_name":"University of Malaya","ror":"https://ror.org/00rzspn62","country_code":"MY","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I33849332"]}],"countries":["MY"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Teck Seong Chang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I33849332"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5048516028","display_name":"Harikrishnan Ramiah","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I33849332","display_name":"University of Malaya","ror":"https://ror.org/00rzspn62","country_code":"MY","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I33849332"]}],"countries":["MY"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Harikrishnan Ramiah","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I33849332"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5003985219","display_name":"Yang Jiang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2577-4259"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204512498","display_name":"University of Macau","ror":"https://ror.org/01r4q9n85","country_code":"MO","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204512498"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210119392","display_name":"Institute of Microelectronics","ror":"https://ror.org/02s6gs133","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210119392"]}],"countries":["CN","MO"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yang Jiang","raw_affiliation_strings":["State-Key Laboratory of Analog and Mixed Signal VLSI, Faculty of Science and Technology&#x2014;ECE, Institute of Microelectronics, University of Macau, Macau, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State-Key Laboratory of Analog and Mixed Signal VLSI, Faculty of Science and Technology&#x2014;ECE, Institute of Microelectronics, University of Macau, Macau, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210119392","https://openalex.org/I204512498"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5088768318","display_name":"Chee Cheow Lim","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1848-0634"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I181397559","display_name":"Asia Pacific University of Technology & Innovation","ror":"https://ror.org/03c52a632","country_code":"MY","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I181397559"]}],"countries":["MY"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chee Cheow Lim","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Engineering, Asia Pacific University of Technology &#x0026; Innovation, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Engineering, Asia Pacific University of Technology &#x0026; Innovation, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I181397559"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5042582772","display_name":"Nai Shyan Lai","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0925-5072"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I181397559","display_name":"Asia Pacific University of Technology & Innovation","ror":"https://ror.org/03c52a632","country_code":"MY","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I181397559"]}],"countries":["MY"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nai Shyan Lai","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Engineering, Asia Pacific University of Technology &#x0026; Innovation, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Engineering, Asia Pacific University of Technology &#x0026; Innovation, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I181397559"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5058845450","display_name":"Pui\u2010In Mak","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3579-8740"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204512498","display_name":"University of Macau","ror":"https://ror.org/01r4q9n85","country_code":"MO","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204512498"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210119392","display_name":"Institute of Microelectronics","ror":"https://ror.org/02s6gs133","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210119392"]}],"countries":["CN","MO"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Pui-In Mak","raw_affiliation_strings":["State-Key Laboratory of Analog and Mixed Signal VLSI, Faculty of Science and Technology&#x2014;ECE, Institute of Microelectronics, University of Macau, Macau, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State-Key Laboratory of Analog and Mixed Signal VLSI, Faculty of Science and Technology&#x2014;ECE, Institute of Microelectronics, University of Macau, Macau, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210119392","https://openalex.org/I204512498"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5106943352","display_name":"Rui P. Martins","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2821-648X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204512498","display_name":"University of Macau","ror":"https://ror.org/01r4q9n85","country_code":"MO","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204512498"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210119392","display_name":"Institute of Microelectronics","ror":"https://ror.org/02s6gs133","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210119392"]}],"countries":["CN","MO"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rui P. Martins","raw_affiliation_strings":["State-Key Laboratory of Analog and Mixed