{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4327808721","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2023.3258923","title":"Assessment of Spatial and Temporal Modeling on Greenhouse Gas Emissions From Electricity Generation","display_name":"Assessment of Spatial and Temporal Modeling on Greenhouse Gas Emissions From Electricity Generation","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4327808721","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2023.3258923"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2023.3258923","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2023.3258923","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/10075455.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/10075455.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5061396460","display_name":"Ameen Sarhan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0645-9731"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I79156528","display_name":"Universiti Tenaga Nasional","ror":"https://ror.org/03kxdn807","country_code":"MY","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I79156528","https://openalex.org/I874769580"]}],"countries":["MY"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Ameen Sarhan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, College of Engineering, Institute of Power Engineering, Universiti Tenaga Nasional, Jalan Ikram-Uniten, Kajang, Malaysia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0645-9731","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, College of Engineering, Institute of Power Engineering, Universiti Tenaga Nasional, Jalan Ikram-Uniten, Kajang, Malaysia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I79156528"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5017310885","display_name":"Vigna K. Ramachandaramurthy","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0386-3138"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I79156528","display_name":"Universiti Tenaga Nasional","ror":"https://ror.org/03kxdn807","country_code":"MY","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I79156528","https://openalex.org/I874769580"]}],"countries":["MY"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Vigna K. Ramachandaramurthy","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, College of Engineering, Institute of Power Engineering, Universiti Tenaga Nasional, Jalan Ikram-Uniten, Kajang, Malaysia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0386-3138","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, College of Engineering, Institute of Power Engineering, Universiti Tenaga Nasional, Jalan Ikram-Uniten, Kajang, Malaysia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I79156528"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101716703","display_name":"C. S. Tan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1434-8246"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I79156528","display_name":"Universiti Tenaga Nasional","ror":"https://ror.org/03kxdn807","country_code":"MY","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I79156528","https://openalex.org/I874769580"]}],"countries":["MY"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tan Ching Sin","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, College of Engineering, Institute of Power Engineering, Universiti Tenaga Nasional, Jalan Ikram-Uniten, Kajang, Malaysia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1434-8246","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, College of Engineering, Institute of Power Engineering, Universiti Tenaga Nasional, Jalan Ikram-Uniten, Kajang, Malaysia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I79156528"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5025451139","display_name":"Sara Walker","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2653-7792"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1299528221","display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council","ror":"https://ror.org/0439y7842","country_code":"GB","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299528221","https://openalex.org/I4210087105"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I84884186","display_name":"Newcastle University","ror":"https://ror.org/01kj2bm70","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I84884186"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sara L. Walker","raw_affiliation_strings":["EPSRC National Centre for Energy Systems Integration, School of Engineering, Merz Court, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, U.K"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2653-7792","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"EPSRC National Centre for Energy Systems Integration, School of Engineering, Merz Court, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1299528221","https://openalex.org/I84884186"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5068990689","display_name":"Bello Salman","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3019-1592"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I307268238","display_name":"Kaduna State University","ror":"https://ror.org/0063tkv49","country_code":"NG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I307268238"]}],"countries":["NG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bello Salman","raw_affiliation_strings":["Center for Energy and Environmental Strategy Research, Kaduna State University, Tafawa Balewa Way, Kaduna, Nigeria"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center for Energy and Environmental Strategy Research, Kaduna State University, Tafawa Balewa Way, Kaduna, Nigeria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I307268238"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5005573392","display_name":"Sanjeevikumar Padmanaban","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3212-2750"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2801380234","display_name":"University of South-Eastern Norway","ror":"https://ror.org/05ecg5h20","country_code":"NO","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2801380234"]}],"countries":["NO"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sanjeevikumar Padmanaban","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering, IT and Cybernetic, University of South-Eastern Norway, Porsgrunn, Norway"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3212-2750","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, IT and