{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4360770918","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2023.3261133","title":"A Novel Image Cryptosystem Inspired by the Generation of Biological Protein Sequences","display_name":"A Novel Image Cryptosystem Inspired by the Generation of Biological Protein Sequences","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4360770918","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2023.3261133"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2023.3261133","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2023.3261133","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/10078855.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/10078855.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5027401039","display_name":"Mohammad Nassef","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8903-6944"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I145487455","display_name":"Cairo University","ror":"https://ror.org/03q21mh05","country_code":"EG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I145487455"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210099699","display_name":"University of Jeddah","ror":"https://ror.org/015ya8798","country_code":"SA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210099699"]}],"countries":["EG","SA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mohammad Nassef","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence, College of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Jeddah, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia","Department of Computer Science, Faculty of Computers and Artificial Intelligence, Cairo University, Egypt"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8903-6944","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence, College of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Jeddah, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210099699"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, Faculty of Computers and Artificial Intelligence, Cairo University, Egypt","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I145487455"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5003550104","display_name":"Monagi H. Alkinani","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7658-7085"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210099699","display_name":"University of Jeddah","ror":"https://ror.org/015ya8798","country_code":"SA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210099699"]}],"countries":["SA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Monagi H. Alkinani","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence, College of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Jeddah, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7658-7085","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence, College of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Jeddah, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210099699"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102984384","display_name":"Ahmed Shafik","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0009-7539-7712"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I145487455","display_name":"Cairo University","ror":"https://ror.org/03q21mh05","country_code":"EG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I145487455"]}],"countries":["EG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ahmed Mahmoud Shafik","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0009-7539-7712","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I145487455"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":0.5866,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":6,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.61688236,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"11","issue":null,"first_page":"29101","last_page":"29115"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11017","display_name":"Chaos-based Image/Signal Encryption","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11017","display_name":"Chaos-based Image/Signal Encryption","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11269","display_name":"Algorithms and Data Compression","score":0.9905999898910522,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10951","display_name":"Cryptographic Implementations and Security","score":0.9821000099182129,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/encryption","display_name":"Encryption","score":0.7909646034240723},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cryptosystem","display_name":"Cryptosystem","score":0.6970676779747009},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cryptography","display_name":"Cryptography","score":0.6398030519485474},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.62217777967453},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pixel","display_name":"Pixel","score":0.5517324805259705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scrambling","display_name":"Scrambling","score":0.5265073180198669},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/grayscale","display_name":"Grayscale","score":0.4896107316017151},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","score":0.45424968004226685},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/theoretical-computer-science","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","score":0.4486605226993561},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lossless-compression","display_name":"Lossless compression","score":0.44533541798591614},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.3966488838195801},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.35434362292289734},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-compression","display_name":"Data