Signal VLSI, Faculty of Science and Technology&#x2014;ECE, Institute of Microelectronics, University of Macau, Macau, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State-Key Laboratory of Analog and Mixed Signal VLSI, Faculty of Science and Technology&#x2014;ECE, Institute of Microelectronics, University of Macau, Macau, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210119392","https://openalex.org/I204512498"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":7,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5053581321"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I33849332"],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":2.7371,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":21,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.90576279,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"11","issue":null,"first_page":"30498","last_page":"30514"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10175","display_name":"Advanced DC-DC Converters","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10175","display_name":"Advanced DC-DC Converters","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10361","display_name":"Silicon Carbide Semiconductor Technologies","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10228","display_name":"Multilevel Inverters and Converters","score":0.9991000294685364,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/inductor","display_name":"Inductor","score":0.6228142380714417},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6194638609886169},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.5252237319946289},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cmos","display_name":"CMOS","score":0.5056676864624023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.49976491928100586},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/capacitor","display_name":"Capacitor","score":0.47702428698539734},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/converters","display_name":"Converters","score":0.46075376868247986},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/power-management","display_name":"Power management","score":0.42725950479507446},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/boost-converter","display_name":"Boost converter","score":0.41679713129997253},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/power","display_name":"Power (physics)","score":0.37289363145828247},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/voltage","display_name":"Voltage","score":0.22671157121658325},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.2210548222064972},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.10788178443908691}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144534570","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5325","display_name":"Inductor","level":3,"score":0.6228142380714417},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6194638609886169},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.5252237319946289},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46362747","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173431","display_name":"CMOS","level":2,"score":0.5056676864624023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.49976491928100586},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52192207","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5322","display_name":"Capacitor","level":3,"score":0.47702428698539734},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778422915","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10302051","display_name":"Converters","level":3,"score":0.46075376868247986},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778774385","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4437810","display_name":"Power management","level":3,"score":0.42725950479507446},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78336795","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q760134","display_name":"Boost converter","level":3,"score":0.41679713129997253},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.37289363145828247},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165801399","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25428","display_name":"Voltage","level":2,"score":0.22671157121658325},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.2210548222064972},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.10788178443908691},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2023.3261337","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2023.3261337","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/10080937.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:f54ac76944324a17a107c91f52163d32","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/f54ac76944324a17a107c91f52163d32","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 11, Pp 30498-30514 (2023)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2023.3261337","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2023.3261337","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/10080937.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","score":0.7200000286102295}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4360897891.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4360897891.