Cybernetic, University of South-Eastern Norway, Porsgrunn, Norway","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2801380234"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":4,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5061396460"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I79156528"],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":0.5909,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":5,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.62212578,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"11","issue":null,"first_page":"97478","last_page":"97492"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10435","display_name":"Environmental Impact and Sustainability","score":0.9970999956130981,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2305","display_name":"Environmental Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10435","display_name":"Environmental Impact and Sustainability","score":0.9970999956130981,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2305","display_name":"Environmental Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10768","display_name":"Electric Vehicles and Infrastructure","score":0.9934999942779541,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11588","display_name":"Atmospheric and Environmental Gas Dynamics","score":0.993399977684021,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2306","display_name":"Global and Planetary Change"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/greenhouse-gas","display_name":"Greenhouse gas","score":0.8888207674026489},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electricity-generation","display_name":"Electricity generation","score":0.7412506341934204},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electricity","display_name":"Electricity","score":0.6545568704605103},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/environmental-science","display_name":"Environmental science","score":0.6317071914672852},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/environmental-economics","display_name":"Environmental economics","score":0.5968900918960571},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/renewable-energy","display_name":"Renewable energy","score":0.5791115164756775},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sustainability","display_name":"Sustainability","score":0.5226131081581116},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/temporal-resolution","display_name":"Temporal resolution","score":0.44242241978645325},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.32411378622055054},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/power","display_name":"Power (physics)","score":0.1818002164363861},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.16216301918029785},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/economics","display_name":"Economics","score":0.08821490406990051}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47737302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q167336","display_name":"Greenhouse gas","level":2,"score":0.8888207674026489},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C423512","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q383973","display_name":"Electricity generation","level":3,"score":0.7412506341934204},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C206658404","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12725","display_name":"Electricity","level":2,"score":0.6545568704605103},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.6317071914672852},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134560507","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q753291","display_name":"Environmental economics","level":1,"score":0.5968900918960571},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C188573790","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12705","display_name":"Renewable energy","level":2,"score":0.5791115164756775},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C66204764","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q219416","display_name":"Sustainability","level":2,"score":0.5226131081581116},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119666444","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5977280","display_name":"Temporal resolution","level":2,"score":0.44242241978645325},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.32411378622055054},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.1818002164363861},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.16216301918029785},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.08821490406990051},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18903297","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7150","display_name":"Ecology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2023.3258923","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2023.3258923","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/10075455.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pure.atira.dk:openaire_cris_publications/d5a917ef-700a-4326-9970-926b2f179a53","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://research.birmingham.ac.uk/en/publications/d5a917ef-700a-4326-9970-926b2f179a53","pdf_url":"https://pure-oai.bham.ac.uk/ws/files/218768976/Assessment_of_Spatial_and_Temporal_Modeling_on_Greenhouse_Gas_Emissions_From_Electricity_Generation.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402634","display_name":"University of Birmingham Research Portal (University of Birmingham)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I79619799","host_organization_name":"University of Birmingham","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I79619799"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sarhan, A, Ramachandaramurthy, V K, Sin, T C, Walker, S L, Salman, B & Padmanaban, S 2023, 'Assessment of Spatial and Temporal Modeling on Greenhouse Gas Emissions From Electricity Generation', IEEE Access, vol. 11, pp. 97478-97492. https://doi.org/10.1109/ACCESS.2023.3258923","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:6b07e981f8f549afbbe7ac67d78c66e1","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/6b07e981f8f549afbbe7ac67d78c66e1","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 11, Pp 97478-97492 (2023)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:eprints.ncl.ac.uk:290825","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":null,"pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402485","display_name":"Newcastle University ePrints (Newcastle Univesity)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I84884186","host_organization_name":"Newcastle University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I84884186"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":""}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2023.3258923","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2023.3258923","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/10075455.