compression","score":0.22728204727172852},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.13355180621147156}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148730421","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141090","display_name":"Encryption","level":2,"score":0.7909646034240723},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C6295992","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q976521","display_name":"Cryptosystem","level":3,"score":0.6970676779747009},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178489894","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8789","display_name":"Cryptography","level":2,"score":0.6398030519485474},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.62217777967453},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160633673","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q355198","display_name":"Pixel","level":2,"score":0.5517324805259705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C182548165","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2261483","display_name":"Scrambling","level":2,"score":0.5265073180198669},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78201319","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q685727","display_name":"Grayscale","level":3,"score":0.4896107316017151},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.45424968004226685},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80444323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2878974","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","level":1,"score":0.4486605226993561},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81081738","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q55542","display_name":"Lossless compression","level":3,"score":0.44533541798591614},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.3966488838195801},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.35434362292289734},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78548338","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2493","display_name":"Data compression","level":2,"score":0.22728204727172852},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.13355180621147156}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2023.3261133","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2023.3261133","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/10078855.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:cb7505a946bc492ba4748091e302e31d","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/cb7505a946bc492ba4748091e302e31d","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 11, Pp 29101-29115 (2023)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2023.3261133","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2023.3261133","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/10078855.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8146025832","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"UJ-21-DR-26","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320329038","funder_display_name":"University of Jeddah"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320329038","display_name":"University of Jeddah","ror":"https://ror.org/015ya8798"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4360770918.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4360770918.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":35,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1527632333","https://openalex.org/W2000390755","https://openalex.org/W2010950703","https://openalex.org/W2020039621","https://openalex.org/W2030573814","https://openalex.org/W2053111047","https://openalex.org/W2060791695","https://openalex.org/W2082589311","https://openalex.org/W2115331920","https://openalex.org/W2116191706","https://openalex.org/W2125349979","https://openalex.org/W2471113804","https://openalex.org/W2500458381","https://openalex.org/W2503534931","https://openalex.org/W2510844895","https://openalex.org/W2735138488","https://openalex.org/W2746096726","https://openalex.org/W2801259523","https://openalex.org/W2805129962","https://openalex.org/W2969555319","https://openalex.org/W2982113164","https://openalex.org/W2997684262","https://openalex.org/W3039611641","https://openalex.org/W3089532416","https://openalex.org/W3159927403","https://openalex.org/W3171656817","https://openalex.org/W3214618771","https://openalex.org/W3217337075","https://openalex.org/W4241366606","https://openalex.org/W4281924877","https://openalex.org/W4284974528","https://openalex.org/W4285587171","https://openalex.org/W4310067968","https://openalex.org/W6628775268","https://openalex.org/W6720269637"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W69312893","https://openalex.org/W2349686135","https://openalex.org/W84934912","https://openalex.org/W936781193","https://openalex.org/W2353936545","https://openalex.org/W2029021368","https://openalex.org/W4232705780","https://openalex.org/W2965484163","https://openalex.org/W2512006651","https://openalex.org/W2096221836"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Image":[0],"encryption":[1],"is":[2,68],"essential":[3],"to":[4,28,51,136],"keep":[5,29],"images":[6,32],"secure":[7],"either":[8],"in":[9,101,151],"personal":[10],"devices":[11],"or":[12],"over":[13],"the":[14,25,30,73,107,127,142,146],"cloud":[15],"drives.":[16],"Various":[17],"robust":[18],"image":[19,59,74,148],"cryptosystems":[20],"have":[21],"been":[22,114],"implemented":[23],"during":[24],"past":[26],"decades":[27],"encrypted":[31,108],"far":[33],"from":[34],"illegal":[35],"decryption":[36],"by":[37],"eavesdroppers.":[38],"Biological":[39],"sequences":[40,77,94],"contain":[41],"high":[42,152],"density":[43],"information":[44],"that":[45,67,154],"introduce":[46],"new":[47],"challenges":[48],"and":[49,85,90,97,119,126],"opportunities":[50],"traditional":[52],"cryptography.":[53],"This":[54],"article":[55],"presents":[56],"a":[57],"novel":[58],"cryptosystem,":[60],"namely":[61],"<italic":[62,82,86,129],"xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"":[63,83,87,130],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">Image-to-Protein":[64],"(I2P)</i>":[65],",":[66],"based":[69],"on":[70,116],"successively":[71],"encoding":[72,132,144],"pixels":[75,149],"into":[76,95,106],"of":[78,145],"symbols":[79],"analogous":[80],"biological":[81,143],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">DNA</i>":[84],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">Protein</i>":[88,131],"sequences,":[89],"then":[91],"scrambling":[92],"these":[93],"frequent":[96],"non-frequent":[98],"patterns":[99],"which":[100],"turn":[102],"are":[103],"binary":[104],"encoded":[105],"file.":[109],"The":[110,122],"proposed":[111],"cryptosystem":[112],"has":[113],"applied":[115],"experimental":[117],"grayscale":[118],"color":[120],"images.":[121],"large":[123],"key":[124],"space":[125],"complicated":[128],"operations":[133],"guaranteed":[134],"resistance":[135],"many":[137],"known":[138,162],"cryptographic":[139],"attacks.":[140],"Furthermore,":[141],"plain":[147],"resulted":[150],"similarity":[153],"achieved":[155],"noticeable":[156],"lossless":[157],"compression":[158,164],"when":[159],"compressed":[160],"using":[161],"text":[163],"techniques.":[165]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-07-21T08:15:58.654021","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}