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":76,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1599867408","https://openalex.org/W1983187319","https://openalex.org/W2001442398","https://openalex.org/W2022999871","https://openalex.org/W2033882929","https://openalex.org/W2079442988","https://openalex.org/W2128660367","https://openalex.org/W2165295961","https://openalex.org/W2175864411","https://openalex.org/W2314035716","https://openalex.org/W2342558838","https://openalex.org/W2342666747","https://openalex.org/W2506536994","https://openalex.org/W2507228054","https://openalex.org/W2508112197","https://openalex.org/W2552288005","https://openalex.org/W2594013996","https://openalex.org/W2747082052","https://openalex.org/W2748346921","https://openalex.org/W2760639475","https://openalex.org/W2763471838","https://openalex.org/W2792104353","https://openalex.org/W2902845677","https://openalex.org/W2903371319","https://openalex.org/W2910347877","https://openalex.org/W2920872374","https://openalex.org/W2920875918","https://openalex.org/W2921905993","https://openalex.org/W2922228113","https://openalex.org/W2967079324","https://openalex.org/W2972245073","https://openalex.org/W2983597030","https://openalex.org/W2986734433","https://openalex.org/W2995112842","https://openalex.org/W3017962081","https://openalex.org/W3019456920","https://openalex.org/W3037914159","https://openalex.org/W3042365277","https://openalex.org/W3081043329","https://openalex.org/W3089650191","https://openalex.org/W3091891573","https://openalex.org/W3108884773","https://openalex.org/W3115610077","https://openalex.org/W3117307135","https://openalex.org/W3128025572","https://openalex.org/W3134966281","https://openalex.org/W3135731091","https://openalex.org/W3143663010","https://openalex.org/W3159679805","https://openalex.org/W3170147364","https://openalex.org/W3171357689","https://openalex.org/W3172456073","https://openalex.org/W3184289612","https://openalex.org/W3190325689","https://openalex.org/W3203519965","https://openalex.org/W3207371168","https://openalex.org/W3216876967","https://openalex.org/W4210282947","https://openalex.org/W4220685586","https://openalex.org/W4220699818","https://openalex.org/W4220881610","https://openalex.org/W4220992019","https://openalex.org/W4221028079","https://openalex.org/W4221035137","https://openalex.org/W4221037816","https://openalex.org/W4226166657","https://openalex.org/W4226266127","https://openalex.org/W4226415399","https://openalex.org/W4280647972","https://openalex.org/W4285108854","https://openalex.org/W4285170000","https://openalex.org/W4285243935","https://openalex.org/W4286514013","https://openalex.org/W4292261450","https://openalex.org/W4308435689","https://openalex.org/W6982111462"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W631083485","https://openalex.org/W2027630214","https://openalex.org/W4313452936","https://openalex.org/W1561400108","https://openalex.org/W3013760104","https://openalex.org/W4386264909","https://openalex.org/W2161636646","https://openalex.org/W4391036621","https://openalex.org/W2367362335","https://openalex.org/W3147108137"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0],"advancement":[1],"in":[2,67,82,119,130,152],"Power":[3],"Management":[4],"Integrated":[5],"Circuit":[6],"(PMIC)":[7],"has":[8],"driven":[9],"the":[10,34,79,92,131,145,165,171,188],"DC-DC":[11],"conversion":[12,103],"technology":[13,21,116],"into":[14],"a":[15,56,60,156],"System-on-Chip":[16],"(SoC)":[17],"solutions,":[18],"leveraging":[19],"CMOS":[20],"scaling":[22],"from":[23],"180nm":[24],"to":[25,69,90,163,186],"22nm":[26],"and":[27,62,71,108,114,125,142,183],"on-chip":[28,122],"passive":[29],"element":[30],"integration.":[31],"Concurrently,":[32],"as":[33,95,144],"applications":[35,89],"demand":[36],"smaller":[37,180],"form":[38],"factor":[39],"solution":[40],"towards":[41],"device":[42],"portability":[43],"with":[44,51,139,160,170],"optimized":[45],"power":[46,106,140],"qualities,":[47],"switched-capacitor-inductor":[48],"hybrid":[49,83,133],"architectures":[50],"fully-integrated":[52],"passives":[53],"have":[54],"become":[55],"popular":[57],"choice":[58],"for":[59,87,179],"compact":[61],"high":[63,99],"efficiency":[64,143],"converter":[65,135],"solution,":[66],"contrast":[68],"bulky":[70],"discrete":[72],"component":[73],"based":[74],"alternatives.":[75],"This":[76],"article":[77],"reviews":[78],"latest":[80],"advancements":[81],"dc-dc":[84,134],"topologies,":[85],"specifically":[86],"low-power":[88,153],"address":[91],"downsides":[93],"such":[94],"charge":[96],"sharing":[97],"loss,":[98],"current":[100,189],"ripple,":[101],"limited":[102],"ratio,":[104],"low":[105],"density":[107,141],"efficiency.":[109],"An":[110],"overview":[111],"of":[112,121,167,174],"capacitor":[113],"inductor":[115,182],"is":[117,137,158],"discussed":[118],"terms":[120],"parasitic":[123],"losses,":[124],"miniaturization.":[126],"A":[127],"comprehensive":[128],"comparison":[129],"state-of-the-art":[132],"work":[136],"tabulated":[138],"primary":[146],"performance":[147],"metrics,":[148],"highlighting":[149],"their":[150],"operability":[151],"applications.":[154],"Moreover,":[155],"discussion":[157],"included":[159],"quantified":[161],"benchmarks":[162],"justify":[164],"viability":[166],"converters,":[168],"along":[169],"future":[172],"recommendation":[173],"realizing":[175],"ultra-high":[176],"switching":[177],"frequency":[178],"footprint":[181],"design":[184],"approach":[185],"resolve":[187],"tradeoff":[190],"bottlenecks.":[191]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-03-27T05:58:40.876381","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