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1626023362","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"J510050002","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320325210","funder_display_name":"Universiti Tenaga Nasional"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3145861531","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"EP/P001173/1","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","funder_display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3913404883","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"J510050002/2021169","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320325210","funder_display_name":"Universiti Tenaga Nasional"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4424595502","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"BOLDREFRESH2025-Centre","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320325210","funder_display_name":"Universiti Tenaga Nasional"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7944869848","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"EP/S00078X/1","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","funder_display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320319061","display_name":"Tenaga Nasional Berhad","ror":"https://ror.org/04jjxmt88"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320325210","display_name":"Universiti Tenaga Nasional","ror":"https://ror.org/03kxdn807"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council","ror":"https://ror.org/0439y7842"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4327808721.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4327808721.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":31,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1515641485","https://openalex.org/W1966882573","https://openalex.org/W2018648529","https://openalex.org/W2020367404","https://openalex.org/W2056240167","https://openalex.org/W2062231378","https://openalex.org/W2602432472","https://openalex.org/W2741941028","https://openalex.org/W2790325101","https://openalex.org/W2791049597","https://openalex.org/W2799888275","https://openalex.org/W2802765919","https://openalex.org/W2888598463","https://openalex.org/W2904575683","https://openalex.org/W2981990775","https://openalex.org/W3084990392","https://openalex.org/W3097096112","https://openalex.org/W3098742069","https://openalex.org/W3109940318","https://openalex.org/W3112304682","https://openalex.org/W3118626312","https://openalex.org/W3163837571","https://openalex.org/W3166450191","https://openalex.org/W3195499158","https://openalex.org/W3202927472","https://openalex.org/W3204661889","https://openalex.org/W4220757383","https://openalex.org/W4297220940","https://openalex.org/W4310723021","https://openalex.org/W4310724776","https://openalex.org/W4313251995"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1980973992","https://openalex.org/W2897931424","https://openalex.org/W4237401004","https://openalex.org/W1531841317","https://openalex.org/W4220757383","https://openalex.org/W2553731202","https://openalex.org/W2296062913","https://openalex.org/W2794180445","https://openalex.org/W2884942185","https://openalex.org/W4327808721"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"paper":[1,67,172,201],"highlights":[2],"the":[3,42,50,66,75,120,123,130,157,161,168,174,200,203,221,226],"importance":[4],"of":[5,8,44,52,57,108,114,122,156,164,176,206,230],"precise":[6],"assessments":[7],"greenhouse":[9],"gas":[10],"(GHG)":[11],"emissions":[12,82,128,149,197,219],"associated":[13,83],"with":[14,84,134],"power":[15,46],"generation":[16,34,58,152,169,231],"for":[17,72,216],"effective":[18,214],"policy":[19],"making":[20],"in":[21,80,125,129,147,167,212,220],"environmental":[22,179],"sustainability.":[23],"The":[24,95,117,142,171],"current":[25],"assessment":[26,210],"approaches":[27],"based":[28,98,181,193],"on":[29,99,137,182,194],"historical":[30],"data":[31],"or":[32],"estimated":[33],"using":[35],"energy":[36,166,233],"models":[37],"may":[38],"not":[39],"accurately":[40,73],"reflect":[41],"reality":[43],"future":[45],"systems":[47],"due":[48],"to":[49,160],"impact":[51],"spatial-temporal":[53,112],"and":[54,60,77,89,111,140,154,187,208,228,236],"techno-economic":[55],"characteristics":[56,113],"mix":[59],"load":[61],"demands.":[62],"To":[63],"address":[64],"this,":[65],"presents":[68],"a":[69,100,135,189],"comprehensive":[70],"methodology":[71,96,124],"quantifying":[74,126],"geographical":[76],"temporal":[78],"variations":[79,146],"GHG":[81,127,148,183,196,218],"generating":[85],"units\u2019":[86],"operation,":[87],"startup,":[88],"shutdown":[90],"at":[91],"an":[92],"hourly":[93],"resolution.":[94],"is":[97],"detailed":[101],"electricity":[102,222],"model":[103],"that":[104],"considers":[105],"various":[106],"sources":[107],"generation,":[109],"techno-economic,":[110],"system":[115],"components.":[116],"study":[118],"demonstrates":[119],"effectiveness":[121],"IEEE":[131],"RTS-GLMC":[132],"system,":[133],"focus":[136],"CO2,":[138],"N2O,":[139],"CH4.":[141],"analysis":[143,192],"reveals":[144],"significant":[145],"among":[150],"different":[151],"buses":[153],"hours":[155],"year,":[158],"attributed":[159],"high":[162],"proportion":[163],"renewable":[165],"mix.":[170],"emphasizes":[173,202],"inadequacy":[175],"examining":[177],"marginal":[178,209],"impacts":[180],"emission":[184],"intensity":[185],"alone":[186],"suggests":[188],"more":[190],"thorough":[191],"total":[195],"generation.":[198],"Finally,":[199],"crucial":[204],"role":[205],"time-varying":[207],"techniques":[211],"identifying":[213],"strategies":[215],"reducing":[217],"sector,":[223],"including":[224,239],"optimizing":[225],"operation":[227],"capacity":[229],"units,":[232],"storage":[234],"systems,":[235],"electric":[237],"vehicles,":[238],"their":[240],"locations.":[241]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-05-06T08:25:59.206177","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}